光照和温度对豌豆Lhcb2基因表达的影响

采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术,从豌豆（Ｐｉｓｕｍ ｓａｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．）幼叶中克隆了１个约８００ｂｐ的Ｌｈｃｂ２ ｃＤＮＡ。以特异探针进行的Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明,Ｌｈｃｂ２基因以单拷贝形成存在于豌豆基因组中。不同光照时间和温度对豌豆幼苗进行处理的ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ和Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ分析表明,Ｌｈｃｂ２基因转录水平上的表达受光照的控制,且明显表现出对光照时间的依赖性。光照０￣１．５ｈＬｈ     

紫外处理梨小食心虫卵对暗黑赤眼蜂寄生和羽化的影响

【目的】研究暗黑赤眼蜂Trichogramma pintoi Voegele对经紫外线照射处理的梨小食心虫 Grapholita molesta (Busck)卵的寄生效果, 确定处理寄主卵的最佳紫外强度和处理时间, 为利用小卵大量饲养赤眼蜂时寄主卵的处理和保存提供方法。【方法】初羽化12 h内的暗黑赤眼蜂分别寄生经不同强度紫外灯处理不同时间的梨小食心虫卵, 观察其寄生状况, 并统计寄生率和羽化率, 与对未经紫外处理的梨小食心虫卵的寄生率和羽化率作比较。【结果】暗黑赤眼蜂对经紫外照射的梨小食心虫卵的寄生率明显下降, 且随着紫外光强度的增强和紫外处理时间的延长, 影响强度增大。紫外处理梨小食心虫卵后, 暗黑赤眼蜂羽化率变化不大, 用15W紫外灯1-2 h或30W紫外灯照射1 h后, 暗黑赤眼蜂羽化率有所提高, 均在80%以上, 但在紫外照射3 h后, 羽化率明显下降。【结论】处理梨小食心虫卵时的紫外光强度及紫外处理时间对暗黑赤眼蜂寄生梨小食心虫卵的寄生效果均有一定的影响。实验室利用梨小食心虫卵大量繁殖暗黑赤眼蜂时, 宜采用15W 1 h紫外照射, 既能杀死寄主卵的胚胎, 又不会对暗黑赤眼蜂的寄生效果产生明显的不利影响。     

生物学因子对紫苏悬浮培养细胞生长和花色素形成的影响

应用摇瓶培养研究了生物学因子,即：细胞聚集体大小、继代周期和接种量,对紫苏悬浮细胞生长和次生代谢物花色素产生的影响。结果表明：与未经筛选的或细胞聚集体小于250μm的细胞团块相比,大于250μm的细胞团块作为接种细胞时,培养所得的花色素含量较低。7一10天为合适的继代周期,在长时期的继代过程中,细胞生长良好、并且色素含量也高。实验还表明,每升接种50克湿细胞最适合于细胞增殖与色素积累。     

温度与光照强度对烤烟番茄红素β-环化酶基因表达的影响

选用水培烤烟叶圆片,在3种温度、3种光照及其交互作用的正交试验处理下进行试验,检测了Lyc-β基因表达的结果表明：光照是影响Lyc-β基因表达的主要因子,其次为温度,最后是温度和光强交互作用。光照时间试验结果表明,Lyc-β基因的表达在光照处理6h时达到峰顶之后开始下调。     

紫外照射对葡萄果实莽草酸途径相关基因表达的影响

本文以花后11周的‘赤霞珠’葡萄果实为试材,应用荧光实时定量PCR技术,研究6种剂量的UV-A、UV-B和UV-C照射对莽草酸途径及后分支酸途径关键酶基因表达量的影响。结果表明,这些基因在转录水平上对紫外诱导的响应不同步,且有照射剂量的依赖性。一定剂量的紫外照射可显著地诱导莽草酸途径的大部分基因和后分支酸途径的VvCM-1、VvCM-2和VvAS的表达;高于或低于该剂量,表达量明显降低。不同基因对紫外诱导的响应也存在差异：3种类型紫外线对莽草酸途径入口酶的两个同源基因VvDAHPS-1和VvDAHPS-2的诱导效应均最为显著。随紫外波长减小,这两个基因受诱导表达的量有所下降。VvSK和VvCS的表达只受1.2kJ·m^-2UV-A的诱导,而不受UV-B和UV-C照射的影响,在后分支酸途径中紫外对VvCM-1表达的诱导作用明显大于VvCM-2和VvAS。     

温度和时间对肌红蛋白血红素铁与金属离子相互作用的影响

目的:研究在生理条件下,温度和时间对肌红蛋白血红素铁与各种金属离子直接相互作用的影响。方法:利用紫外-可见光谱法研究肌红蛋白活性中心的铁和外加金属离子(CuSO4、ZnSO4、MgSO4、CoCl2和MnSO4)的直接相互作用;改变作用温度(4、21、37和52℃)和作用时间(2、4、6、8和10 d),研究肌红蛋白活性中心铁卟啉与不同金属离子的直接相互作用。结果与结论:紫外光谱数据表明,金属离子与肌红蛋白活性中心的Fe(Ⅱ)发生直接相互作用,且随着作用温度的升高和作用时间的延长,这种相互作用逐渐增强。作用10 d后,金属离子与肌红蛋白活性中心的铁的作用强度依次为Mn(Ⅱ)>Zn(Ⅱ)>Co(Ⅱ);温度升至52℃时,作用强度依次为Cu(Ⅱ)>Mg(Ⅱ)>Zn(Ⅱ)。     

氯霉素处理对拟南芥STN7和STN8基因表达的影响

本实验运用多肽抗体、磷酸化抗体和半定量RT-PCR技术,研究了叶绿体蛋白合成抑制剂--氯霉素(CAP)处理对拟南芥叶片在生长光强下LHCⅡ蛋白与PSⅡ核心蛋白的磷酸化、STN7和STN8基因在mRNA水平和蛋白水平的变化.结果显示:与对照相比,CAP处理叶片在生长光强下STN7基因表达的mRNA水平减少,类囊体膜上酶蛋白含量较低,LHCⅡ蛋白磷酸化水平也较低;而STN8基因表达的mRNA水平增加,类囊体膜上酶蛋白含量增加了1倍,与PSⅡ核心蛋白中D1、D2和CP43的磷酸化水平较高相吻合.研究表明,氯霉素抑制叶绿体蛋白合成后并影响核基因STN7和STN8的表达.     

α-亚麻酸和γ-亚麻酸对高脂血症人群的降血脂作用

目的:研究α-亚麻酸和γ-亚麻酸对高脂血症人群血脂水平的影响.方法:选取血清总胆固醇≥5.2mmol/L及甘油三酯≥1.65mmol/L的自愿受试者106人,随机分为对照组和试验组,试验采用双盲试验.对照组每天服用含α-亚麻酸400mg,γ-亚麻酸120mg的软胶囊3粒,对照组服用外形相同的安慰剂3粒.实验前后分别观察人血清TG、TC、HDL-C变化及一般状况.试验周期为45天.结果:与对照组比较,试验组血清TC、TG水平显著降低,血清HDL-C水平显著上升;试验组自身比较,试验后血清TC和TG水平显著降低,血清HDL-C水平显著升高;对照组自身比较,试验后血清TC、TG、HDL-C水平差异均无显著变化;试验组TC、TG、HDL-C有效率及总有效率明显高于对照组.在试验期间受试者的精神、睡眠、饮食、在小便、血压、各项临床指标等均未见异常,未见其它不良反应.结论:α-亚麻酸和γ-亚麻酸具有辅助降血脂功能,且对机体健康无不良影响.     

紫外光照射对兰花原球茎增殖、分化和超微结构的影响

本文研究结果表明：紫外光照射１小时有利于兰花原球茎的增殖,照射０．５小时有利于原球茎的分化。较高剂量的紫外光照射可导致细胞核的变形、皱缩、线粒体液泡化。在一定照射剂量条件下,紫外光照射可提高细胞无丝分裂颜率。     

紫苏花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究

紫苏花蜜腺位于不均等分裂的花盘裂片上,属于子房基部的盘状蜜腺。3枚小裂片上的蜜腺由分泌表皮和产蜜组织组成,而另一枚大裂片上的指状蜜腺则由分泌表皮、产蜜组织和维管束组成。4枚蜜腺的表皮细胞外均具薄的角质层,仅在指状蜜腺的顶部分布着密集的气孔器。蜜腺来源于花盘表面的2～3层细胞。在蜜腺发育过程中,液泡和淀粉粒呈现有规律的消长变化,这与蜜汁的合成与分泌有关。3枚小裂片蜜腺的原蜜汁来源和泌蜜途径与指状蜜腺不同。     

Effect of light irradiation on anthocyanin production by suspended culture of Perilla frutescens

After a series of experiments on photoperiodicity and light intensity under daylight supplied by an ordinary fluorescent lamp in cultivations using a flask and a roux bottle, it was found that irradiation at 27.2 W/m(2) for the whole period was effective for anthocyanin production by a suspended culture of Perilla frutescens (shiso). A high amount of anthocyanin pigments, 3.0 g/L, was obtained in a bubble column bioreactor after 10 days of cultivation at an aeration rate of 0.1 vvm with light irradiation at 27.2 W/m(2), while 2 g/L was obtained at 13.6 W/m(2) and very little at 54.4 W/m(2). A high amount of anthocyanin pigments, 2.9 g/L, was also produced using an aerated and agitated bioreactor at an agitation speed of 130 rpm, an aeration rate of 0.1 vvm and light irradiation intensity of 27.2 W/m(2). The amount of anthocyanin produced was more than twice that without light irradiation, Keeping the other cultivation conditions the same. The results obtained also showed that the amount of anthocyanin pigment accumulated in a shake flask could be rather well reproduced in bioreactors for both aerated culture, and aerated and agitated culture, by improving the conditions of light irradiation, which conspicuously affects metabolite formation.     

HPLC法测定紫苏不同来源不同部位中迷迭香酸的含量

采用 HP LC 法测定14种不同来源紫苏不同部位的迷迭香酸的含量,并进行统计与聚类分析.结果表明：14种来源紫苏间叶、果穗、茎及根中迷迭香酸含量均有显著差异(P ＜0．05),同一来源不同部位间迷迭香酸含量也存在显著差异(P ＜0．05).各种来源紫苏叶中的迷迭香酸含量均最高;大部分来源紫苏果穗中迷迭香酸的含量较紫苏茎高.14份材料经聚类分析可分成4个类群.研究结果表明紫苏果穗可能是潜在的新药源,来源于长江中下游紫苏不同部位的迷迭香酸含量要比西南地区的高.     

杜仲籽油与紫苏籽油脂肪酸组成的比较研究

利用气相色谱法,对杜仲籽油和紫苏籽油的脂肪酸组成、α-亚麻酸含量等进行了比较研究。结果发现,两者不仅脂肪酸GC指纹图谱较为相似(脂肪酸组成、含量基本相同),而且外观、气味、折光率等质量指标也非常相近。说明了杜仲籽油具有与紫苏籽油同样的开发价值。     

Rheological characteristics of cell suspension and cell culture of Perilla frutescens

Physical properties such as viscosity, fluid dynamic behavior of cell suspension, and size distribution of cell aggregates of a plant, Perilla frustescens, cultured in a liquid medium were studied. As a result of investigations using cells harvester after 12 days of cultivation in a flask, it was found that the apparent viscosity of the cell suspension did not change with any variation of cell concentration below 5 g dry cell/L but markedly increased when the cell concentration increased over 12.8 g dry cell/L. The cell suspension exhibited the characteristics of a Bingham plastic fluid with a small yield stres. The size of cell aggregates in the range 74 to 500 mum did not influence the rheological characteristics of the cell suspension. The rheological characteristics of cultivation mixtures of P. frutescens cultivated in a flask and in a bioreactor were also investigated. The results showed that the flow characteristics of the cell culture could be described by a Bingham plastic model. At the later stage of cultivation, the apparent viscosity increased steadily, even though the biomass concentration (by dry weight) decreased, due to the increase of individual cell size. (c) 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Optimization of fermented Perilla frutescens seeds for enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid and bioactive compounds by Lactobacillus casei TISTR 1500

Abstract

Select LAB, including Lactobacillus fermentum TISTR 950, Lactobacillus plantarum TISTR 2265 and Lactobacillus casei TISTR 1500 were investigated for their ability to enhance GABA, TPC and the antioxidant activity of perilla seed juice. L. casei TISTR 1500 produced higher GABA and TPC contents and presented higher antioxidant activity than other strains. Furthermore, the optimal fermentation condition to perilla seeds inoculated with L. casei TISTR 1500 to improve the GABA, TPC and antioxidant activity was performed using 3³ full factorial design. The final optimal values for perilla fermentation was found at fermentation time of 4.82 days (4 days 19?h 40?min), initial substrate of 5% (w/v) and fermentation temperature of 30.07?°C. Under the optimal fermentation condition, an observed values of GABA, TPC, ABTS, DPPH and FRAP were 71.46 µg/g, 3175.00 µg GAE/g, 1991.40 µg TEAC/g, 9178.29 µg TEAC/g and 7753.34 µg TEAC/g, respectively, which was 3.3, 0.9, 2.9, 10.8 and 10.2 times higher than that of unfermented perilla seeds, and 2.1, 0.8, 0.9, 10 and 9.2 times of fermented perilla seeds before the optimization. These results may provide the foundation to further target in industrial application for the production of plant-based and develop functional perilla seed products containing GABA.

• Highlights

• Improved GABA, TPC and antioxidant contents were found using Lactobacillus casei TISTR 1500

• Full factorial design applied to optimize fermented perilla seeds by lactic acid fermentation

• The optimized conditions dramatically increased GABA and TPC contents

     

Effect of salinity on seed germination,seedling growth,and physiological characteristics of Perilla frutescens

Abstract

Salt stress is one of the major environmental factors limiting crop growth and yield. To understand the effect of salt stress on plant growth, we investigated the response of three perilla varieties (Suyin 1, Ziye 7, and Ziye 10) to NaC1 exposure at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM in terms of seed germination, seedling growth, root activity, contents of soluble sugar, proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA), and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity. Germination characteristics, such as the percentage of seed germination, tended to decrease with increasing NaC1 concentrations. After three weeks of salt stress, the three varieties exhibited different salt tolerance in terms of seed germination, seedling growth, and physiological changes: seedling growth was inhibited to various degrees, seedling vigor and root activities decreased, and MDA, proline, and soluble sugar contents increased with increasing NaCl concentrations. POD enzyme activity, a protective mechanism against salt stress, increased at low NaC1 concentrations in Suyin1 (0–150 mM) and Ziye 7 (0–100 mM), and then decreased at higher NaCl concentrations. In Ziye 10, on the other hand, POD activity dropped significantly with increasing NaCl concentrations. These results suggest that among the three varieties Suyin 1 is more salt tolerant than Ziye 7 and Ziye 10, and that Ziye 10 is the most sensitive to salt stress.     

紫苏硬脂酰-ACP脱氢酶基因家族鉴定及表达分析北大核心CSCD

硬脂酰-ACP脱氢酶(SAD)催化硬脂酸脱氢生成油酸,是形成不饱和脂肪酸的关键酶。该研究从紫苏转录组数据库中筛选鉴定紫苏硬脂酰-ACP脱氢酶(PfSAD)家族基因,并进行生物信息学分析及保守功能域分析,用qRT-PCR技术检测PfSADs各成员在不同组织中的表达特性,以探讨PfSAD家族基因在调控种子脂肪酸组分中的作用,为紫苏脂肪酸组分的遗传改良提供基因元件。结果显示:(1)从该课题组前期自测的紫苏转录组数据库中共检测出6个PfSAD家族基因,其编码蛋白的氨基酸长度介于367~396 aa之间,均具有SAD的保守结构域和二铁中心,预测其基因编码蛋白均定位于叶绿体。(2)多序列比对结果显示,紫苏PfSADs蛋白序列与拟南芥、蓖麻及可可等植物的SAD蛋白序列相似性均在50%以上;系统进化分析显示,6个紫苏SAD蛋白被分为3个亚组,其中第一个亚组包含PfSAD1,第二亚组包含PfSAD2、PfSAD3,第三亚组包含PfSAD4、PfSAD5和PfSAD6。(3)实时荧光定量PCR分析发现,PfSADs各成员在‘晋紫苏1号’不同组织中的表达量差异显著,其中PfSAD1主要在叶中表达,PfSAD2、PfSAD3、PfSAD4和PfSAD5在种子中表达量较高,PfSAD6在花中具有显著表达优势。研究表明,PfSADs具有典型的保守基序及催化SAD的活性中心,其各成员在不同的组织中高表达,推测这6个基因均参与了硬脂酰ACP(C18∶0-ACP)脱氢生成油酰基ACP(Δ9C18∶1-ACP)的过程,在紫苏油脂合成代谢过程中发挥重要作用。     

紫苏油脂合成相关基因家族鉴定及表达分析

该研究从转录组数据库中筛选鉴定紫苏溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶(LPAT)家族基因,采用生物信息学方法分析了该家族基因的序列特征及蛋白结构,利用qRT PCR技术对该基因时空表达特性进行了研究,为进一步了解紫苏油脂合成机制提供理论依据。结果表明：(1)从紫苏转录组数据库中共检测出11个LPAT家族基因,分别命名为PfLPAT1、PfLPAT2 1、PfLPAT2 2、PfLPAT2 3、PfLPAT2 4、PfLPAT4 1、PfLPAT4 2、PfLPAT5 1、PfLPAT5 2、PfLPAT5 3和PfLPAT5 4;PfLPATs编码氨基酸长度介于250~384 aa之间,理论等电点在7.6~9.6之间。(2)基因序列比对结果表明,11个PfLPATs蛋白分别属于3个亚类,其中1型LPAT包含1个基因,2/3型LPAT 包含4个,4/5型LPAT 包含6个。(3)实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,11个LPAT家族基因在 ‘晋紫苏1号’不同组织中均有表达,其中LPAT2 1、LPAT2 2和LPAT2 3在种子中表达量较高,推测其在紫苏种子油脂合成代谢过程中发挥重要作用。该结果为后续紫苏LPAT家族基因的功能研究提供了重要的基因信息。