鹅源新城疫病毒ZJI株基因组cDNA克隆的序列修饰

将鹅源新城疫病毒ZJI株全基因组cDNA克隆通过酶切切下包含T7启动子区域和转录载体的片段,将其自身环化后获得约6．5kb的质粒。设计引物,利用基因定点突变技术,在此质粒上T7启动子与NDV Leader序列之间突变插入额外的3个G碱基,将此突变最终引入到原基因组cDNA克隆中。应用RT—PCR技术从尿囊液中扩增NDV基因组F／HN基因区域部分片段,利用限制性内切酶BsmBI将扩增片段连接,最终将原cDNA克隆中相应片段替换下。测序结果表明,原基因组cDNA克隆中特定位置碱基插入突变成功,F／HN基因区域碱基突变均得以纠正。以上cDNA克隆的修饰与替换为该毒株的反向遗传研究打下了基础。     

Rescue and preliminary application of a recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing green fluorescent protein gene

Based on the complete genome sequence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) ZJI strain, seven pairs of primers were designed to amplify a cDNA fragment for constructing the plasmid pNDV/ZJI, which contained the full-length cDNA of the NDV ZJI strain. The pNDV/ZJI, with three helper plasmids, pCIneoNP, pCIneoP and pCIneoL, were then cotransfected into BSR-T7/5 cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase. After inoculation of the transfected cell culture supernatant into embryonated chicken eggs from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) flock, an infectious NDV ZJI strain was successfully rescued. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was amplified and inserted into the NDV full-length cDNA to generate a GFP-tagged recombinant plasmid pNDV/ZJIGFP. After cotransfection of the resultant plasmid and the three support plasmids into BSR-T7/5 cells, the recombinant NDV, NDV/ZJIGFP, was rescued. Specific green fluorescence was observed in BSR-T7/5 and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells 48h post-infection, indicating that the GFP gene was expressed at a relatively high level. NDV/ZJIGFP was inoculated into 10-day-old SPF chickens by oculonasal route. Four days post-infection, strong green fluorescence could be detected in the kidneys and tracheae, indicating that the recombinant GFP-tagged NDV could be a very useful tool for analysis of NDV dissemination and pathogenesis.     

Rescue and Preliminary Application of a Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein Gene

Based on the complete genome sequence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) ZJI strain, seven pairs of primers were designed to amplify a cDNA fragment for constructing the plasmid pNDV/ZJI, which contained the full-length cDNA of the NDV ZJI strain. The pNDV/ZJI, with three helper plasmids, pCIneoNP, pCIneoP and pCIneoL, were then cotransfected into BSR-T7/5 cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase. After inoculation of the transfected cell culture supernatant into embryonated chicken eggs from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) flock, an infectious NDV ZJI strain was successfully rescued. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was amplified and inserted into the NDV full-length cDNA to generate a GFP-tagged recombinant plasmid pNDV/ZJIGFP. After cotransfection of the resultant plasmid and the three support plasmids into BSR-T7/5 cells, the recombinant NDV, NDV/ZJIGFP, was rescued. Specific green fluorescence was observed in BSR-T7/5 and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells 48h post-infection, indicating that the GFP gene was expressed at a relatively high level. NDV/ZJIGFP was inoculated into 10-day-old SPF chickens by oculonasal route. Four days post-infection, strong green fluorescence could be detected in the kidneys and tracheae, indicating that the recombinant GFP-tagged NDV could be a very useful tool for analysis of NDV dissemination and pathogenesis.     

用反向遗传技术致弱基因VIId型鹅源新城疫病毒ZJI株

将新城疫病毒ZJI株基因组cDNA全长分成7个片段,依次连接并克隆至TVT7R转录载体中,构建了含ZJI株全基因组cDNA的转录载体(pNDV/ZJI),pNDV/ZJI与3个辅助表达质粒pCI-NP、pCI-P和pCI-L共转染BSR-T7/5细胞,成功拯救出了具有感染性的新城疫病毒粒子。设计两对引物,经overlapPCR方法将该毒株F蛋白裂解位点的112、115和117位碱性氨基酸突变成弱毒株特征的非碱性氨基酸后,替换pNDV/ZJI上的对应序列,构建了转录载体pNDV/ZJIFM,将pNDV/ZJIFM与3个辅助表达质粒共转染BSR-T7/5细胞,成功拯救出了致弱的基因VIId型鹅源新城疫病毒NDV/ZJIFM,获救病毒的鸡胚最小致死剂量平均死亡时间(MDT)大于120h,同时该病毒的脑内接种致病指数(ICPI)为0.16,上述结果表明,获救病毒的毒力已被致弱,是一个较为理想的疫苗候选株。     

利用反向遗传操作技术产生ZJI株鹅源新城疫病毒

利用反向遗传操作技术,将ZJI株鹅源新城疫病毒全基因组cNDA克隆(NDV3GM122)和含该毒株NP、P及L基因的3个表达载体(pCI-NP、pCI-P与pCI-L)共转染BSR-T7/5细胞;同时,将NDV3GM122与含新城疫病毒La Sota毒株NP、P及L基因的3个表达载体(pCIneoNP、pCIneoP与pCIneoL)进行共转染。通过间接免疫荧光实验(Indiectimmunofluorescence assay,IFA)以及接种鸡胚后进行血凝(Hemagglutinin,HA)与血凝抑制(Hemagglutinininhibition,HI)试验、RT-PCR扩增和电镜观察,结果均证实全基因组cDNA克隆NDV3GM122与La Sota毒株表达载体共转染组产生了有血凝性的鹅源新城疫病毒,而NDV3GM122与ZJI株表达载体共转染组暂未检测到有血凝性的病毒。ZJI株鹅源新城疫病毒的拯救成功为对该病毒进行功能基因组研究和疫苗的研制等后续工作打下了基础。     

新城疫病毒ZJ1株F蛋白裂解位点突变对其融合活性的影响

新城疫病毒ZJ1毒株是近年来在我国水禽中流行并能引起水禽严重发病和死亡的强毒株,其F蛋白裂解位点有多个碱性氨基酸分布。将该毒株F蛋白裂解位点的112、115和117位碱性氨基酸突变成弱毒株特征的非碱性氨基酸,构建了重组表达质粒pCI-FT。分别将突变前后的F蛋白与该毒株的HN蛋白在COS-1细胞共表达,表明突变前后的F蛋白均有融合活性;分别将突变前后的F蛋白与该毒株的HN蛋白在CEF细胞共表达,表明突变后F蛋白被裂解的活性大大降低。以上研究为下一步在全长cDNA克隆水平上对F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸序列进行相应突变,研究毒力相关因素以及构建毒力致弱疫苗株等奠定基础。     

Cloning and characterization of a pectate lyase gene from the soft-rotting bacterium Pseudomonas viridiflava.

Pseudomonas viridiflava is a soft-rotting pathogen of harvested vegetables that produces an extracellular pectate lyase (PL) responsible for maceration of plant tissue. A pel gene encoding PL was cloned from the genome of strain SJ074 and efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli. After a series of deletion subclonings and analysis by transposon mutagenesis, the pel gene was located in a 1.2-kb PstI-BglII genomic fragment. This fragment appears to contain a promoter at the PstI end required for pel gene expression. The PL produced by pectolytic E. coli clones is identical to those produced by strain SJ074 and by other strains of P. viridiflava in terms of molecular weight (42 kDa) and pI (9.7). A mutant of strain SJ074, designated MEI, which had Tn5 specifically inserted in the pel locus was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. The MEI mutant produced 70- to 100-fold less PL than the wild type and failed to cause tissue maceration in plants. PL production and soft-rot pathogenicity in MEI and in a Pel- mutant previously isolated from strain SF312 were restored to the wild-type level by complementation in trans with the cloned pel gene. By using the 1.2-kb fragment as a probe, pel homologs were detected in four bacteria that are pathologically unrelated to P. viridiflava. These include three pathovars of P. syringae (pv. lachrymans, pv. phaseolicola, and pv. tabaci) and Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum. No DNA fragments showing homology to pel of P. viridiflava were detected in genomic digests prepared from two strains of soft-rot erwinias.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Loss of N-linked glycosylation from the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein alters virulence of Newcastle disease virus

The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an important determinant of its virulence. We investigated the role of each of the four functional N-linked glycosylation sites (G1 to G4) of the HN glycoprotein of NDV on its pathogenicity. The N-linked glycosylation sites G1 to G4 at residues 119, 341, 433, and 481, respectively, of a moderately pathogenic NDV strain Beaudette C (BC) were eliminated individually by site-directed mutagenesis on a full-length cDNA clone of BC. A double mutant (G12) was also created by eliminating the first and second glycosylation sites at residues 119 and 341, respectively. Infectious virus was recovered from each of the cDNA clones of the HN glycoprotein mutants, employing a reverse genetics technique. There was a greater delay in the replication of G4 and G12 mutant viruses than in the parental virus. Loss of glycosylation does not affect the receptor recognition by HN glycoprotein of NDV. The neuraminidase activity of G4 and G12 mutant viruses and the fusogenicity of the G4 mutant virus were significantly lower than those of the parental virus. The fusogenicity of the double mutant virus (G12) was significantly higher than that of the parental virus. Cell surface expression of the G4 virus HN was significantly lower than that of the parental virus. The antigenic reactivities of the mutants to a panel of monoclonal antibodies against the HN protein indicated that removal of glycosylation from the HN protein increased (G1, G3, and G12) or decreased (G2 and G4) the formation of antigenic sites, depending on their location. In standard tests to assess virulence in chickens, all of the glycosylation mutants were less virulent than the parental BC virus, but the G4 and G12 mutants were the least virulent.     

新城疫病毒V_4株NP基因的克隆、序列测定及真核表达载体的构建

研究新城疫病毒 ( NDV)核衣壳蛋白基因的生物学作用 ,以提纯的 NDV V4 株基因组 RNA为模板 ,化学合成 NP基因的特异核苷酸引物 ,RT- PCR扩增 NP基因 c DNA,得到一条 1 .5kb的DNA带 ,与 NDV NP基因大小一致 ,平端连接克隆到 p UC1 1 9质粒中 .阳性克隆经酶切鉴定及序列分析表明已获得新城疫病毒 V4 株 NP基因克隆 .将 NDV V4 株 NP基因碱基序列与已发表的NDV Beaudettec C株、La Sota株、D2 6株的 NP基因的碱基序列比较 ,同源性分别为 90 .64%、90 .1 7%、98.0 3% ,氨基酸序列差异率是 4.50 %、5.93%、2 .45% .NDV V4 株 NP基因与已发表的NDV Beaudettec C株、La Sota株、D2 6株的 NP基因有所不同 ,但具有高度同源性 .将 NDV V4 株NP基因 c DNA克隆到 pc DNA3 真核表达载体中 ,构建表达 NP蛋白真核质粒     

麻疹病毒全长cDNA构建及其感染性的研究

为发展新型疫苗和改造目前使用的麻疹病毒疫苗,以麻疹病毒疫苗株为模板,构建了具有感染性的麻疹病毒cDNA克隆.用RT-PCR分6段扩增出麻疹病毒全长基因,通过酶切、拼接构建麻疹病毒疫苗株CC-47的全长正链cDNA序列,并精确地置于T7启动子控制下与丁型肝炎病毒核酶序列之前.克隆麻疹病毒CC-47株蛋白N、P、L编码区质粒并置于T7启动子控制下,用4个质粒共转染哺乳动物细胞,在表达T7 RNA聚合酶的重组痘苗病毒VTF7-3的作用下进行病毒拯救.经免疫荧光、PCR等方法检测证实,获得了具有感染性的麻疹病毒.所拯救的病毒在哺乳动物细胞连续传3代后,仍能检出病毒抗原和核酸.     

CMV与T7启动子对仙台病毒微小基因组拯救效率的比较

构建一种以分泌型荧光素酶基因(Gluc)作为报告基因的仙台病毒BB1株微小基因组质粒,比较了CMV启动子与T7启动子对仙台病毒微小基因组的拯救效率。首先设计并合成锤头状核酶序列,仙台病毒trailer、L基因非编码区、N基因非编码区和leader序列以及丁型肝炎病毒核酶序列,插入含有CMV和T7双启动子的质粒pVAX1中,获得仙台微小基因组的通用型载体pVAX-miniSeV。将Gluc基因插入pVAX-miniSeV中,分别获得正向插入的仙台病毒微小基因组载体pVAX-miniSeV-Gluc(+)和反向插入的pVAX-miniSeV-Gluc(-)。用pVAX-miniSeV-Gluc(+)转染BHK21细胞能在上清中检测到高水平的Gluc活性,表明其中的CMV启动子具有正常转录功能。将pVAX-miniSeVGluc(-)和仙台病毒N、P、L蛋白表达质粒共转染BSR T7/5细胞(稳定表达T7RNA聚合酶的BHK-21细胞)检测到Gluc的高效表达,表明pVAX-miniSeV-Gluc(-)能够被有效拯救;但在BHK-21细胞中却未检测到Gluc的有效表达,提示该载体中的CMV启动子对仙台病毒微小基因组的拯救效率可能没有明显作用。为了进一步了解CMV与T7启动子各自对于仙台病毒微小基因组拯救的作用,本研究又构建了单独含有CMV或T7启动子的仙台病毒微小基因组载体pCMV-miniSeV-Gluc(-)和pT7-miniSeV-Gluc(-)。将这两种载体和仙台病毒N、P、L蛋白表达质粒分别共转染BSR T7/5细胞,结果pT7-miniSeV-Gluc(-)共转染组检测到了Gluc的高效表达,而pCMV-miniSeV-Gluc(-)共转染组未检测到,证实了通用型载体pVAX-miniSeV中仅T7启动子对仙台病毒微小基因组的拯救起了关键作用,而CMV启动子作用不明显。本研究成功构建了一种通用型双启动子仙台病毒微小基因组载体pVAX-miniSeV,并证明了T7启动子系统对仙台病毒微小基因组拯救的关键作用。本研究为下一步构建仙台病毒全基因感染性克隆打下了基础。