RBS文库调控重组大肠杆菌β-胡萝卜素合成途径关键基因提高β-胡萝卜素合成能力

β-胡萝卜素属于类胡萝卜素家族的一员,在药品、保健品、化妆品和食品行业有广泛的应用。本研究通过用RBS文库对重组大肠杆菌CAR005中β-胡萝卜素合成途径的关键基因dxs、idi和crt操纵子进行调控来提高β-胡萝卜素合成能力。研究发现3个基因分别用RBS文库调控后,与起始菌株相比β-胡萝卜素产量最高分别有7%、11%和17%的提高,表明使用RBS文库调控比使用多个固定强度启动子调控能筛选到更有利于目标产品合成的基因表达强度。三基因组合调控后,β-胡萝卜素产量相对于CAR005菌株提高了35%。同时发现,单基因文库筛选到的最优强度对于组合调控来说,未必是最优强度。本研究为利用基因表达调控优化目标产物合成途径提供了一种新的方案。     

受溶氧浓度调控的新型大肠杆菌表达系统

利用透明颤菌(Vitreoscilla sp.)的血红蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的转录过程受环境溶氧浓度调控,在贫氧条件下基因转录被激活的性质,构建了一个在贫氧条件下能高效表达外源基因的新型大肠杆菌表达系统。该表达系统包括一个古血红蛋白基因启动子元件控制T7RNA聚合酶基因表达的低拷贝质粒的宿主菌GJ100和另一个T7启动子控制外源基因表达的质粒载体。研究结果表明大肠杆菌本身的硫氧还蛋白,原核生物的金黄色葡萄球菌A蛋白IgG结合区(ZZ),真核生物的蛇神经毒素融合蛋白,鲑鱼降钙素六聚体,人白细胞介素Ⅱ和人尿激酶原等基因均能在该系统中获得高效表达。重组蛋白表达的水平可达细胞总蛋白的30％以上。     

钝齿棒杆菌溶氧诱导型启动子的筛选及其功能验证

[目的]筛选钝齿棒杆菌(Corynebacterium crenatum)SYPA5-5内源溶氧诱导型启动子,验证其在不同溶氧条件下受溶氧调控的功能.[方法]以本课题组前期利用双向电泳结合质谱鉴定技术分离鉴定出的高低供氧条件下钝齿棒杆菌SYPA5-5胞内的显著差异蛋白(27个)为基础,结合棒杆菌基因组信息分析高低溶氧状态下显著差异蛋白中单位拷贝的表达量,以其中单位拷贝表达量高的蛋白为目的蛋白,克隆目的蛋白编码基因的上游启动子,分别替换棒杆菌-大肠杆菌穿梭表达质粒pDXW-8的外源tac启动子,在大肠杆菌和钝齿棒杆菌中表达报告基因gfp和cat,并检测其表达效率.[结果]筛选出高溶氧上调蛋白转酮醇酶和延胡索酸水化酶作为目的蛋白,克隆其启动子区命名为P-tkt和P-fum.在重组大肠杆菌和重组钝齿棒杆菌中,P-tkt在高溶氧条件下CAT活性是低溶氧条件下CAT活性的2.8和3.2倍.该结果在5L发酵罐中得到验证.[结论]启动子P-tkt为首次筛选到的钝齿棒杆菌内源性高溶氧诱导型启动子,适用于高溶氧条件发酵生产氨基酸的菌株中,有利于在高供氧条件下提高棒杆菌中氨基酸的合成代谢能力.     

产鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂大肠杆菌的构建与优化

目前鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂主要由条件致病的铜绿假单胞菌生产获得,从而影响工业应用。为了开发一种相对安全的鼠李糖脂生产菌,将带有不同强度组成型合成启动子的鼠李糖基转移酶基因(Rhamnosyltransferase gene,rhl AB)以单、中、高3种拷贝数分别在大肠杆菌ATCC 8739中异源表达,实现了不同产量的鼠李糖脂异源合成。对rhl AB基因和rha BDAC基因簇(TDP-L-鼠李糖合成的基因簇)进一步利用合成启动子进行组合调控,筛选获得了最优生产鼠李糖脂工程菌——大肠杆菌TIB-RAB226。对大肠杆菌TIB-RAB226进行发酵温度优化,鼠李糖脂产量达到124.3 mg/L,是优化前的1.17倍。通过分批补料发酵,12h时鼠李糖脂产量达到209.2 mg/L。对发酵产物进行高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术分析,共检出相对含量变化的5类质核比不同的鼠李糖脂同系物。本研究可为异源合成产鼠李糖脂提供重要参考。     

生产聚羟基脂肪酸酯的微生物细胞工厂

聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)是一类由微生物合成的、生物可再生、生物可降解、具有多种材料学性能的高分子聚合物,在很多领域有着广泛的应用前景。以下从辅酶工程、代谢工程、微氧生产等方面综述了微生物法生产PHA的研究进展,并对利用PHA合成基因提高基因工程菌的代谢潜能进行了讨论。     

多个调控元件调控萜类合成途径基因表达提高β-胡萝卜素的生产

强启动子对于获得目标产物最大代谢流量来说并不一定是最优的;相比之下,使用多个具有不同强度的调控元件对基因表达进行调控更有可能获得最优的表达强度.为了对比使用多个调控元件和使用强启动子调控萜类合成途径基因表达对β-胡萝卜素生产的影响,并通过对关键基因的组合调控提高β-胡萝卜素的生产.文中使用6个强度差异很大的人工调控元件,对萜类合成途径的8个基因进行调控.对于不同的基因,其最适的调控元件强度各不相同.对8个基因的调控使β-胡萝卜素产量提高1.2～3.5倍.和以前报道不一样的是,文中发现用适当强度的调控元件对dxr、ispG和ispH基因进行调控后,也能提高β-胡萝卜素的生产.对dxs和idi基因的组合调控将β-胡萝卜素产量提高了8倍,最终β-胡萝卜素产量达17.59 mg/g干重细胞.结果表明使用多个不同强度的调控元件对基因表达进行调控比仅使用强启动子调控更为有效,为提高目标产品合成能力提供了一种新的基因表达调控方案.     

基于四环素调控系统的叶绿体启动子在大肠杆菌中活性检测

旨在研究四环素调控系统在叶绿体基因工程中调控启动子活性。以四环素基因及四环素特异性识别序列的核心操控区为基础,首先合成带有四环素核心操控区的prrn O1O2启动子,通过酶切连接的方法连接到表达载体Bio3-GFP,并在大肠杆菌中验证该启动子的活性。结果表明,在该启动子的驱动下GFP基因表达使菌落呈明亮绿色;构建四环素诱导下GFP基因的表达载体Bio3-Tet R-prrn O1O2-GFP,筛选出适应大肠杆菌生长的最高四环素使用浓度为5μg/m L;然后构建四环素调控系统下的GFP表达载体,在未加入四环素时,prrn O1O2启动子的功能被抑制,加入四环素后,GFP基因表达出绿色荧光蛋白。说明利用四环素调控系统可以在大肠杆菌中控制叶绿体启动子prrn O1O2的活性,从而避免了核基因组对质体基因组的调控干扰,为进一步利用质体基因工程育种提供有效的方法和途径。     

利用GFP/RFP双荧光指示载体鉴定特异性启动子功能

在基因表达定位或启动子调控模式的研究中, 多以gusA作为报告基因。但由于部分组织中高内源GUS背景活性或转化手段的限制, 使判断基因表达定位或调控时存在很大误差。为了解决上述问题, 本实验将报道基因绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)和红色荧光蛋白(RFP)融合构建双荧光标记瞬时表达载体pBI221-RFP/GFP。该载体以CaMV35S启动子驱动GFP确定转化效率, 通过鉴定阳性个体的红色荧光活性分析目的基因或启动子的表达模式。并通过番茄E8和西瓜AGPL1果实特异启动子验证了该载体在启动子调控模式研究中的应用可行性。结果表明pBI221-RFP/GFP是一个可以在基因和启动子功能验证中应用的高效瞬时表达载体。     

大肠杆菌异源生产丁醇途径组装及启动子优化

启动子优化是合成生物学研究的重要工具,可以通过不同强度的启动子调控基因转录水平以优化生物途径。丁醇是一种多用途的基础化工原料,目前有很多代谢工程手段应用在大肠杆菌的丁醇异源表达中,但是并没有进行启动子的精细调控。文中以大肠杆菌为宿主构建异源丁醇合成途径,通过DNA assembler的方法一步组装不同强度启动子组合的丁醇合成途径以优化丁醇合成。以强启动子Alper PLTetO1或弱启动子Alper BB转录硫解酶,以强启动子Braatsch 20或弱启动子Braatsch 10转录丁醇合成操纵子,共构建成4种不同质粒。结果表明以AlperPLTetO1转录硫解酶,Braatsch 10转录丁醇合成操纵子的组合获得最高的丁醇产量28 mg/L,与其他组合相比丁醇产量提高了3~5倍。     

毕赤酵母截短PGK1启动子与不同终止子组合调控外源基因表达

【目的】调控多基因表达对于优化代谢途径和合成生物学应用至关重要,构建不同的启动子和终止子组合,可作为毕赤酵母代谢途径改造和优化外源基因表达的有力分子调控工具。【方法】首先,将毕赤酵母组成型磷酸甘油酸激酶基因的启动子P_PGK1进行截短,构建截短启动子分别调控报告基因（绿色荧光蛋白基因egfp和β-半乳糖苷酶基因lac Z）表达的毕赤酵母重组菌。检测重组菌的报告基团转录水平、荧光强度和β-半乳糖苷酶产量。然后,构建了不同强度启动子和终止子组合（共27种组合）调控egfp表达的重组菌。最后,选取能调控基因高、中、低表达的6个启动子-终止子组合,调控β-呋喃果糖苷酶基因表达,构建β-呋喃果糖苷酶分泌表达的重组菌。【结果】构建的截短启动子(P_PP、P_PE、P_PG和P_PD)的强度是野生型启动子P_PGK1的70%–190%,最强的启动子为P_PD。分别与9个终止子组合时,P_PG、P_PE和P_PD     

A study on medium chain length-polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulation in Escherichia coli harbouring phaC1 gene of indigenous Pseudomonas sp. LDC-5

AIMS: This study is mainly focused on the heterologous expression and accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in Escherichia coli. METHODS AND RESULTS: PHA synthase gene (phaC1) from indigenous Pseudomonas sp. LDC-5 was amplified by PCR and cloned in E. coli (Qiagen EZ competent cells). The recombinant E. coli was analysed and confirmed for its expression of phaC1 gene by phase contrast microscopy, Western blot analysis and spectral studies (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy). It was further evaluated for its accumulation in different carbon and nitrogen sources. The accumulation of PHA (3.4 g l(-1)) was enhanced in the medium supplemented with glycerol and fish peptone compared to the other carbon and nitrogen sources used in this study. CONCLUSIONS: This study would enable the reduction of cost of PHA production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: An important part of this study is that E. coli harbouring partial phaC1 gene could accumulate medium chain length PHA significantly. The results demonstrated that the E. coli strain could be a potential candidate for the large-scale production of polymer. The conditions for the higher yield and productivity will be optimized in the next phase using fermentation studies.     

PHB synthase from Streptomyces aureofaciens NRRL 2209

An approximately 4.9 kb Sau3A I genomic DNA fragment from the Streptomyces aureofaciens NRRL 2209 aiding in the biosynthesis of PHB in recombinant Escherichia coli has been sequenced and analysed for phaC gene. The putative phaC(Sa) gene of 2 kb is 79.1% GC rich and encodes a 63.5 kDa protein. It expressed under its own promoter and significant PHA synthase activity was detected in the recombinant E. coli. This is the first putative PHA synthase gene reported from a Streptomyces sp. with serine as the active nucleophile in the conserved lipase box. The phaC(Sa) was found in close proximity to a regulatory gene, which apparently regulated the phaC expression.     

代谢工程改造大肠杆菌合成羟基酪醇

羟基酪醇是重要精细化学品,作为天然抗氧化剂被广泛应用于食品、医药领域。利用合成生物学技术生产羟基酪醇具有重要意义。本文克隆并功能鉴定了来源于大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21的羟化酶编码基因HpaBC,结果表明该酶的两个亚基均能成功表达并能催化酪醇生成羟基酪醇。通过CRISPR-Cas9技术将由tac启动子调控的HpaBC基因表达盒整合到前期构建的酪醇高产菌株YMG5A*R基因组中,同时删除副产物乙酸的合成途径,获得大肠杆菌代谢工程菌株YMGRD1H1。摇瓶发酵实验结果表明,重组菌株能够直接利用葡萄糖生产羟基酪醇,产量达到1.81 g/L,同时发现几乎没有副产物积累。5 L发酵罐规模的流加补料发酵实验表明,羟基酪醇最高产量达到2.95 g/L,是目前文献报道以葡萄糖从头合成羟基酪醇的最高水平。通过系统改造大肠杆菌,实现了羟基酪醇的大量合成,为进一步构建具有工业应用潜力的羟基酪醇细胞工厂奠定了基础,也为拓展芳香族化合物的微生物制造路线提供了有益的参考。     

Constitutive production of human leptin by fed-batch culture of recombinant rpoS- Escherichia coli

High-level production of human leptin by fed-batch culture of recombinant Escherichia coli using constitutive promoter system was investigated. For the constitutive expression of the obese gene encoding human leptin, the strong constitutive HCE promoter cloned from the D-amino acid aminotransferase gene of Geobacillus toebii was used. To develop an optimal host-vector system, several different recombinant E. coli strains were compared for leptin production. In flask cultures, E. coli FMJ123, which is a rpoS mutant strain, showed the highest level of leptin production (41% of total proteins). By comparing the expression levels of leptin in several different rpoS- and rpoS+ strains, it could be concluded that rpoS mutation positively affected constitutive production of leptin. For the large-scale production of human leptin, fed-batch cultures of recombinant E. coli FMJ123 were carried out using three different feeding solutions--chemically defined, yeast extract-containing, and casamino acid-containing feeding solutions. Among these, the use of casamino acid-containing feeding solution allowed production of leptin up to 2.1 g/L, which was 2.1- and 1.8-fold higher than that obtained with chemically defined and yeast extract-contained feeding solutions, respectively. These results suggest that the HCE promoter can be used for the efficient production of leptin, and most likely other recombinant proteins, in a constitutive manner.     

组合代谢调控提高大肠杆菌对氨基苯甲酸产量

对氨基苯甲酸是一种重要的有机合成中间体,广泛应用于医药、染料等行业。近年来对氨基苯甲酸作为一种潜在的高强度共聚物单体越来越受到重视。对氨基苯甲酸作为叶酸合成的前体之一,其合成在大肠杆菌体内由叶酸合成途径的pabA、pabB和pabC三个基因负责,催化分支酸合成对氨基苯甲酸。本研究以实验室构建的酪氨酸高产工程菌TYR002作为出发菌株,首先弱化双功能分支酸突变酶/预苯酸脱氢酶TyrA的表达,以减少酪氨酸积累,然后利用3种不同强度的组成型启动子分别调控pabA、pabB和pabC的表达。摇瓶发酵表明不同的组合调控模式下大肠杆菌发酵培养基中的对氨基苯甲酸积累量存在显著差异,最高可获得0.67 g/L的摇瓶发酵产量。进一步通过发酵条件优化和分批补料发酵,在5L发酵罐中获得了6.4g/L的对氨基苯甲酸产量。本研究为改善对氨基苯甲酸生物合成效率提供了重要理论参考。     

New FadB homologous enzymes and their use in enhanced biosynthesis of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates in FadB mutant Escherichia coli

Recombinant Escherichia coli harboring the medium-chain-length (MCL) polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase gene has been shown to accumulate MCL-PHAs from fatty acids when FadB is inactive. However, the enzymes in fadB mutant E. coli responsible for channeling the beta-oxidation intermediates to PHA biosynthesis have not been fully elucidated. Only recently, two enzymes encoded by yfcX and maoC have been found to be partially responsible for this. In this study, we identified five new FadB homologous enzymes in E. coli: PaaG, PaaF, BhbD, SceH, and YdbU, by protein database search, and examined their roles in the biosynthesis of MCL-PHAs in an fadB mutant E. coli strain. Coexpression of each of these genes along with the Pseudomonas sp. 61-3 phaC2 gene did not allow synthesis of MCL-PHA from fatty acid in recombinant E. coli W3110, which has a fully functional beta-oxidation pathway, but allowed MCL-PHA accumulation in an fadB mutant E. coli WB101. In particular, coexpression of the paaG, paaF, and ydbU genes resulted in a MCL-PHA production up to 0.37, 0.25, and 0.33 g/L, respectively, from 2 g/L of sodium decanoate, which is more than twice higher than that obtained with E. coli WB101 expressing only the phaC2 gene (0.16 g/L). These results suggest that the newly found FadB homologous enzymes, or at least the paaG, paaF, and ydbU genes, are involved in MCL-PHA biosynthesis in an fadB mutant E. coli strain and can be employed for the enhanced production of MCL-PHA.     

Extracellular production of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) in Escherichia coli cells

An expression plasmid pPTK-hEGF2 was constructed to provide for the extracellular production of recombinant human epidermal growth factor by the Escherichia coli cells. The plasmid contained two expression cassettes, one of which carried a tandem of the fused genes ompF-hegf under the control of the tac promoter, ensuring regulated secretion of hEGF into the E. coli periplasm, and another one contained the kil gene from the ColE1 plasmid under the control of lac promoter. The regulated low-level biosynthesis of Kil protein increased the permeability of E. coli outer membrane for periplasmic proteins. This enabled the recombinant proteins secreted into the cell periplasm to outflow into the cultural medium. As a result, the E. coli strains that harboured this plasmid construct produced effectively the recombinant hEGF into the cultural medium. The yields of hEGF produced by the nTG1(pPTK-hEGF2) and HB101(pPTK-hEGF2) strains reached 25 and 30 mg/l of cell culture after 14 and 18 h of cultivation, respectively. The hEGF preparation isolated possessed biological activity both in vivo and in vitro.     

Enhancing recombinant protein yields in Escherichia coli using the T7 system under the control of heat inducible lambda PL promoter

A recombinant plasmid containing the complete lacZ gene downstream of the T7 promoter was used to transform Escherichia coli containing another plasmid which had the T7 RNA polymerase gene under the control of heat inducible lambda PL promoter. This recombinant E. coli containing the two plasmids was studied in order to enhance beta-galactosidase expression. The heat shock time which effectively regulates the T7 RNA polymerase was optimized and best expression of beta-galactosidase was obtained with 2 min heat shock. Substrate feeding increased the duration of log phase and allowed induction at a higher cell density without affecting the specific activity. A high cell density (7 g l-1) and high specific activity (approximately 20,000 U) were achieved which effectively increased the product concentration 18-fold.     

Analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 85A antigen promoter region.

A mycobacterial expression-secretion vector was constructed in which the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (phoA) reporter gene was placed under the control of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 85A promoter and secretion signal sequences. In recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG, PhoA activity could readily be detected on the mycobacterial cell surface and in the culture supernatant, indicating that the 85A signals can drive heterologous expression and secretion in both species. In contrast to the mycobacteria, the 85A promoter did not function in E. coli. We mapped the promoter region by progressive deletions using BAL 31 exonuclease and by primer extension analysis. Insertion and deletion mutations within the promoter region indicated that, unlike most E. coli promoters but similar to Streptomyces promoters, the position of the putative -35 region was not critical for efficient promoter activity. In addition, we investigated the ability of the identified signals to drive the production and secretion in BCG of recombinant Schistosoma mansoni glutathione S-transferase (Sm28GST), a protective antigen against schistosomiasis. BALB/c mice immunized with the recombinant BCG by a single dose exhibited a weak but specific T-cell response to Sm28GST.