干旱胁迫对不同玉米自交系苗期渗透调节的影响

以5个抗旱性不同的玉米骨干自交系黄早四、掖478、郑58、旱21、齐319为试验材料,对持续水分胁迫下玉米幼苗的叶片相对含水量、渗透调节能力(OA)、脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫的加重,叶片相对含水量呈现下降的趋势,渗透调节能力和可溶性糖含量呈现先上升后又下降的趋势,脯氨酸含量呈现持续上升的趋势;在持续干旱条件下,不同自交系各个指标的变化幅度不同,说明不同种质资源对干旱胁迫的响应方式不同,渗透调节能力也有差异。在水分胁迫的前7d中,渗透调节能力逐渐增加,第7天时达到最大值,OA从大到小的排列顺序为齐319郑58掖478旱21黄早四;但此后,除旱21外,其余4个自交系的OA都随之下降。旱21和齐319以可溶性糖和脯氨酸为主要的渗透调节因子,黄早四则以脯氨酸为主要的渗透调节物质。     

孑遗濒危植物矮扁桃叶绿体全基因组特征分析及亲缘关系鉴定

对第三纪孑遗濒危植物矮扁桃（Amygdalus nana）叶绿体全基因组进行结构特征分析,并探究其与近缘物种之间的系统进化关系。利用Illumina HiSeq Xten测序技术获取叶绿体全基因组序列,对其进行组装、注释和特征分析。结果表明：①矮扁桃叶绿体全基因组总长度为158 596 bp,其中LSC长度为86 771 bp,SSC长度为19 037 bp,2个IRs均为26 394 bp,为环状四分体结构。共注释130个基因,包括85个PCGs、37个tRNA和8个rRNA。②对6种植物进行IR边界区扩张和收缩分析,发现在4个边界区的基因类型和基因分布情况存在一定差异,并且亲缘关系越紧密差异程度越小。③在矮扁桃叶绿体全基因组中共预测了71个SSRs位点。④系统发育分析结果显示,在扁桃亚属中,矮扁桃在亲缘关系上与蒙古扁桃更近,而与长柄扁桃和榆叶梅的亲缘关系稍远。本研究对矮扁桃叶绿体全基因组进行了深度剖析,并且涉及大量被子植物的叶绿体全基因组资料,为桃属植物之间的进化关系和植物鉴定提供参考依据。     

Identification and characterization of salt-responsive microRNAs in Populus tomentosa by high-throughput sequencing

Salt is one of the main environmental factors limiting plant growth and a better understanding of mechanisms of salt stress would aid efforts to bolster plant salt tolerance. MicroRNAs are well known for their important regulatory roles in response to abiotic stress in plants. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was employed to identify miRNAs in Populus tomentosa plantlets treated or not with salt (200 mM for 10 h). We found 141 conserved miRNAs belonging to 31 families, 29 non-conserved but previously-known miRNAs belonging to 26 families, and 17 novel miRNAs. Under salt stress, 19 miRNAs belonging to seven conserved miRNA families were significantly downregulated, and two miRNAs belonging to two conserved miRNA families were upregulated. Of seven non-conserved miRNAs with significantly altered expression, five were downregulated and two were upregulated. Furthermore, eight miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR and their dynamic differential expressions were analyzed. In addition, 269 target genes of identified miRNAs were predicted and categorized by function. These results provide new insights into salt-responsive miRNAs in Populus.     

一个新矮生玉米种质资源的发现与遗传鉴定

玉米矮生种质资源在育种工作中具有重要的利用价值。2002年在玉米种质资源扩繁与鉴定过程中,从玉米自交系K36中发现一株矮生突变体。随后通过连续自交,获得了纯合一致、稳定的矮生自交系,命名为矮2003。该矮秆材料在北京表现株高62．1cm,植株清秀,茎秆坚硬,结实正常。于不同时期用不同浓度赤霉素处理该材料显示其对赤霉素反应不敏感。矮2003与正常玉米自交系测交F1呈现高秆,F2与BC1高、矮秆分离比例分别符合3：1与1：1,遗传分析表明其矮生性状受一对主效单基因控制,表现为隐性遗传。所携带的矮生基因不同于已报道的玉米Dwarf8等。     

Identification of microRNAs and their targets from Populus euphratica

Populus euphratica is an ideal model system for research into the abiotic stress resistance research of woody plants. Although microRNAs have been found in poplars and have been shown to have diverse biological functions, a majority of them are genus- or specie-specific and few microRNAs have been found in P. euphratica to date. In this study, microRNA cloning and computational expressed sequence tag analysis were used to identify 72 putative miRNA sequences in P. euphratica. These sequences could be classified into 21 families, 12 of which were novel, increasing the number of known poplar microRNA families from 42 to 54. Expression analysis indicated that five P. euphratica microRNAs were induced by dehydration stress. Bioinformatics prediction showed that the 130 target genes are involved in development, resistance to stress, and other cellular processes. These results suggest several roles for miRNAs in the regulatory networks associated with the abiotic stress resistance of tree species.     

Identification and bioinformatics analysis of microRNAs associated with stress and immune response in serum of heat-stressed and normal Holstein cows

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs that have an important regulatory function in animal growth and developmental processes. However, the differential expression of miRNA and the role of these miRNAs in heat-stressed Holstein cows are still unknown. In this study, the profile of differentially expressed miRNAs and the target genes analysis in the serum of heat-stressed and normal Holstein cows were investigated by a Solexa deep-sequencing approach and bioinformatics. The data identified 52 differentially expressed miRNAs in 486 known miRNAs which were changed significantly between heat-stressed and normal Holstein cows (fold change >2, P < 0.001). Target genes analysis showed that at least 7 miRNAs (miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-146a, miR-30a-5p, miR-345-3p, miR-199a-3p, and miR-1246) were involved in the response to stress, oxidative stress, development of the immune system, and immune response among the identified 52 differentially expressed miRNAs. Five miRNAs (miR-27b, miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-26a, and miR-146b) were involved in stress and immune responses and the expression of five miRNAs was striking (P < 0.001). In addition, RT-qPCR and deep-sequencing methods showed that 8 miRNAs among the 12 selected miRNAs (miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-27b, miR-30a-5p, miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-345-3p, and miR-1246) were highly expressed in the serum of heat-stressed Holstein cows. GO and KEGG pathway analysis showed that these differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in a pathway that may differentially regulate the expression of stress response and immune response genes. Our study provides an overview of miRNAs expression profile and the interaction between miRNAs and their target genes, which will lead to further understanding of the important roles of miRNAs in heat-stressed Holstein cows.     

基于RNA-Seq技术的湿加松特定时期产脂差异基因筛选及表达分析

湿加松(Pinus elliottii×P.caribaea)是我国南方重要的脂材兼用树种,为挖掘调控湿加松松脂产量的相关基因,在湿加松的产脂高峰期,选取生长量相近但产脂量显著差异的湿加松植株,采集次生木质部组织进行高通量测序,并结合萜类物质合成、转运通路进行分析。结果显示,测序共产生594 108 382条clean reads,经de novo拼接获得190 514条unigenes,有304个unigene与萜类物质的合成有关。经过差异表达分析,得到414个差异表达unigenes,其中183个上调表达,231个下调表达。利用qRT-PCR技术对筛选的基因进行表达量验证分析,发现细胞色素P450、ABC转运蛋白、双功能松脂醇落叶松醇还原酶(PLR)在高脂树中表达量升高,异戊烯基转移酶表达量在低脂树中表达量较高。本研究丰富了湿加松及松科植物的转录本信息,为进一步研究湿加松松脂产量差异的分子机理奠定了重要基础。     

miRDOA:集数据存储与在线分析于一体的综合型microRNA数据库

miRNA(microRNA)是一类小的非编码RNA,普遍存在于动物、植物等多个物种中,研究表明在原生生物以及病毒中也有miRNA。miRNA在生物的成长、发育、细胞凋亡、神经紊乱、癌症等多个方面都起到至关重要的作用,miRNA还可作为Biomarker应用于癌症等疾病的诊断和治疗。miRDOA (miRNA Database and Online Analysis)数据库存储了二百多个物种的miRNA相关信息,提供了基本的浏览和搜索功能。用户可以通过物种来浏览miRNA相关数据,也可以通过miRNA、靶基因或者序列进行检索。除此之外,miRDOA还提供了在线分析模块,主要对高通量测序数据进行初步分析,在此基础上,添加了靶基因预测、表达谱数据差异分析,以及在线BLAST功能。miRDOA是一个完全免费的开源的数据库网站,并实时更新。     

基于高通量测序的厚唇裸重唇鱼微卫星分子标记筛选

本研究对厚唇裸重唇鱼(Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus)基因组进行Illumina HiSeq高通量测序，共获得85 905条序列，包含567 200个微卫星位点，从中筛选出15个微卫星位点，采用雅砻江新龙种群和黄河渭河种群对其多态性进行了验证。新龙种群中，15个位点的平均等位基因数为6.9(3 ~ 13)，观测杂合度(Ho)为0.712 4，多态信息含量(PIC)为0.630 3，有8个位点显著偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡，1对位点表现出连锁。渭河种群中，15个位点的平均等位基因数为8.4(4 ~ 16)，观测杂合度(Ho)为0.719 5，多态信息含量(PIC)为0.680 7，有7个位点显著偏离了哈迪-温伯格平衡，4对位点表现出连锁。筛选获得的15个微卫星位点多态性较高，适合用于厚唇裸重唇鱼种群遗传学研究。     

High-throughput sequencing of hair follicle development-related micrornas in cashmere goat at various fetal periods

Inner Mongolia cashmere goat marks a precious gerplasm genetic resource due to its excellent cashmere traits. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to investigate the cashmere development mechanism of cashmere goat and to search for the important cashmere growth-related candidate genes. Fetal skin samples at 10 different periods of cashmere goat were collected in this research. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing was conducted on RNA samples from side skin of cashmere goat fetuses collected at three critical periods of skin hair follicle initiation, growth and development (namely, 45, 55 and 65?days) after balanced mix in line with the previous research results. Meanwhile, 3 samples at corresponding periods were used as the biological duplications. Data regarding microRNA and mRNA expression in skin and hair follicles of cashmere goats at various fetal periods were obtained using the high-throughput sequencing method. The results indicated that microRNAs in the oar-let-7 and oar-miR-200 families in 55?days and 66?days of pregnancy samples had been notably up-regulated relative to those in 45?days of pregnancy samples. This revealed that they might be the critical microRNAs in hair follicle development.     

花生ASR基因家族特性及其对干旱和盐胁迫的响应

【目的】探究花生ASR基因家族特性及在干旱和盐胁迫响应中的作用,为花生抗旱抗盐新品种的培育提供潜在的基因位点。【方法】通过生物信息学方法对花生ASR家族进行全基因组水平鉴定以及基本特性分析,并借助转录组数据分析其在200 mmol/L NaCl及模拟干旱PEG处理下的表达变化。【结果】（1）通过分析花生栽培种狮头企参考基因组,鉴定到7个花生ASR基因,pI为5.34~6.98,蛋白脂肪系数为23.77~56.84,GRAVY值均为负值,表明这7个蛋白均是亲水性蛋白;（2）AhASR3与AhASR7基因表达模式相似,转录水平较高,基因结构及蛋白结构域和保守基序的位置和数量较相似,motif 5、6、9仅存在于AhASR3与AhASR7蛋白中;（3）AhASR1、AhASR5及AhASR2的启动子区域有干旱诱导MYB转录因子的结合位点,AhASR1、AhASR2及AhASR4的启动子区发现有ABA响应元件;（4）花生盐胁迫处理转录组分析结果显示AhASR2、AhASR3及AhASR7在200 mmol/L NaCl处理后根部出现较明显转录上调;（5）模拟干旱PEG处理转录组数据分析结果显示AhASR1、AhASR3、AhASR4及AhASR7在PEG处理4 h和8 h后,转录水平出现2倍以上上调。【结论】明确花生ASR家族基因和蛋白的基本特性,并鉴定可能参与盐胁迫和干旱胁迫响应的ASR基因,为进一步培育耐盐耐旱花生品种提供重要的目标基因。     

玉米株型对遗传增益的影响

在相同条件下,以黄淮夏玉米区60-90年代10个玉米单交种为样本,研究了玉米产量遗传增益及株型性状的改良趋势。结果表明:(1)玉米单交种产量的遗传增益为68.98%;(2)6个株型性状的遗传改良效应依次为:叶向值>叶角>穗位高>穗位/株高>株高>单株叶面积;(3)叶向值、穗位高的显著改良提高了玉米的耐密、耐肥和抗倒伏等群体适应性,而影响单株籽粒产量的单株叶面积和株高等性状的遗传改良进展不大。 Abstract:Experiments in 1994 and 1995 were conducted to inrestigate the effects of hybrid maize on grain production in Huang Huaisummer maize area and the improvement trend in plant-type traits.The value of genetic gain of hybrid on grain production was 68.98 percent from 1963 to 1989.The effects of genetic gain on six plant-type traits showed as follows:leaf direction>leaf angle>height of ear-seat>ratio of ear-seat to plant height>plant height>leaf area.The significant improvements of leaf direction and height of ear-seat may enhance the tolerance capacity of hybrid maize to closely planting,high fertilization and plant-lodging.The progress,however,in improving leaf area and plant height for increasing grain production was not significant.In this article,the scheme on maize improvement in China is briefly discussed.     

玉米AGPase基因启动子的克隆及鉴定

以玉米基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR技术扩增得到了腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶AGPase基因编码区上游1912 bp的启动子(AGPasep)序列.该序列包含TATA-box,CAAT-box等一些高等植物特有的启动子基本核心序列,推断其为一种新的启动子.为了验证该序列是否具有启动子功能,构建了含有此序列的植物表达载体pCAM-AGPasep,通过农杆菌介导法转化玉米愈伤组织进行瞬时表达.GUS染色结果表明,该序列可以驱动GUS基因的表达,具有启动子功能.