《河南植物志》梯牧草考证及（サ鬲鸟）草属二外来种

考证了《河南植物志》中记录的梯牧草Phleum pratense L．;同时报道了河南（サ鬲鸟）草属二外来种：小（サ鬲鸟）草Phalaris minor Retz．和奇异（サ鬲鸟）草P.paradoxa L．     

北固山湿地虉草光合日变化的研究

采用便携式L I-6400光合测定仪,在晴朗的天气,对鬲艹鸟草成熟叶片净光合速率(Pn)以及光合有效辐射(Par)、气孔导度(Cond)、细胞间CO2浓度(C i)、叶温(T l)、叶周围气温(T a)和蒸腾速率(T r)等影响因子进行田间测定,研究艹鬲鸟草的光合日变化。结果表明:鬲艹鸟草净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,主峰出现在10¨00,次峰出现在15¨00,光合“午休”现象明显,非气孔限制是产生“午休”的主要原因。净光合速率变幅为5.86~20.64μm o l.m-2.-s 1,蒸腾速率变幅为2.8~6.22 mm o l.m-2.s-1,光补偿点为40μm o l.m-2.s-1,光饱和点为2 100μm o l.m-2.-s 1(自然状态下达不到),表观光量子效率为0.056 5 m o l.m o-l 1,暗呼吸速率为2.26μm o l.m-2.-s 1,水分利用效率为2.31~3.65μm o l.mm o-l 1。数据显示,鬲艹鸟草是一种高光效植物,对于其资源的合理利用及其对湿地生态系统的稳定意义重大。     

野生葎草的生态效应及利用价值

论述了 律艹 草的生长特点、生态效应、营养成分及饲用价值 ,对野生 律艹 草利用和在荒沟荒坡规模开发进行了探讨。     

不同轮割制度对典型草原主要种群的影响

选择12个具有代表性的种群,研究不同轮割制度对其地上现存生物量的影响.结果表明,12个种群可以分为3种类型:1)生物量下降型,羊草、米氏冰草、小叶锦鸡儿和黄囊苔草,尤以羊草和小叶锦鸡儿具有代表性.羊草地上生物量的平均值以一年割两次、一年割一次、割一年休一年和割两年休一年依次较对照下降了3.37%、4.9%、45.4%和34.18%;小叶锦鸡儿地上生物量分别较对照下降了81.79%、3.33%、40.29%和2.30%.2)生物量增加型,(艹)/(洽)草、黄蒿、冷蒿和猪毛菜,尤以(艹)/(洽)草和冷蒿具有代表性.(艹)/(洽)草生物量依次较对照增加了94.84%、287.79%、132.8%和211.74%,其中以一年割一次和割一年休一年的增加幅度较大;冷蒿生物量分别较对照增加了193.02%、210.47%、154.5%和10.47%.究其原因,(艹)/(洽)草和冷蒿地上生物量增加是通过种群自身的变化;而黄蒿和猪毛菜则是通过群落密度的下降和适宜的种子萌发条件.3)生物量波动型,大针茅、西伯利亚羽茅、变蒿和麻花头,介于前两种类型之间.     

青藏高原5种牧草木质素含量及其体外消化率研究

在海拔高度3200m的中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站选取羊茅 Festucaovina 、早熟禾 Poaannua 、艹洽草 Koeoeriacristata 以及莎草科的矮嵩草 Kobresiahumilis 、黑褐苔草 Carexalrofusca 5种青藏高原重要牧草品种,分别测定羊茅、早熟禾、艹洽草、矮嵩草茎、矮嵩草叶、黑褐苔草茎和黑褐苔草叶的木质素含量,并采用二级离体培养法测定其体外消化率,比较不同牧草间木质素含量及消化率差异.1999和2000年两年的实验结果表明,牧草木质素含量与其体外消化率之间为极显著负相关 P<0.01 ;就同种牧草不同器官而言,牧草茎的木质素含量明显高于叶,其降解率较低;3种禾本科牧草及2种莎草科牧草不同牧草品种间木质素含量和体外消化率差异不显著.     

山东日照发现草鸮

长江以北鸟类新纪录——草鸮(Tytu captnsis)1984年11月在山东日照市陈疃乡发现。草鸮,又名猴面鹰,属鸮形目、草鸮科、草鸮属,是一种罕见的夜行性猛禽。资料记载,它分布于非洲、印度、菲律宾、澳大利亚、日本以及我国长江以南的福建、安徽、广东、湖南、云南、浙江和台湾等地。这次在日照发现的六只草鸮,是正在育雏的一窝鸟。除两只亲鸟飞走外,其余     

安神健胃碑酒花

啤酒花(Humulus lupulus)又称忽布(英语俗名Hop的音译)和蛇麻。大麻科(艹律)草属多年生草质蔓生藤本。全球北温带地区广泛栽培或逸为野生。德国和美国是现今种植啤酒花的大国。 啤酒花雌雄异株,花单性。雌性球穗花序简称酒花,包含花茎、花轴、曲节和分枝轴以及前     

几种沉水植物放氧实验的比较

为寻找光合作用放氧实验的适宜材料,我在暑假高温季节里,用五种沉水植物进行了对比实验,它们是眼子菜科的菹草(Potamogeton crispus);小二仙草科的(艹杂)(Myriophyllum spicatum),又叫泥茜;茨藻科的茨藻(Najas     

茭草

菱草(Zizania caduciflora)或称菰、菱白等,是一种经济价值大、用途广的资源植物,在苏北的洪泽湖、高邮湖、宝应湖、邵伯湖以及附近的湖荡地区大量野生;分布面积很大,以兴化县为例,卽达15万亩,蕴藏量非常丰富。这些地方的群众,对菱草的利用很为重视,例如宝应湖周围群众,由于居住的湖滩,地势低洼,不能耕种,卽以收割湖草作为经济收入的主要来源,他们把赖以为生的菱草与芦苇(Phragmites communis)、(艹狭)(群众称红柴)(Miscanthus sacchariflorus)、蓑衣草(Carexargyi,C.ctnerascens)称之为“四草”。但是菱草的合理利用,尚存在不少问题,例如菱草可以作肥料和饲     

备课卡片

我国本世纪发现的部分鸟化石A周口店鸟类群：自本世纪初以来,陆续发掘于北后周口店北京猿人遗址。共计122种,其中39种为首次化了记录。A泅洪鸟类群：本世纪50～80年代发掘于江苏泅洪迄今共发表9种。面内蒙古包头鸟类群：本世纪70年代末及80年代8发掘于内蒙古包头市附近,共10种。A禄丰鸟类群：1980～1984年间发掘于云南禄丰。西山西榆社鸟类群：本世纪30年代曾被发现,近年＞大量发现于山西榆社。A黑档口松滋鸟：1980年发现于湖北松滋。西河南不飞鸟（浙川中原鸟）：1980年发现于河南n川。上甘肃鸟二1981年8月3日发现于甘肃玉门昌马知家…     

晋冀豫鲁罗布麻资源及栽培技术

对晋冀豫鲁罗布麻(Apocynum venetum Linn.)资源进行了调查.结果表明,罗布麻在山东省分布较多,其次为山西省.整体上说,资源量正日渐减少.介绍了罗布麻的人工栽培技术.     

胡葱与洋葱、葱过氧化物酶同工酶研究及聚类分析

本文对胡葱与洋葱、葱的功能叶过氧化物酶同工酶电泳图谱分析和聚类分析表明：这三个种及葱的3个交种闻的亲缘关系被区分开来;胡葱与洋葱的亲缘关系比胡葱与大葱的亲缘关系更近。     

Fingerprint analysis of Psoralea corylifolia L. by HPLC and LC-MS

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for fingerprint analysis of Psoralea corylifolia. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MSn) technique was first employed to identify the components of the fingerprint. The samples were separated with an Alltima C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) by linear gradient elution using water-acetic acid (A; 100:0.1, v/v) and acetonitrile (B; 0 min, 40%; 15 min, 50%; 35 min, 60%; 45 min, 70%; 55 min, 80%; and maintained for 5 min) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and detector wavelength at 245 nm. A standard procedure was developed for HPLC fingerprint analysis. Average chromatogram of 10 batches of P. corylifolia L. from Sichuan and Henan Provinces, PR China, which has been considered as the original and genuine herbal medicine for a long time, was first established as the characteristic fingerprint. There are 12 common peaks in this fingerprint. Ten of these common peaks were identified by MS data. This profile was then used to identify and assess the differences among the herb grown in various areas of China. The HPLC fingerprint analysis is specific and may serve for quality identification and comprehensive evaluation of P. corylifolia.     

中国菊属一新变种

报道了中国菊属(Chrysanthemum)一新变种——阔叶毛华菊(Chrysanthemum vestitum(Hem sl.)Stapf.var.latifolium J.Zhou et J.Y.Chen)。本变种与模式变种的区别在于直立生长,并且较多分枝,叶较狭,卵状披针形或匙形,长4~6 cm,宽2~3 cm。花序直径较原种为小,约3.5~4.5 cm。主要分布于湖北宜昌、河南伏牛山山脉。抗旱性较原变种强。而主要原产于安徽西部大别山麓之模式变种则铺散生长,较少分枝,叶圆形、卵圆形,长4~7cm,宽3~5 cm。花序直径较大,约4.5~5.0 cm。     

Isolation of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins. Purification and characterization of the 60 S ribosomal subunit proteins L4, L5, L7, L9, L11, L12, L13, L21, L22, L23, L26, L27, L30, L33, L35', L37, and L39.

The proteins of the large subunit of rat liver ribosomes were separated into seven groups by stepwise elution from carboxymethylcellulose with LiCl at pH 6.5. Seventeen proteins (L4, L5, L7, L9, L11, L12, L13, L21, L22, L23, L26, L27, L30, L33, L35', L37, and L39) were isolated from three of the groups (B60, D60, G60) by ion exchange chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose and by filtration through Sephadex. The amount of protein obtained varied from 0.5 to 15 mg. Eight of the proteins (L9, L11, L13, L21, L22, L35', L37 and L39) had no detectable contamination; the impurities in the others were no greater than 9%. The molecular weight of the proteins was estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate; the amino acid composition was determined.     

Direct Organogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Preconditioned Tissue Cultures of Lathyrus cicera L., L. ochrus (L.)DC. and L. sativus L.

This study demonstrates the importance of preconditioning ofsource tissue in regeneration of multiple shoot buds from severalspecies of Lathyrus. Preconditioned multiple shoots of Lathyruscicera L., L. ochrus (L.) DC. and L. sativus L. were obtainedby germinating seeds on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing50 µM N⁵-benzylaminopurine (BAP) for 2 to 3 weeks. Multipleshoot bud formation occurred when epicotyl explants of preconditionedshoots were cultured on MS medium containing 5–50 µMBAP. No shoot regeneration was observed from epicotyl explantswhich were obtained from non-preconditioned shoots. Shoot budswere formed directly on explants without an intervening callusphase after 2 to 3 weeks of culture. Regenerated shoot budsformed healthy shoots which developed prolific and strong rootswhen transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2.5 µMnaphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Lathyrus cicera L., L. ochrus (L.) DC., Ochrus Vetch, L. sativus L., Lathyrus pea, de novo differentiation, epicotyl, preconditioning with BAP     

中国石榴栽培群体遗传多样性的荧光AFLP分析

以中国山东、安徽、陕西、河南、云南和新疆6个栽培石榴群体的85个品种类型为试材,利用荧光标记AFLP对中国石榴群体遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明：8对引物组合在种级水平扩增的多态性位点数范围从135～185个不等,平均为158.25个,多态位点百分比范围为62.5%～86.11%,平均为73.26%,说明中国石榴品种遗传多样性较为丰富;石榴品种种级水平遗传多样性大于群体水平,6个群体的遗传多样性依次为河南群体〉新疆群体〉陕西群体〉安徽群体〉山东群体〉云南群体,并且具有显著性差异;群体间的遗传分化系数GST为0.2018,说明石榴遗传变异主要存在群体内,群体间的遗传变异占总变异的20.18%,根据基因分化系数,测得的基因流Nm为1.9027,说明中国石榴群体间存在适当的基因交流;UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,同一群体的大部分品种都聚在一起,但同时存在部分基因交流。所有遗传参数表明,中国石榴栽培品种遗传多样性较为丰富,其中河南群体遗传多样性显著高于其他群体,在中国石榴品种选育中具有更为广阔的应用前景。     

中国红花种质资源的种类与分布

红花(Carthamus tinctorius L.)在我国栽培历史悠久,具有重要的油用、药用、食用价值。我国的红花栽培历史和药用记载可以追溯到2 000多年前。本文详细阐述了红花在中国的引种历史、种植概况及其地理分布。目前,我国红花的商业化种植主要集中在新疆维吾尔自治区、云南省和甘肃省。河南省、四川省、浙江省等地区曾有较大规模的红花种植,并分别培育出延津红花、简阳红花、淮红花等优良品种,现在这些地区的红花种植都是零星分布。本文对红花种质资源管理、引种选育中存在的问题进行了讨论,旨在为我国红花种质资源的进一步收集、保存和选育提供参考。     

Wild adult hybrids of Salmo salar L. and Salmo trutta L.

Ovarian development was impaired in three adult Salmo salar L. × S. trutta L. hybrids identified among adult salmonids in Scottish fisheries. Species-specific variation at enzyme loci indicated that the fish were F1 hybrids and mitochondrial DNA analysis showed them to be the progeny of S. salar females.     

Adventitious shoot formation in cultures of 30-year-old Larix decidua,L. leptolepis,L. eurolepis,and L. laricina trees

Primordial shoot explants excised from buds of one Larix decidua tree, about 30 years old, produced more adventitious buds, elongating into shoots, when grown on half strength Litvay medium than when grown on other basal media. Thidiazuron and N₆-benzyladenine (BA) were equally effective in adventitious bud induction. In a comparative study of 30-year-old L. decidua, L. leptolepis, L. eurolepis, and L. laricina trees, explants from L. eurolepis and L. decidua produced a high number of cultures with adventitious buds that elongated into shoots; those from L. leptolepis were less productive, and those from L. laricina failed to form adventitious buds. The highest response was obtained with material collected in August and September, and in March and April; the lowest response occurred in explants from the October collection.