Chinese Medical Journal

The Chinese Medical Journal (CMJ) is published monthly in English by the Chinese Medical Association,and is a peer reviewed general medical journal for all doctors, researchers, and health workers regardlessof their medical specialty or type of employment. Established in 1887, it is the oldest medical periodicalin China and is distributed worldwide. The Journal functions as a window into China's medical sciencesand reflects the advances and progress in China's medical sciences and technology. It serves the objective ofinternational academic exchange. The Journal includes Original Articles, Editorial, Review Articles, MedicalProgress, Brief Reports, Case Reports, Conference Proceedings, News and Notes. Detailed instruction forsubmission is available on every issue.     

Chinese Medical Journal

The Chinese Medical Journal(CMJ)is published monthly in English by the Chinese Medical Association,and is a peer reviewed general medical Journal for all doctors,researchers,and health workers regardlessof their medical specialty or type of employment.Established in 1887,it is the oldest medical periodical     

Chinese Medical Journal

The Chinese Medical Journal (CMJ) is published monthly in English by the Chinese Medical Association, and is a peer reviewed general medical journal for all doctors, researchers, and health workers regardless of their medical specialty or type of employment. Established in 1887, it is the oldest medical periodical in China and is distributed worldwide. The Journal functions as a window into China's medical sciences and reflects the advances and progress in China's medical sciences and technology. It serves the objective of international academic exchange. The Journal includes Original Articles, Editorial, Review Articles, Medical Progress, Brief Reports, Case Reports, Conference Proceedings, News and Notes. Detailed instruction for submission is available on every issue.     

Chinese Medical Journal

The Chinese Medical Journal (CMJ) is published monthly in English by the Chinese Medical Association, and is a peer reviewed general medical journal for all doctors, researchers, and health workers regardless of their medical specialty or type of employment. Established in 1887, it is the oldest medical periodical in China and is distributed worldwide. The Journal functions as a window into China's medical sciences and reflects the advances and progress in China's medical sciences and technology. It serves the objective of international academic exchange. The Journal includes Original Articles, Editorial, Review Articles, Medical Progress, Brief Reports, Case Reports, Conference Proceedings, News and Notes. Detailed instruction for submission is available on every issue.     

Notes on Chinese Brachytheciaceae (Ⅰ)

In 1929, V. F. Brotherus published eight species and one form of Chinese Brachytheciaceae based on Handel-Mazzetti's collections from Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces of China during 1914～1918. The holotypes of all the taxa mentioned above were studied by the present authors. Three names are newly reduced to synonyms: Brachythecium subcurvatulum≡ Brachythecium velutinum ; Rhynchostegium gracilescens≡ Eu-rhynchium savatieri and Rhynchostegium obsoletinerve≡Herzogiella turfacea.     

Memory enhancement by traditional Chinese medicine?

Abstract

Cognitive repair by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) through activation of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) is well established, but not used for clinical therapy due to its link to cancer. We hypothesize that IGF-IR activation rather than IGF-I per se may be essential for cognitive repair and attempted to identify ligands from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with drug-like potential towards IGF-IR. TCM ligands, 3-(2-carboxyphenyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone from Isatisin digotica, (+)-N-methyllaurotetanine from Lindera aggregate, and (+)-1(R)-Coclaurine from Nelumbonucifera Gaertn, exhibited high binding affinities and good blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration crucial for accessing IGF-IR. Stable complex formation of the candidates was observed during molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Interactions with Leu975 and Gly1055 or Asp1056 were important for ligand binding. Amino acid distance analysis revealed residues 974/975, 984–986, 996–1006, 1040–1056, and 1122–1135 as “hotspots” for ligand binding in IGF-IR. Versatile entry pathways for the TCM candidates suggest high accessibility to the binding site. Blockage of the binding site opening by the TCM candidates limits binding site access by other compounds. Multiple linear regression (R²?=?0.9715), support vector machine (R²?=?0.9084), Bayesian network (R²?=?0.8233) comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA, R²?=?0.9941), and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA, R²?=?0.9877) models consistently suggest that the TCM candidates might exert bioactivity on IGF-IR. Contour of representative MD conformations to CoMFA and CoMSIA maps exhibits similar results. Properties including BBB passage, evidence of ability to form stable complexes with IGF-IR by MD simulation, and predicted bioactivity suggest that the TCM candidates have drug-like properties and might have potential as cognitive-enhancing drugs.

An animated interactive 3D complement (I3DC) is available in Proteopedia at http://proteopedia.org/w/Journal:JBSD:38     

Analyses of Genetic Diversities in Chinese Fresh-water Fishes

1ChromosomalkaryotypesofChinesefresh-waterfishesThevastresourcesofnaturalwaterbodiesinChinaharboravarietyoffishesthathaveevolvedthroughalonghistoryofdiversification.BaseontheestimationmadebyLi(1981),therearemorethan800speciesandsubspeciesoffresh-waterfishesinChina.Mostofthembelongto32familiesin13forms.Theremaining(about60)speciesaremigratoryfishes,be-longingto21familiesin9forms.Approximatelyhalfofallthefishesarethecyprinids--thelargestdistributioncomparingtoothergeographicregionsintheworld.…     

Chinese NGOs in action against HIV/AIDS

Chinese nongovernmental organizations （NGOs） have played a significant role in the battle against AIDS in the People＇s Republic of China. This article provides a brief overview of the structure of these organizations, as well as an analysis of their principle accomplishments. Of great significance in this analysis is the fact that Chinese NGOs have effectively dealt with many sensitive health education areas that government authorities have felt reluctant to handle directly. As such, they have provided an indispensable component in the HIV/AIDS prevention and control calculus on the mainland.     

Treat Alzheimer's disease by traditional Chinese medicine?

Upregulated phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) disrupts the regulation of calcium ion channel in the central nerve system, and hence it is considered as one of the causes of Alzheimer's disease. We employed structure-based drug design techniques and the world's largest traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) database for identifying potential TCM-based PDE4D inhibitors. We then applied multiple linear regression (MLR) and support vector machine (SVM) for quantitative structure–activity relationship model, as well as for molecular dynamics simulation analysis. Screening results suggested that metal cations, Zn²⁺ and Mg²⁺, played key roles in mediating stable protein–ligand interactions with the ligand-binding residues, Asp367 and Asp484. In addition, each ligand was shown to interfere with the active residue His326 that suggested inhibitory effects. The MLR and SVM prediction models further implied the PDE4D inhibitory effect of each TCM compound. The molecular simulation further suggested the binding stability of each compound in the PDE4D binding site. We identified three TCM compounds, such as mumefural, 2-O-feruloyl tartaric acid and kainic acid, as potential PDE4D inhibitors. In addition, we further identified the key interaction features associated with the protein–ligand-binding stabilities.     

Chinese chestnut—A promising new orchard crop

This chestnut, resistant to the annihilating blight of the American species, gives promise, in selected varieties, of providing an American source of edible nuts comparable to those now imported from. Europe and threatened with extermination by the same blight.     

The Second Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Biotechnology

ADVISORJIAORui Shen (J.S .Chao)　　Professor(InstituteofPlantPhysiologyandEcology,ShanghaiInstitutesforBiologicalSciences,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Shanghai2 0 0 0 32 ,China)EDITOR IN CHIEFYANGSheng Li　　Academician(ShanghaiResearchCenterforBiotechnology ,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Shanghai 2 0 0 2 33,China)VICE EDITOR IN CHIEF (alphabetically)FANGRong Xiang　　Academician(InstituteofMicrobiology ,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing 10 0 0 80 ,China)HEFu Chu　　A…     

Xiao-Ping Chen—A leading figure among Chinese surgeons

正Xiao-Ping Chen,male,born in Funan County of China’s eastern Anhui Province in 1953,was considered a reformer and innovator in surgery of the liver,pancreas and biliary system.Through four decades of research and clinical work,he has made remarkable achievements in regards to the treatment of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases and has been elected as a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in2015 because of his outstanding contributions.     

Are Neoclassical Canons Valid for Southern Chinese Faces?

Background

Proportions derived from neoclassical canons, initially described by Renaissance sculptors and painters, are still being employed as aesthetic guidelines during the clinical assessment of the facial morphology.

Objective

1. to determine the applicability of neoclassical canons for Southern Chinese faces and 2. to explore gender differences in relation to the applicability of the neoclassical canons and their variants.

Methodology

3-D photographs acquired from 103 young adults (51 males and 52 females) without facial dysmorphology were used to test applicability of four neoclassical canons. Standard anthropometric measurements that determine the facial canons were made on these 3-D images. The validity of the canons as well as their different variants were quantified.

Principal Findings

The neoclassical cannons seldom applied to these individuals, and facial three-section and orbital canons did not apply at all. The orbitonasal canon was most frequently applicable, with a frequency of 19%. Significant sexual dimorphism was found relative to the prevalence of the variants of facial three-section and orbitonasal canons.

Conclusion

The neoclassical canons did not appear to apply to our sample when rigorous quantitative measurements were employed. Thus, they should not be used as esthetic goals for craniofacial surgical interventions.     

On the nomenclature of Chinese drug “Cangzhu”

This paper is the documentation of specimens and literature reffered to Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. etc. As a result, it is found that, in taxonomy of the genus Atractylodes, what represcents by four long-established names, i. e. Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., A. ovata (Thunb.) DC., A. chinensis (Bunge) Koidz. and A. lyrata Sieb. et Zucc., in fact, is the one and same species. According to the law of priority in nomenclature, the first name should be given to Chinese drug “Cangzhu”, while theother three names have to be treated as its synonyms.     

How Does Word Length Evolve in Written Chinese?

We demonstrate a substantial evidence that the word length can be an essential lexical structural feature for word evolution in written Chinese. The data used in this study are diachronic Chinese short narrative texts with a time span of over 2000-years. We show that the increase of word length is an essential regularity in word evolution. On the one hand, word frequency is found to depend on word length, and their relation is in line with the Power law function y = ax^-b. On the other hand, our deeper analyses show that the increase of word length results in the simplification in characters for balance in written Chinese. Moreover, the correspondence between written and spoken Chinese is discussed. We conclude that the disyllabic trend may account for the increase of word length, and its impacts can be explained in "the principle of least effort".