Intense Exercise Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mice Brain

There are conflicts between the effects of free radical over-production induced by exercise on neurotrophins and brain oxidative metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of intense physical training on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, COX activity, and lipoperoxidation levels in mice brain cortex. Twenty-seven adult male CF1 mice were assigned to three groups: control untrained, intermittent treadmill exercise (3 × 15 min/day) and continuous treadmill exercise (45 min/day). Training significantly (P < 0.05) increased citrate synthase activity when compared to untrained control. Blood lactate levels classified the exercise as high intensity. The intermittent training significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in 6.5% the brain cortex COX activity when compared to the control group. BDNF levels significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in both exercise groups. Besides, continuous and intermittent exercise groups significantly (P < 0.05) increased thiobarbituric acid reactive species levels in the brain cortex. In summary, intense exercise promoted brain mitochondrial dysfunction due to decreased BDNF levels in the frontal cortex of mice.     

中老年人动脉硬化与心脏舒张期功能不全相关性的研究

目的:研究老年人动脉硬化与心脏舒张期功能不全的相关性.方法:将136例确诊为心脏舒张期功能不全的老年患者进行严重程度分级,与各组眼底动脉硬化病变的情况进行比较和分析.结果:在136例舒张期心功能不全的患者中,27例为轻度异常,无眼底动脉硬化患者占59.26％,有眼底动脉硬化患者占40.74％; 78例为中度异常,无眼底动脉硬化患者占34.62％,有眼底粥样硬化患者占65.38％;31例为重度异常,无眼底动脉硬化患者占19.35％,有眼底粥样硬化患者占80.65％.3组之间进行比较,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.01;136例舒张期心功能不全的患者中,共有87例患者存在不同程度的眼底动脉硬化病变.其中,11例轻度舒张功能不全患者中,眼底动脉硬化Ⅰ级占54.55％,眼底动脉硬化≥ Ⅱ级占45.45％;51例中度舒张功能不全患者中,眼底动脉硬化Ⅰ级占25.49％,眼底粥样硬化≥ Ⅱ级占74.51％;25例重度舒张功能不全患者中,眼底动脉硬化Ⅰ级占24.00％,眼底动脉硬化≥Ⅱ级占76.00％.3组之间进行比较,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.结论:老年动脉硬化患者与心脏舒张期功能不全情况存在着相关性,对临床诊断心功能不全有着重要的参考价值,值得进一步研究和探讨.     

Detraining Differentially Preserved Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Hypertension: Effects on Blood Pressure,Cardiac Function,Brain Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress

Aims

This study sought to investigate the effects of physical detraining on blood pressure (BP) and cardiac morphology and function in hypertension, and on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (PICs and AIC) and oxidative stress within the brain of hypertensive rats.

Methods and Results

Hypertension was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by delivering AngiotensinII for 42 days using implanted osmotic minipumps. Rats were randomized into sedentary, trained, and detrained groups. Trained rats underwent moderate-intensity exercise (ExT) for 42 days, whereas, detrained groups underwent 28 days of exercise followed by 14 days of detraining. BP and cardiac function were evaluated by radio-telemetry and echocardiography, respectively. At the end, the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was analyzed by Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. ExT in AngII-infused rats caused delayed progression of hypertension, reduced cardiac hypertrophy, and improved diastolic function. These results were associated with significantly reduced PICs, increased AIC (interleukin (IL)-10), and attenuated oxidative stress in the PVN. Detraining did not abolish the exercise-induced attenuation in MAP in hypertensive rats; however, detraining failed to completely preserve exercise-mediated improvement in cardiac hypertrophy and function. Additionally, detraining did not reverse exercise-induced improvement in PICs in the PVN of hypertensive rats; however, the improvements in IL-10 were abolished.

Conclusion

These results indicate that although 2 weeks of detraining is not long enough to completely abolish the beneficial effects of regular exercise, continuing cessation of exercise may lead to detrimental effects.     

血管内皮细胞功能紊乱与心血管疾病关系的研究进展

本文综述了血管内皮细胞合成与释放的一氧化氮、内皮素、血管紧张素Ⅱ等多种生物活性物质及VEC功能紊乱与心血管疾病的关系,为进一步深入研究提供了思路。     

Effects of Acute Endurance Exercise Performed in the Morning and Evening on Inflammatory Cytokine and Metabolic Hormone Responses

Purpose

To compare the effects of endurance exercise performed in the morning and evening on inflammatory cytokine responses in young men.

Methods

Fourteen healthy male participants aged 24.3 ± 0.8 years (mean ± standard error) performed endurance exercise in the morning (0900–1000 h) on one day and then in the evening (1700–1800 h) on another day with an interval of at least 1 week between each trial. In both the morning and evening trials, the participants walked for 60 minutes at approximately 60% of the maximal oxygen uptake (V·O2max) on a treadmill. Blood samples were collected to determine hormones and inflammatory cytokines at pre-exercise, immediately post exercise, and 2 h post exercise.

Results

Plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and adrenaline concentrations were significantly higher immediately after exercise in the evening trial than in the morning trial (P < 0.01, both). Serum free fatty acids concentrations were significantly higher in the evening trial than in the morning trial at 2 h after exercise (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between the levels of IL-6 immediately post-exercise and free fatty acids 2 h post-exercise in the evening (r = 0.68, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the effect of acute endurance exercise in the evening enhances the plasma IL-6 and adrenaline concentrations compared to that in the morning. In addition, IL-6 was involved in increasing free fatty acids, suggesting that the evening is more effective for exercise-induced lipolysis compared with the morning.     

Exercise Training Reduces Cardiac Dysfunction and Remodeling in Ovariectomized Rats Submitted to Myocardial Infarction

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether exercise training (ET) prevents or minimizes cardiac dysfunction and pathological ventricular remodeling in ovariectomized rats subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) and to examine the possible mechanisms involved in this process. Ovariectomized Wistar rats were subjected to either MI or fictitious surgery (Sham) and randomly divided into the following groups: Control, OVX+SHAM_SED, OVX+SHAM_ET, OVX+MI_SED and OVX+MI_ET. ET was performed on a motorized treadmill (5x/wk, 60 min/day, 8 weeks). Cardiac function was assessed by ventricular catheterization and Dihydroethidium fluorescence (DHE) was evaluated to analyze cardiac oxidative stress. Histological analyses were made to assess collagen deposition, myocyte hypertrophy and infarct size. Western Blotting was performed to analyze the protein expression of catalase and SOD-2, as well as Gp91phox and AT1 receptor (AT1R). MI-trained rats had significantly increased in +dP/dt and decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure compared with MI-sedentary rats. Moreover, oxidative stress and collagen deposition was reduced, as was myocyte hypertrophy. These effects occurred in parallel with a reduction in both AT1R and Gp91phox expression and an increase in catalase expression. SOD-2 expression was not altered. These results indicate that ET improves the functional cardiac parameters associated with attenuation of cardiac remodeling in ovariectomized rats subjected to MI. The mechanism seems to be related to a reduction in the expression of both the AT1 receptor and Gp91phox as well as an increase in the antioxidant enzyme catalase, which contributes to a reduction in oxidative stress. Therefore, ET may be an important therapeutic target for the prevention of heart failure in postmenopausal women affected by MI.     

The Relationship between the Blood Pressure Responses to Exercise following Training and Detraining Periods

Background

Exercise training lowers blood pressure (BP), while BP increases and returns to pre-training values with detraining. Yet, there is considerable variability in these BP responses. We examined the relationship between the BP responses after 6 months of training followed by 2 weeks of detraining among the same people.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Subjects (n = 75) (X+SD, 50.2±10.6 yr) were sedentary, obese, and had prehypertension. They completed an aerobic (n = 34); resistance (n = 28); or aerobic + resistance or concurrent (n = 13) exercise training program. We calculated a metabolic syndrome z score (MetSz). Subjects were classified as BP responders (BP decreased) or non-responders (BP increased) to training and detraining. Linear and multivariable regression tested the BP response. Chi Square tested the frequency of responders and non-responders. The systolic BP (SBP, r = −0.474) and diastolic (DBP, r = −0.540) response to training negatively correlated with detraining (p<0.01), independent of modality (p>0.05). Exercise responders reduced SBP 11.5±7.8 (n = 29) and DBP 9.8±6.2 mmHg (n = 31); non-responders increased SBP 7.9.±10.9 (n = 46) and DBP 4.9±7.1 mmHg (n = 44) (p<0.001). We found 65.5% of SBP training responders were SBP detraining non-responders; while 60.9% of SBP training non-responders were SBP detraining responders (p = 0.034). Similarly, 80.6% of DBP training responders were DBP detraining non-responders; while 59.1% of DBP training non-responders were DBP detraining responders (p<0.001). The SBP detraining response (r = −0.521), resting SBP (r = −0.444), and MetSz (r = 0.288) explained 44.8% of the SBP training response (p<0.001). The DBP detraining response (r = −0.553), resting DBP (r = −0.450), and MetSz (r = 0.463) explained 60.1% of the DBP training response (p<0.001).

Conclusions/Significance

As expected most subjects that decreased BP after exercise training, increased BP after detraining. An unanticipated finding was most subjects that increased BP after exercise training, decreased BP after detraining. Reasons why the negative effects of exercise training on BP maybe reversed with detraining among some people should be explored further.

Trial Registration Information

ClinicalTrials.gov 1R01HL57354; 2003–2008; {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00275145","term_id":"NCT00275145"}}NCT00275145     

Relationship between Age/Gender-Induced Survival Changes and the Magnitude of Inflammatory Activation and Organ Dysfunction in Post-Traumatic Sepsis

Age/gender may likely influence the course of septic complications after trauma. We aimed to characterize the influence of age/gender on the response of circulating cytokines, cells and organ function in post-traumatic sepsis. We additionally tested whether post-traumatic responses alone can accurately predict outcomes in subsequent post-traumatic sepsis. A mouse 2-hit model of trauma/hemorrhage (TH, 1^st hit) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP, 2^nd hit) was employed. 3, 15 and 20 month (m) old female (♀) and male (♂) CD-1 mice underwent sublethal TH followed by CLP 2 days later. Blood was sampled daily until day 6 post-TH and survival was followed for 16 days. To compare general response patterns among groups, we calculated two scores: the inflammatory response (including KC, MIP-1α, TNFα, MCP-1, IFNγ, IL-1β,-5,-6,-10) and the organ dysfunction score (Urea, ALT, AST and LDH). Moreover, mice were retrospectively divided into survivors (SUR) and dying (DIE) based on post-CLP outcome. In general, females survived better than males and their survival did not correspond to any specific estrus cycle phase. Pre-CLP phase: the post-TH inflammatory score was weakest in 3 m♂ but there were no changes among remaining groups (similar lack of differences in the organ dysfunction score). TH induced a 40% increase of IFNγ, MIP-1α and IL-5 in 15 m♂ SUR (vs. DIE) but predictive accuracy for post-CLP outcomes was moderate. Post-CLP phase: while stable in males, inflammatory response score in 15 m and 20 m females decreased with age at day 1 and 2 post-CLP. SUR vs. DIE differences in inflammatory and organ dysfunction score were evident but their magnitude was comparable across age/gender. Nearly identical activation of the humoral inflammatory and organ function compartments, both across groups and according to sepsis severity, suggests that they are not directly responsible for the age/gender-dependent disparity in TH-CLP survival in the studied young-to-mature population.     

Relationship between Inflammatory Cytokines and Uric Acid Levels with Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease

Background

So far it is unclear whether the association between serum uric acid (SUA), inflammatory cytokines and risk of atherosclerosis is causal or an epiphenomenon. The aim of the project is to investigate the independent prognostic relationship of inflammatory markers and SUA levels with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in a patient population with stable coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods

SUA, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured at baseline in a cohort of 1,056 patients aged 30–70 years with CHD. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the prognostic value of these markers on a combined CVD endpoint during eight year follow-up after adjustment for covariates.

Results

For 1,056 patients with stable coronary heart disease aged 30–70 years (mean age 58.9 years, SD 8.0) follow-up information and serum measurements were complete and n = 151 patients (incidence 21.1 per 1000 patients years) experienced a fatal or non-fatal CVD event during follow-up (p-value = 0.05 for quartiles of SUA, p = 0.002 for quartiles of CRP, p = 0.13 for quartiles of IL-6 in Kaplan-Meier analysis). After adjustment for age, gender and hospital site the hazard ratio (HR) for SUA increased from 1.37 to 1.65 and 2.27 in the second, third, and top quartile, when compared to the bottom one (p for trend <0.0005). The HR for CRP increased from 0.85 to 0.98 and 1.64 in the respective quartiles (p for trend 0.02). After further adjustment for covariates SUA still showed a clear statistically significant relationship with the outcome (p for trend 0.045), whereas CRP did not (p for trend 0.10).

Conclusion

The data suggest that compared to inflammatory markers such as CRP and IL-6 serum uric acid levels may predict future CVD risk in patients with stable CHD with a risk increase even at levels considered normal.     

Exercise Training Attenuates Hypertension and Cardiac Hypertrophy by Modulating Neurotransmitters and Cytokines in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus

Aims

Regular exercise as an effective non-pharmacological antihypertensive therapy is beneficial for prevention and control of hypertension, but the central mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that chronic exercise training (ExT) delays the progression of hypertension and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by up-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) and restoring the neurotransmitters balance in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In addition, we also investigated the involvement of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and NAD(P)H oxidase in exercise-induced effects.

Methods and results

Moderate-intensity ExT was administrated to young normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and SHR rats for 16 weeks. SHR rats had a significant increase in mean arterial pressure and cardiac hypertrophy. SHR rats also had higher levels of glutamate, norepinephrine (NE), phosphorylated IKKβ, NF-κB p65 activity, NAD(P)H oxidase subunit gp91^phox, PICs and the monocyte chemokine protein-1 (MCP-1), and lower levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the PVN. These SHR rats also exhibited higher renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), and higher plasma levels of PICs, and lower plasma IL-10. However, ExT ameliorates all these changes in SHR rats.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that there are the imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters and between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the PVN of SHR rats, which at least partly contributing to sympathoexcitation, hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy; chronic exercise training attenuates hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy by restoring the balances between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters and between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the PVN; NF-κB and oxidative stress in the PVN may be involved in these exercise-induced effects.     

Indices of Metabolic Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress

Metabolic alterations are a key player involved in the onset of Alzheimer disease pathophysiology and, in this review, we focus on diet, metabolic rate, and neuronal size differences that have all been shown to play etiological and pathological roles in Alzheimer disease. Specifically, one of the earliest manifestations of brain metabolic depression in these patients is a sustained high caloric intake meaning that general diet is an important factor to take in account. Moreover, atrophy in the vasculature and a reduced glucose transporter activity for the vessels is also a common feature in Alzheimer disease. Finally, the overall size of neurons is larger in cases of Alzheimer disease than that of age-matched controls and, in individuals with Alzheimer disease, neuronal size inversely correlates with disease duration and positively associates with oxidative stress. Overall, clarifying cellular and molecular manifestations involved in metabolic alterations may contribute to a better understanding of early Alzheimer disease pathophysiology. Special issue dedicated to John P. Blass. Gemma Casadesus and Paula I. Moreira contributed equally to this paper. Aspects of this paper were previously presented in Neurochemical Research 28, 1549–1552, 2003 and the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 1, 203–206, 1999 and were used here with permission.     

Endurance Exercise Diverts the Balance between Th17 Cells and Regulatory T Cells

Endurance, marathon-type exertion is known to induce adverse changes in the immune system. Increased airway hyper-responsiveness and airway inflammation are well documented in endurance athletes and endurance exercise is considered a major risk factor for asthma in elite athletes. Yet, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still to be deduced. We studied the effect of strenuous endurance exercise (marathon and half-ironman triathlon) on CD4+ lymphocyte sub-populations and on the balance between effector and regulatory CD4+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of trained athletes, Endurance exercise induced a significant increase in Th17 cells and a sustained decrease in peripheral blood regulatory T cells (Tregs). While interleukin (IL)-2 levels remained undetectable, post-race serum IL-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF) β levels were significantly elevated. Treg levels in sedentary controls'' decreased in vitro after incubation with athletes'' post-exercise serum, an effect that was attenuated by supplements of IL-2 or anti IL-6 neutralizing antibodies. Our data suggest that exercise-induced changes in serum cytokine levels promote alterations in Tregs and Th17 cell populations, which may divert the subtle balance in the immune system towards inflammation. This may explain allergic and autoimmune phenomena previously reported in endurance athletes and contribute to our understanding of exercise-related asthma.     

八段锦联合心脏运动康复对急性心肌梗死急诊PCI术后患者心功能、运动耐力和生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：观察八段锦联合心脏运动康复对急性心肌梗死（AMI）急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）后患者心功能、运动耐力和生活质量的影响。方法：选择2019年6月~2021年6月期间我院收治的AMI急诊PCI术后患者100例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组（心脏运动康复干预,50例）和观察组（八段锦联合心脏运动康复干预,50例）,观察两组患者心功能、运动耐力及生活质量改善情况,对比两组心脏不良事件发生率。结果：干预后,两组左心室射血分数（LVEF）较干预前升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预后,两组左室舒张末期内径（LVDD）、左室收缩末期内径（LVDS）、B型脑利钠肽（BNP）较干预前下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预后,两组运动持续时间（ED）、峰值摄氧量（VO₂peak）及无氧阈值（AT）较干预前升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预后,两组健康调查简表（SF-36）各维度评分较干预前升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组的心脏不良事件发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：八段锦联合心脏运动康复用于AMI急诊PCI患者的术后干预中,可促进心功能恢复,改善患者的运动耐力及生活质量,同时还可降低心脏不良事件发生率。     

血清趋化素、网膜素-1与银屑病患者炎症细胞因子和代谢综合征的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清趋化素（CHEM）、网膜素-1（Omentin-1）与银屑病患者炎症细胞因子和代谢综合征（MS）的关系。方法：选取2020年1月～2021年1月我院收治的137例银屑病患者,其中40例轻度、58例中度、39例重度,根据是否合并MS分为MS组（n=59）、非MS组（n=78）。收集患者一般资料和实验室指标,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测血清白细胞介素（IL）-17、IL-22、IL-23、CHEM、Omentin-1水平。Pearson/Spearman系数分析银屑病患者血清CHEM、Omentin-1水平与炎症因子水平和病情严重程度的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析银屑病合并MS影响因素。结果：与轻度组比较,中度组、重度组血清CHEM、IL-17、IL-22、IL-23水平升高,Omentin-1水平降低（P＜0.05）;与轻、中度组比较,重度组血清CHEM、IL-17、IL-22、IL-23水平升高,Omentin-1水平降低（P＜0.05）。银屑病患者血清CHEM水平与IL-17、IL-22、IL-23水平和病情严重程度呈正相关（r/rs=0.370、0.471、0.500、0.624,P均＜0.05）;Omentin-1水平与IL-17、IL-22、IL-23水平和病情严重程度呈负相关（r/rs=-0.392、-0.423、-0.475、-0.533,P均＜0.05）。与非MS组比较,MS组血清IL-17、IL-22、IL-23、CHEM水平升高,Omentin-1水平降低（P＜0.05）。CHEM（OR=1.098,95%CI：1.027～1.174,P=0.006）、Omentin-1（OR=0.775,95%CI：0.674～0.891,P=0.001）为银屑病合并MS的影响因素。结论：血清CHEM、Omentin-1水平变化与银屑病患者病情严重程度和炎症反应相关,为银屑病合并MS影响因素,可能作为银屑病合并MS早期监测指标。     

Association between Myocardial Triglyceride Content and Cardiac Function in Healthy Subjects and Endurance Athletes

Ectopic fat accumulation plays important roles in various metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies reported that myocardial triglyceride (TG) content measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) is associated with aging, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac dysfunction. However, myocardial TG content in athletes has not yet been investigated. We performed ¹H-MRS and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in 10 male endurance athletes and 15 healthy male controls. Serum markers and other clinical parameters including arterial stiffness were measured. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was also performed. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics including age, anthropometric parameters, blood test results, or arterial stiffness between the two groups. Peak oxygen uptakes, end–diastolic volume (EDV), end–systolic volume (ESV), left ventricular (LV) mass, peak ejection rates and peak filling rates were significantly higher in the athlete group than in the control group (all P<0.02). Myocardial TG content was significantly lower in the athlete group than in the control group (0.60±0.20 vs. 0.89±0.41%, P<0.05). Myocardial TG content was negatively correlated with EDV (r = −0.47), ESV (r = −0.64), LV mass (r = −0.44), and epicardial fat volume (r = 0.47) (all P<0.05). In conclusion, lower levels of myocardial TG content were observed in endurance athletes and were associated with morphological changes related to physiological LV alteration in athletes, suggesting that metabolic imaging for measurement of myocardial TG content by ¹H-MRS may be a useful technique for noninvasively assessing the “athlete’s heart”.     

Relationship between Irisin Concentration and Serum Cytokines in Mother and Newborn

IntroductionIrisin is considered to be a myokine and adipokine that may also participate in reproductive functions, as it increases significantly throughout pregnancy. However, the regulation of circulating irisin and its relationship with other cytokines has not been assessed thus far in pregnant women and their offspring.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate differences in irisin and cytokine concentrations between women at the end of pregnancy and their offspring, as well as the relationship between maternal and newborn irisin and maternal and newborn biomarkers.MethodsTwenty-eight mother/newborn pairs were included in this study. The following biomarkers were evaluated in maternal venous and arterial umbilical cord blood samples: irisin, 27 cytokine panel, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total plasma protein, and free fatty acid concentration.ResultsThe newborns had significantly lower irisin concentrations compared to their mothers (p = 0.03), but this difference was present only in babies born from mothers without labor prior to cesarean section delivery (p = 0.01). No significant differences in maternal and newborn irisin concentrations were found between diabetic and non-diabetic mothers or between overweight/obese and normal weight mothers. A significant positive correlation was found between TAC level and irisin concentration in newborns. Maternal and newborn interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1RA, IL-5, IL-7, and interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10 levels were significantly positively correlated with irisin concentrations in both study groups. In addition, maternal IL1β, IL-5, IL-7, and IP-10 levels positively predicted maternal irisin concentrations. Furthermore, arterial cord blood TAC and IL-1β and IL1-RA levels positively predicted newborn irisin concentrations. Multiple regression analyses showed that maternal IL-13 negatively predicted offspring irisin levels (p = 0.03) and that maternal IL-1β positively predicted newborn irisin concentrations (p = 0.046).ConclusionNo evidence was found that serum irisin concentrations in mothers at pregnancy termination or those of their newborns correlated with maternal body mass index, the presence of diabetes mellitus, or free fatty acid levels. However, the results of this study indicated that cytokines might predict irisin concentration in mothers and their offspring, although interactions between irisin levels during pregnancy and the newborn have not yet been fully elucidated.     

细胞因子在炎症性肠病中的作用

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一组病因未明的以慢性胃肠道炎症为特征的疾病,包括克罗恩病(Crohn's disease,CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)。细胞因子在IBD肠道炎症反应和黏膜免疫反应中起重要作用,目前已成为研究IBD发病机制的热点,本文就其在IBD中的作用作一综述。     

高血压糖尿病大鼠心脏肾上腺素受体的改变与心功能变化之间的关系

目的:研究高血压糖尿病大鼠心脏肾上腺素受体(AR)的改变与心功能变化之间的关系.方法:采用左肾动脉缩窄和注射链脲佐菌素制高血压糖尿病大鼠模型,放射配体结合实验和离体左心房收缩功能实验等方法观察心脏AR(β-AR和/或α1-AR)及功能的改变.结果:与正常对照相比,高血压糖尿病大鼠心脏β-AR的最大结合容量(Bmax)增加35%(P＜0.01),KD值不变;且心脏α1-AR的Bmax也显著增加(P＜0.05).高血压糖尿病大鼠左心房与对照相比,β-AR介导的最大收缩反应(Rmax)下降48%(P＜0.01),pD2值不变;α1-AR介导的最大收缩反应也降低41%(P＜0.05),pD2值不变.结论:高血压糖尿病大鼠心脏β-AR和/或α1-AR数量代偿性增加,但其介导的最大收缩反应降低,可能与受体后信号转导效应减弱有关.