Effects of intercropping with persimmon on the rhizosphere environment of tea

The rhizosphere environment of tea (Camellia sinensis Kuntze) intercropped with persimmon (Diospyros kaki) differs from monocultures of tea. A trial was conducted to determine the effects of intercropping with persimmon on root exudates and soil nutrient condition of tea. Amino acid exuded in intercropping was three times higher than that in monoculture. Phenol, phenol/amino acid ration, dissolved sugar, and total organic acid were also lower in intercropping. The value of pH in soil was higher, and soil nutrient condition of rhizosphere, especially available nutrient, was not as well in intercropping as that in tea grown alone. While soil nutrient of non-rhizosphere was better than that in monoculture, tea quality and soil nutrient condition were better in intercropping ecosystem. __________ Translated from Journal of Southwest China Normal University (Natural Science), 2005, 30(4): 715–718 [译自: 西南师范大学学报 (自然科学版), 2005, 30(4): 715–718]     

西北半干旱区紫花苜蓿-小黑麦间作对根际土壤养分和细菌群落的影响

我国西北半干旱区土地贫瘠,土壤pH和碳酸盐含量高,容易形成盐碱地,抑制土壤微生物活性,导致土壤养分匮乏。为了改善西北干旱地区土壤健康状况,本研究通过连续3年田间试验,探讨了紫花苜蓿-小黑麦间作对根际土壤养分和根际土壤细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明: 根际土壤中,间作紫花苜蓿有机质含量显著大于单作紫花苜蓿,而pH及速效钾含量显著低于单作紫花苜蓿;间作小黑麦有机质、碱解氮、有效磷及速效钾含量均显著大于单作小黑麦。细菌序列数、种群分类单元(OTU)、丰富度和多样性均表现为间作大于单作。在门水平上,变形菌门和拟杆菌门分别占总分类单元的31.1%～33.4%和22.4%～32.2%,且间作下拟杆菌门比例高于单作。放线菌门数量在单作下显著大于间作,酸杆菌门数量在小黑麦间作下显著大于单作,疣微菌门数量在紫花苜蓿间作下显著大于单作。在属水平上,噬冷菌属、黄杆菌属、Gp6和Chryseolinea数量均表现为单作大于间作,纤维弧菌属相反。相关性分析表明,变形菌门、拟杆菌门与pH呈显著负相关,拟杆菌门与有机质、全氮、碱解氮呈显著正相关;而绿弯菌门、浮霉菌、酸杆菌门、疣微菌门和芽单胞菌门与有机质和碱解氮呈显著负相关。紫花苜蓿-小黑麦间作是改善西北半干旱区土壤的一种有效措施。     

桑树根际土壤微生物对间作和施氮的响应

利用Biolog-Ecoplate^TM结合主成分与冗余分析法,研究与苜蓿间作和施氮对桑树根际土壤微生物功能多样性及其与环境因子的影响.结果表明: 与单作无氮相比,单作施氮和间作(无氮和施氮)明显降低桑树根际土壤pH值,显著提高有机质含量、有效氮、含水量和过氧化物酶、脲酶的活性.同时,单作施氮和间作(无氮和施氮)提高了桑树根际土壤微生物的AWCD值、多样性指数和利用碳源比例,且间作施氮增加其提高的程度.主成分分析表明,施氮和间作改变了根际土壤微生物利用碳源强度和种类,其中单作施氮和与间作无氮处理的碳源利用情况相似,但后者对衣康酸和D-葡糖胺酸的利用率(>4%)显著高于前者.冗余分析表明,单作无氮桑树根际土壤微生物多样性与土壤多酚氧化酶活性呈正相关,与土壤含水量呈负相关.单作施氮与间作无氮处理的桑树根际微生物多样性与土壤pH值和含水量呈显著正相关,与土壤氮素营养呈负相关.间作施氮处理的桑树根际微生物多样性与土壤氮素营养呈正相关,而与土壤pH值呈显著负相关.     

玉米/花生间作对土壤微生物和土壤养分状况的影响

通过大田试验,研究了玉米/花生间作对玉米和花生根区土壤微生物和土壤养分状况的影响.结果表明：与单作相比,间作能显著提高玉米和花生根区的土壤细菌数量;间作花生根区土壤真菌和放线菌数量与单作无显著差异;间作玉米根区土壤真菌和放线菌数量比单作明显提高;间作作物根区微生物群落功能多样性和代谢活性比单作有所改善.玉米/花生间作不同程度提高了整个间作系统根区的土壤碱解氮、速效磷、有机质含量及EC值,其中,间作玉米根区土壤养分的增加更为明显,说明玉米/花生间作可以较明显地改善两种作物根区的微生物和养分状况,土壤微生态环境的改善又会促进作物地上部的生长.     

间作对植株生长及养分吸收和根际环境的影响

通过盆栽实验研究了线辣椒和玉米间作对其植株生长、矿质养分吸收、根际环境以及铁载体分泌的影响,以探索间作促进铁、磷等养分吸收利用的可能生理机制.结果表明:(1)与单作相比,间作线辣椒地上部干重降低23.0%,根系干重增加44.2%,玉米地上部和根系的干重分别增加8.7%和22.9%;间作线辣椒根冠比和根系活力分别显著提高86.4%和29.8%;间作线辣椒、玉米叶绿素含量分别显著提高12.6%和7.8%.(2)与单作相比,间作线辣椒的铁、锌、锰含量分别增加1.50倍、1.39倍和1.34%,而间作玉米则无显著变化;间作线辣椒和玉米的钙含量都显著低于相应单作,氮含量没有显著变化,但磷、钾含量显著增加.(3)间作线辣椒和玉米的根际土、非根际土的酸性磷酸酶活性及根系酸性磷酸酶活性都显著高于相应单作,而其根际土和非根际土的pH值无显著变化;间作玉米根系的铁载体分泌比单作减少32.8%,间作线辣椒根系的铁还原酶活性是单作的1.10倍.研究发现,线辣椒/玉米间作能通过影响根际生物学特征和化学过程提高植株的铁、锌、磷和钾养分水平,缓解养分胁迫,是一种很有推广价值的种植模式.     

Peanut/maize intercropping induced changes in rhizosphere and nutrient concentrations in shoots.

A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the rhizosphere effects on iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) nutrition in peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.) by intercropping them with maize (Zea mays L.). In addition, we studied the release of phytosiderophores and the ferric reductase activity of roots, pH and acid phosphatases in the rhizosphere and bulk soil, and the secretion of acid phosphatases in roots. Our results revealed that shoot yields of peanut and maize plants were decreased by intercropping the plants, as compared to monocultured plants. Growing peanut plants in a mixture with maize, enhanced the shoot concentrations of Fe and Zn nearly 2.5-fold in peanut, while the Mn concentrations of peanut were little affected by intercropping. In the case of maize, the shoot concentrations of Fe, Zn and Mn were not significantly affected by intercropping with peanut. Intercropping also improved the shoot K concentration of peanut and maize, while it negatively affected the Ca concentration. In the intercropping of peanut/maize, the acid phosphatase activity of the rhizosphere and bulk soil and root secreted acid phosphatases were significantly higher than that of monocultured peanut and maize. In accordance, the shoot P concentrations of peanut and maize plants were much higher when they were intercropped with peanut or maize, respectively. The rhizosphere and bulk soil pH values were not clearly affected by different cropping systems. When compared to their monoculture treatments, the secretion of phytosiderophore from roots and the root ferric reducing capacity of the roots were either not affected or increased by 2-fold by the intercropping, respectively. The results indicate the importance of intercropping systems as a promising management practice to alleviate Fe deficiency stress. Intercropping also contributes to better nutrition of plants with Zn, P and K, most probably by affecting biological and chemical process in the rhizosphere.     

烟蒜轮作与套作对烤烟产量及根际土壤磷组分的影响

通过大田小区试验,研究烟蒜轮作、套作对烤烟产量和土壤不同形态磷的影响.结果表明： 烟蒜轮作、套作下烤烟产量和上中等烟比例较烤烟单作显著提高,下部叶成熟期根际土壤有效磷含量分别是烤烟单作的1.3和1.7倍.不同种植方式根际和非根际土壤无机磷组分含量均以O-P和Fe-P含量最高,Ca₂-P和Al-P次之,Ca₈-P和Ca₁₀ -P含量最低.与烤烟单作和烟蒜套作处理相比,烟蒜轮作在上部叶成熟期根际土壤Ca₂-P含量最低,Ca₈-P在下部叶成熟期含量最低,Ca₁₀-P含量在中部叶成熟期最低.烟蒜轮作和套作在下部叶成熟期和中部叶成熟期根际土壤Al-P含量分别是烤烟单作的1.6和1.9倍、1.2和1.9倍.烟蒜轮作和套作根际土壤O-P含量均显著低于烤烟单作.烟蒜轮作较烟蒜套作更能活化土壤中难溶的O-P、Ca₁₀-P和高稳性有机磷,提高烤烟产量和中上等烟比例.     

间作栽培对连作马铃薯根际土壤微生物群落的影响

连作严重影响了作物的产量和品质,而土壤微生物群落结构与功能对土壤生态系统和植物健康至关重要。以连作10a土壤为基质,单作马铃薯为对照,采用磷脂脂肪酸(Phospholipid fatty acids)、BIOLOGA技术和真菌形态学鉴定方法,研究了玉米、蚕豆与马铃薯间作模式下土壤微生物群落结构、功能和丛植菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal)真菌对土壤环境变化的响应。结果表明:间作调控下,马铃薯根际土壤微生物主要类群结构发生显著改变;玉米间作马铃薯,土壤微生物群落总生物量降低,但群落功能多样性提高,促进了以羧酸类、多聚化合物、芳香类化合物、氨基酸类化合物为碳源的微生物类群代谢活性增强;蚕豆间作增加了土壤微生物总生物量,仅促进了以碳水化合物为碳源的微生物类群代谢活性。间作改变了作物根际土壤AM真菌的种、属数,AM真菌多样性降低,优势种由明球囊霉、地球囊霉转变为玉米间作体系里的福摩萨球囊霉、球泡球囊霉;蚕豆间作体系里福摩萨球囊霉和疣状无梗囊霉是优势种。间作栽培下AM真菌优势种群的变化可能受植物间的共生关系、微生物结构与功能等因素的制约。间作条件下,玉米显著影响了马铃薯根际土壤微生物群落功能多样性,而蚕豆则显著改变了微生物群落结构多样性;玉米、蚕豆对马铃薯根际土壤微生物群落功能与结构变化的影响不同步;间作调控后持续的土壤微生物群落结构与功能观察才有助于解释土壤微生物结构变化引起的功能响应。     

Effect of peanut mixed cropping with gramineous species on micronutrient concentrations and iron chlorosis of peanut plants grown in a calcareous soil

To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of improvement of iron nutrition of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) intercropped with maize (Zea mays L.) in calcareous soil, both greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate the rhizosphere (phytosiderophores) effects from maize, barley, oats and wheat with different phytosiderophores release rates on iron nutrition and other micronutrients in calcareous soil. Six cropping treatments were examined in a greenhouse experiment: peanut grown separately in monoculture, normal peanut/maize intercropping (two genotypes: Danyu13, Zhongdan12), peanut/barley intercropping, peanut/oats intercropping, and peanut/wheat intercropping. Additionally, we investigated in a field experiment the same five cropping systems as the greenhouse experiment (maize/peanut intercropping not including Zhongdan12). Our results show that the chlorophyll and active Fe concentrations in the young leaves of the peanut in the intercropping system with different gramineous species were much higher than those of the peanut in monoculture. In greenhouse conditions, the Fe concentration in the shoots of peanut plants grown in the intercropping systems of two maize genotypes separately were 1.40–1.44, 1.47–1.64 and 1.15–1.42 times higher respectively than those of peanut plants grown in monocropping at 55, 60 and 70 days. In particular, the Fe concentration in shoots of peanut plants grown in the intercropping systems of barley, oats and wheat were not only higher than those in monocropping but also higher than those in peanut intercropped cropping with maize. In the field, the concentration of Fe in shoot of intercropped peanut plants in rows 1–3 from gramineous species were significantly higher than in monocropping at the flowering stage. Simultaneously with iron nutrition variation in peanut, Zn and Cu concentrations of intercropped grown peanut increased significantly compared to those in monocropping in the greenhouse experiment, and different intercropping treatments generally increased the Zn and Cu content in the shoot of peanut in the field. Systemic mechanisms may be involved in adaptation to nutrient stresses at the whole plant level. The study suggests that a reasonable intercropping system of nutrient efficient species should be considered to prevent or mitigate iron and zinc deficiency of plants in agricultural practice.     

氮和土著AMF对黄瓜间作土壤酶活性及氮利用的影响

设施土壤氮（N）肥的大量不合理施用和高残留是导致作物硝态N含量超标和农业面源污染的主要因素之一。研究土著丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF）与间作体系强化蔬菜对不同形态N的利用并结合土壤酶活性的反馈作用,可为设施土壤N素的高效利用和降低土壤N残留提供依据。本研究采用盆栽试验,设置黄瓜单作和黄瓜//大豆间作种植模式,不同AMF处理[不接种（NM）、接种土著AMF]和不同形态N处理[不施N（N0）、有机N（谷氨酰胺120mg/kg,ON120）、无机N（碳酸氢铵120mg/kg,ION120）],探讨了设施条件下施用不同形态N、接种土著AMF与间作大豆对黄瓜根围土壤酶活性及氮利用的影响。结果表明,与NM相比,接种土著AMF使设施黄瓜地上部、根系生物量及植株N吸收量均有不同程度的增加,根围土壤NH₄ ⁺-N、NO₃ ^--N含量呈现降低趋势。同一N处理-土著AMF条件下,间作大豆处理下的黄瓜根系菌根侵染率显著高于单作处理;间作大豆也使黄瓜植株地上部、根系生物量及N吸收量显著增加,同时显著降低了根围土壤铵态N含量。此外,间作-土著AMF条件下,ON120和ION120处理的黄瓜根围土壤脲酶活性较N0处理分别提高了30%和14%,蛋白酶和硝酸还原酶活性也呈现出相同趋势。可见,所有复合处理中,以间作体系接种土著AMF与施用适量有机N的组合明显促进了设施黄瓜生长和N素利用率。     

辽西北沙地苹果-大豆间作对土壤养分和微生物量分布的影响

为了解辽西北沙地果农间作系统中土壤养分及微生物量分布特征,选取研究区具有代表性的苹果(Malus pumila)-大豆(Glycine max)间作系统为研究对象,对间作系统0～60 cm 土层、0～300 cm水平距离范围内的土壤养分和微生物量进行了测定,并与大豆单作、苹果单作进行对比.结果表明:辽西北沙地苹果与大豆...     

麦棉套作棉花根际非根际土壤微生物和土壤养分

在麦棉套作栽培模式下,设置不隔根、纱网隔根和塑膜隔根3种麦棉套种方式,研究麦棉套作对棉花根际和非根际土壤微生物数量、活性和土壤养分（全氮、有效磷和速效钾）含量的影响,结果表明：麦棉套作有利于棉花根际与非根际土壤细菌的增殖,盛蕾期不隔根处理棉花根际土壤与非根际土壤细菌数量分别是塑膜隔根处理的2.57和2.81倍.但麦棉套作不利于土壤真菌和放线菌的增殖.细菌在土壤微生物区系中占99.9%.所以,麦棉套作显著提高了棉花土壤微生物数量,同时也增强了微生物活性.麦棉共处期纱网隔根处理棉花土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量显著高于不隔根处理和塑膜隔根处理,证明麦棉套作系统中小麦根系分泌物与脱落物的存在对棉花土壤养分含量的增加有明显的促进作用,即存在种间营养补偿效应.而共处期不隔根处理套作棉土壤养分含量总体上显著低于隔根处理的现象则反映出小麦根系对棉花土壤养分的竞争作用大于其对棉花土壤养分的促进作用.小麦收获后,小麦根系对棉花养分的竞争作用解除,不隔根处理棉花土壤养分含量显著高于塑膜隔根和纱网隔根处理.     

Effects of intercropping sugarcane and soybean on growth, rhizosphere soil microbes, nitrogen and phosphorus availability

The effects of sugarcane plantation intercropped with soybean on plant growth, yield, enzyme activity, nitrogen and phosphorus contents, the microbe quantity of rhizosphere soil were investigated. Results showed that dry weight of biomass and yield under sugarcane/soybean intercropping were increased by 35.44 and 30.57 % for sugarcane, and decreased by 16.12 and 9.53 % (100-grain weight) for soybean, respectively. The nitrogenase activity of intercropping soybean nodule was significantly increased by 57.4 % as compared with that in monoculture models. The urease activities of intercrops sugarcane and soybean were promoted by 89 and 81 % as compared to that of the monoculture models, respectively. The effective nitrogen and phosphorus contents of rhizospheric soil of intercrops sugarcane and soybean were increased by 66 and 311.7 %, respectively, as compared to those in the monoculture system. Microbe number of rhizosphere soil in the intercropping pattern increased significantly as compared to those in the monoculture models. The quantities of bacteria, fungi, and actinomyces increased by 42.62, 14.5 and 78.5 % in the intercropping sugarcane, while the intercropping soybean increased by 188, 183 and 73 %, respectively. Therefore, growing sugarcanes in combination with soybean can be considered a good agriculture management practice, helping to promote plant growth, yield and increase soil nutrients.     

玉米与籽粒苋不同种植模式下植物生长及Cd累积特征

为实现Cd污染农田边生产边修复的目标,采用田间原位修复的方式,将玉米与籽粒苋在Cd污染农田中以5种不同的间作模式种植: 交替宽窄行玉米宽行间作单行籽粒苋(T₁)、交替宽窄行玉米宽行间作双行籽粒苋(T₂)、等行距双行玉米间作单行籽粒苋(T₃)、等行距双行玉米间作双行籽粒苋(T₄)、玉米/籽粒苋等4行距间作(T₅),并以玉米(CK₁)和籽粒苋(CK₂)单作种植作为对照,探究不同间作结构配置对作物与超富集植物生长及Cd累积特征的影响.结果表明: 1)与CK₁相比,各间作模式单株玉米的籽粒产量呈增加趋势;T₁间作模式玉米的籽粒产量较CK₁增加10.5%,T₄和T₅间作模式玉米的籽粒产量较CK₁分别减少6.3%和5.4%,T₂和T₃间作模式基本稳产;间作籽粒苋地上部单株生物量及单位面积产量较CK₂分别显著减少69.5%～95.7%和83.9%～96.9%. 2)各间作模式玉米籽粒Cd含量较CK₁呈减少趋势,而间作籽粒苋Cd含量较CK₂呈增加趋势. 3)与CK₂相比,各间作模式籽粒苋的富集系数、转运系数、有效转运系数均呈增加趋势;间作籽粒苋地上部Cd的单株及单位面积提取量较CK₂分别显著减少40.4%～86.7%和70.4%～88.9%;各间作模式玉米与籽粒苋地上部Cd的单位面积提取总量高于单作玉米,但低于单作籽粒苋. 4)各间作模式玉米根际土有效态Cd含量及籽粒苋根际土总Cd、有效态Cd含量分别较单作玉米及单作籽粒苋呈增加趋势,但对非根际土没有显著影响.本研究中,T₁间作模式有利于玉米籽粒产量的提高,T₅间作模式有利于籽粒苋Cd提取量的最大化.     

桑树-大豆间作对盐碱土碳代谢微生物多样性的影响

针对桑树-大豆间作可缓解盐碱土危害的特点,利用Biolog^TM技术研究了桑树-大豆间作对盐碱土作物根际碳代谢微生物多样性的影响.结果表明：表征土壤微生物代谢活性的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)在桑树-大豆间作下明显高于桑树单作和大豆单作,其中间作大豆的AWCD最高,单作桑树最低.桑树-大豆间作的土壤微生物均匀度指数高于单作,而土壤微生物的多样性指数和优势度指数在间作和单作之间差异不显著,说明桑树-大豆间作改变了盐碱土根际微生物群落结构组成,提高了根际微生物群落多样性.主成分分析表明,桑树-大豆间作和单作下土壤微生物的碳源利用模式出现分异,主要碳源为糖类、羧酸和聚合物类物质等.盐碱土pH和盐度是制约微生物群落多样性的主要因素,间作有效降低了土壤pH和盐度,促进了土壤微生物群落多样性的提高.     

基于稳定碳同位素技术的华北低丘山区核桃-小麦复合系统种间水分利用研究

农林复合系统的林木和作物会充分利用水肥光热等资源、而在资源亏缺时也可能产生竞争,在华北低丘山区等水资源紧缺地区,种间水分竞争尤为突出。在冬小麦返青期、拔节期、灌浆期和成熟期4个生育期,测算了该地区核桃-小麦间作系统和单作小麦不同组分的稳定碳同位素组成(Stable carbon isotope ratio,δ13C)和核桃树干液流,结合生物量和气象数据资料计算出水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)和耗水量(Water use,WU)。结果表明,间作核桃树、间作小麦和单作小麦的WUE分别为10.771—21.233、9.946—19.149和9.878—18.431 mmol C/mol H2O。单作小麦WUE在拔节期显著小于间作小麦。间作系统总耗水量为1755.19 t/hm2,比单作系统的2538.13 t/hm2少30.85%。核桃-小麦间作系统中,核桃耗水量占系统总耗水量的36.34%,在小麦的生长前期所占比例最多、在小麦旺盛生长期所占比重较小,而小麦越往生长后期需水越多。核桃与间作小麦的需水期错开,在时间上避免水分竞争。距离核桃树越近浅层土土壤含水量越高、而深层土越低,表明核桃主要吸收深层水,而间作小麦主要吸收浅层水,从位置上避免水分竞争。单作小麦产量、总生物量和总耗水量分别比核桃间作小麦的高26.79%、27.12%、36.30%(P=0.001、P=0.033、P=0.050)。间作核桃和单作核桃的单株果实产量平均分别为0.88和0.94 kg(P=0.829)。然而,核桃-小麦间作系统的产量土地当量比(Land equivalent ratio,LER)和产值水分利用效率(WUE ofeconomics,WUEe)却分别达到1.67和25.92元.mm-.1hm-2,比单作系统明显提高、水资源获得高效利用,同时具备生产优势和经济优势。     

Main interspecific competition and land productivity of fruit-crop intercropping in Loess Region of West Shauxi

Taking the four typical fruit-crop intercropping models, i.e., walnut-peanut, walnut-soybean, apple-peanut, and apple-soybean, in the Loess Region of western Shanxi Province as the objects, this paper analyzed the crop (peanut and soybean) photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), net photosynthetic rate (P(n)), yield, and soil moisture content. Comparing with crop monoculture, fruit-crop intercropping decreased the crop PAR and P(n). The smaller the distance from tree rows, the smaller the crop PAR and P(n). There was a significantly positive correlation between the P(n) and crop yield, suggesting that illumination was one of the key factors affecting crop yield. From the whole trend, the 0-100 cm soil moisture content had no significant differences between walnut-crop intercropping systems and corresponding monoculture cropping systems, but had significant differences between apple-crop intercropping systems and corresponding monoculture cropping systems, indicating that the competition for soil moisture was more intense in apple-crop intercropping systems than in walnut-crop intercropping systems. Comparing with monoculture, fruit-crop intercropping increased the land use efficiency and economic benefit averagely by 70% and 14%, respectively, and walnut-crop intercropping was much better than apple-crop intercropping. To increase the crop yield in fruit-crop intercropping systems, the following strategies should be taken: strengthening the management of irrigation and fertilization, increasing the distances or setting root barriers between crop and tree rows, regularly and properly pruning, and planting shade-tolerant crops in intercropping.     

Response of the wheat rhizosphere soil nematode community in wheat/walnut intercropping system in Xinjiang,Northwest China

Intercropping Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been widely applied in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in Northwest China as a means of reducing soil and water losses and improving both land-use efficiency and economic returns. To understand how changes in soil conditions and nematode community structure can contribute to the evaluation of wheat–walnut intercropping systems from the view of soil fauna, we studied the soil nematode community in wheat rhizosphere soil under both monoculture and intercropping systems for 2 years. The results showed that the pH and total nitrogen and organic matter contents in intercropping systems with walnut trees were decreased compared with those of system with wheat alone. The nematode communities differed significantly between intercropping and monoculture plots, e.g., Rhabditis and Dorylaimus were dominant only in monocultures, whereas Tylenchus was dominant only in intercropping systems. Moreover, intercropping systems resulted in decreased nematode abundance, increased proportions of plant-feeding nematodes, and decreased omnivores/predators, particularly in the second year (2012). The decrease in diversity indices (H′) and ecological indices (WI, EI, and SI) of the nematode communities indicated high disturbance and low soil fertility in intercropping systems. Overall, wheat intercropping with walnut had a significant negative effect on wheat rhizosphere soil conditions.     

间作作物种间相互作用对马铃薯根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌的影响

为揭示间作作物种间相互作用对土壤丛枝菌根(AM)真菌的影响,以马铃薯单作(T0)为对照,基于高通量测序平台的方法,研究了连续3年马铃薯‖玉米(T1)、马铃薯‖蚕豆(T2)下马铃薯根际土壤AM真菌群落组成、多样性与土壤环境因子间的相互关系.结果表明:共获得2893个AM真菌操作分类单元(OTUs),分属1门、3纲、4目、...     

Efficiency of Repeated Phytoextraction of Cadmium and Zinc from an Agricultural Soil Contaminated with Sewage Sludge

Long-term application of sewage sludge resulted in soil cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) contamination in a pot experiment conducted to phytoextract Cd/Zn repeatedly using Sedum plumbizincicola and Apium graceolens in monoculture or intercropping mode eight times. Shoot yields and soil physicochemical properties changed markedly with increasing number of remediation crops when the two plant species were intercropped compared with the unplanted control soil and the two monoculture treatments. Changes in soil microbial indices such as average well colour development, soil enzyme activity and soil microbial counts were also significantly affected by the growth of the remediation plants, especially intercropping with S. plumbizincicola and A. graveolens. The higher yields and amounts of Cd taken up indicated that intercropping of the hyperaccumulator and the vegetable species may be suitable for simultaneous agricultural production and soil remediation, with larger crop yields and higher phytoremediation efficiencies than under monoculture conditions.