PHYLOGENY OF THE GENUS ROSTANGA (NUDIBRANCHIA), WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Rostanga elandsia sp. nov., Rostanga aureamala sp. nov. andRostanga phepha sp. nov. are characterized by having the radulawith slender innermost lateral teeth, which lack denticles onthe inner side of the cusp and have a single denticle on theouter side. The outermost lateral teeth of these three speciesare elongate, but shorter than in other species of the genus.In addition, R. aureamala is the only species of the genus withrachidian teeth and R. phepha is unique within the genus Rostanga byvirtue of its white coloration with dark spots. A phylogenetic analysis shows that the three new species fromSouth Africa and Rostanga setidens (Odhner, 1939) are the sistergroup of the rest of the genus. The species from Japan and MarshallIslands (North Pacific Ocean) are basal in the sister cladecontaining the other species of Rostanga Bergh, 1879. The tropicalIndo-Pacific species of Rostanga are not monophyletic. The Atlanticand Eastern Pacific species form a monophyletic, derived clade,being the sister group of Rostanga australis Rudman & Avern,1989, which has a narrow range restricted to south eastern Australia.The widespread Indo-Pacific species Rostanga bifurcata Rudman& Avern, 1989, is the sister group of Rostanga dentacus Rudman& Avern, 1989, also widesprad in the tropical western Pacific. This phylogeny suggest s a viariant origin of the Sourth African, Atlantic-EasternPacific, and probably North Pacific species, whereas in thetropical Indo-Pacific most sister speceis are sympatric. (Received 16 May 1999; accepted 31 July 2000)     

COMPARATIVE SPERMATOLOGY OF FOUR SYMPATRIC SPECIES OF SIPHONARIA (PULMONATA: BASOMMATOPHORA)

The fine structure of the modified sperm and spermatogenesisof four sympatric species of Siphonaria is described. The morphologyof the sperm of all species is very similar. The head, whichis about 6 µm long, is composed of a nucleus with fibrouschromatin capped by an acrosome (about 1 µm long) comprisedof an acrosomal pedestal and apical vesicle. The midpiece hasa mitochondrial derivative which surrounds a single glycogenhelix, posterior to which is a glycogen piece. Although differencesbetween each species exist, the value of sperm morphology forpurposes of taxonomy in this genus is questioned. Comparisonwith other basommatophorans however suggests that sperm morphologymay be of value at a higher taxo-nomic level. The morphologicalchanges that occur during spermatogenesis are similar to thosedescribed for other molluscs with modified sperm, except thatduring early spermiogenesis the Golgi body and smooth endoplasmicreticulum become highly developed. This proliferation of theSER and Golgi occurs at the same time as elongation of the spermatid.Throughout spermatogenesis, the germ cells are closely associatedwith a somatic cell which, because of structural similaritieswith the somatic cell of mammalian seminiferous epithelium,has been termed a Sertoli cell. After the spermatids have beenreleased from the Sertoli cells of the testis, maturation continuesin the hermaphrodite duct where the acrosome reaches its finalsize and glycogen accumulates in the glycogen compartment ofthe mid-piece. (Received 25 April 1990; accepted 1 September 1990)     

华南虻科三新种(双翅目:虻科)

崇安虻Tabanus (Tabanus)chonganensis新种 雌虫体长22—25毫米棕黄色大型种。头部前额(frons)狭长,高度约为基部宽度8.5倍,两侧大致平行,或顶端稍大于基部宽度。基胛(callus)圆柱形,与亚胛(subcallus)几乎接触而与眼远离。中胛(median callus)线状,与基胛紧密接连,长度约达前额高度的一半。亚胛具淡黄色粉被。触角第1,2节淡黄色具黑毛丛,第3节第1环节深棕色,背缘有钝角突起,上有少量黑毛,长度约为最宽处宽度2倍。     

中国南方漏斗蛛三新种（蜘蛛目：漏斗蛛科）

本文记述神农架地区隙蛛属和蟋蛛属的蜘蛛三新种：珍珠隙蛛Ｃｏｅｌｏｔｅｓ ｂａｃｃａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;距形隙蛛Ｃｏｅｌｏｔｅｓ ｃａｌｃａｒｉｆｏｒｍｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;象牙蟠蛛Ｃｉｃｕｒｉｎａ ｅｂｕｒｎｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY AND FEEDING OF DONAX SERRA ROODING AND DONAX SORDIDUS HANLEY (BIVALVIA: DONACIDAE)

The functional morphology of Donax serra and D. sordidus fromSouth African beaches was examined, and comparative measurementsmade of the rate of water filtration. The two species differin the structure and ciliation of the ctenidia, the number andspacing of the ridges on the labial palps, the direction ofciliary currents on the surface of the mantle and visceral mass,and the length and coiling of the mid-gut. The maximum ratesof water filtration recorded showed similar relationships tosize for the two species, but in D. sordidus the rate declinedrapidly with time during the observations. These differencesindicate differences in feeding strategy related to differencesin distribution and behaviour of the two species on beaches.     

我国三种苦草的比较形态观察

苦草属(Vallisneria)在我国分布广,蕴藏量大,目前已发表的种类有苦草(V.spiralis L.)密齿苦草(V.denseserrulata(Makino)Makino)刺苦草(V.spinulosa Yan),亚洲苦草(V.asiatica Miki),大苦草(V.gigantea Gtaco.)(产台湾),但对这5种植物仅在宏观的形态特征方面作一般描述,微观方面的资料尚感欠缺。本文特对密齿苦草、刺苦草和亚洲苦草作较详细论述。为了核实野外所采标术雌雄株配对是否正确和进一步深入研究,我们对每种苦草只用同一果实的种子在室内进行播种培植,以观察比较它们之间各个发育阶段的形态特征。此外,还利用扫描电子显微镜对其雄花、花粉粒和种子进行了观察研究。结果表明:亚洲苦草的雄花仅有1枚发育雄蕊;花中无退化雄蕊和退化花瓣;果实长园柱形,光滑无刺;种子倒卵状长棒形。种皮上有许多腺毛,而密齿苦草和刺苦草的雄花均具2枚发育雄蕊,花中各有1枚退化雄蕊和退化花瓣。但前者的果实是三棱状长柱形,光滑无刺;种子倒卵状长棒形,无毛状或翅状突起物。而后者的果实虽仍为长柱状三棱形,但各条棱上有小刺状突起;种子倒卵形,有5—2翅。     

FIVE NEW GOMPHONEMA SPECIES (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) FROM RIVERS IN SOUTH AFRICA AND SWAZILAND1

Diatom material from South Africa and Swaziland was examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. Five new taxa are proposed: Gomphonema crocodilei, G. quasicrocodilei, G. venusta, G. latistigmata, and G. cholnokyi. Gomphonema venusta has been previously misidentified as Gomphonema clevei Fricke and G. cholnokyi as G. subclavatum (Grunow) Grunow. All of the species possess biseriate striae, areolae with external vela, a true stigma, and marginal laminae underlying the valve margin and mantle. Compared to the other members of gomphonemoid lineage, the five new species show greatest similarity to Gomphoneis mesta Passy-Tolar & Lowe, G. magna Kociolek & Stoermer, and G. rhombica (Fricke) Merino, García, Hernández-Mariné, & Fernández and to the Herculeana lineage of Gomphoneis sensu Kociolek and Stoermer. The most recent phylogenetic analysis of the genus Gomphoneis showed that the two lineages of the genus. Herculeana and Elegans, are not monophyletic. The Herculeana lineage is more closely allied to Gomphonema than to the Elegans lineage. Since the Elegans lineage contains the generitype of Gomphoneis (G. elegans (Grunow) Cheve), and the species described here are more closely related to the Herculeana lineage, we have assigned them to Gomphonema.     

THREE NEW SPECIES OF PORINA (TRICHOTHELIACEAE) FROM THAILAND

Three species of Porina (Trichotheliaceae), P. kansriae P. M. McCarthy, P. siamensis P. M. McCarthy and P. wolseleyae P. M. McCarthy, are described from aquatic and semi-aquatic rocks in montane rainforest in north-eastern Thailand.     

COMPARATIVE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THREE SPECIES OF CHLOROSARCINA (CHLOROSARCINACEAE,CHLOROPHYTA)1,2

Ultrastructural studies revealed that Chlorosarcina stigmatica Deason differs from C. brevispinosa and C. longispinosa Chantanachat and Bold because the vegetative cells possess a pyrenoid, and the zoospores have chlorophycean characteristics. Zoospores of the latter species exhibit pleurastrophycean characteristics including counterclockwise absolute orientation of the flagellar apparatus components. Nuclear division in C. longispinosa, like that of Friedmannia israelensis Chantanachat and Bold, is metacentric. It is suggested that a new genus, Desmotetra, be erected for Chlorosarcina stigmatica, and that it, along with Chlorosarcinopsis Herndon, be placed in the Chlorococcales, Chlorophyceae. Chlorosarcina brevispinosa and C. longispinosa belong in the Pleurastrales, Pleurastrophyceae.     

COMPARATIVE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THREE SPECIES OF CHLOROSARCINA (CHLOROSARCINACEAE,CHLOROPHYTA) 1,2

Ultrastructural studies revealed that Chlorosarcina stigmatica Deason differs from C. brevispinosa and C. longispinosa Chantanachat and Bold because the vegetative cell possess a pyrenoid, and the zoospores have chlorophycean characteristics. Zoospores of the latter species exhibit pleurastrophycean characteristics including counterclockwise absolute orientation of the flagellar apparatus components. Nuclear division in C. longispinosa, like that of Friedmannia israelensis Chantanachat and Bold, is metacentric. It is suggested that a new genus, Desmotetra, be erected for Chlorosarcina stigmatica, and that it, along with Chlorosarcinopsis Herndon, be placed in the Chlorococcales, Chlorophyceae. Chlorosarcina brevispinosa and C. longispinosa belong in the Pleurastrales, Pleurastrophyceae.     

中国南方植绥螨属三新种(蜱螨目:植绥螨科)

植绥螨是农林害螨的重要捕食性天敌,已引起人们的广泛注意。本文描述了采自我国湖北、云南、广西等地的植绥螨科植绥螨属三个新种。测量长度单位微米。模式标本保存于广东省昆虫研究所。 本文采用Rowell et al 1978毛序命名系统。     

四川紫金牛科紫金牛属三新种

丛生状多茎灌木,通常具有茎25-65(-100)条,高30-65厘米。根多而粗状,白色。茎紫褐色,具纵皱纹,幼时具微柔毛,无分枝。     

螯蜂科三新种记述(膜翅目:螯蜂科)(英文)

本文描述了单爪整蜂亚科二新种;陈氏矛螯蜂Lonchodryinuschenisp.nov.和梳角单爪螯蜂An-teonCtenoidessp．nov,以及栉爪螯蜂亚科一新种：中华栉爪螯蜂Bocchussinensissp．nov。栉爪螯蜂亚科为中国首次记录。模式标本存于浙江农业大学。     

方头甲科三新种（鞘翅目）

本文本文描述了采自广东鹤山县马山的方头甲科３新种,马山方头甲Ｃｙｂｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ ｍａｓｈａｎｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎ,深裂方头甲Ｃ。ｄｉｓｓｅｃｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎ．和膨节方头甲Ｃ．ｅｘｐｌａｎｓｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎ．。     

中国蚱科三新种记述（直翅目）

本文记述采自云南和四川省刺翼蚱亚科二新种,钝叶瘤蚱Ｔｈｏｒａｄｏｎｔａ ｏｂｔｕｓｉｌｏｂａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,横刺瘤蚱Ｔｈｏｒａｄｏｎｔａ ｔｒａｓｓｐｉｃｕｌａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,及采自新疆蚱亚科一新种,新疆蚱Ｔｅｔｒｉｘ ｘｉｎｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

广西蚂蚁三新种（膜翅目：蚁科）

本文描述采自广西壮族自治区的蚁科昆虫３新种：光腿切叶蚁Ａｃａｎｔｈｏｍｙｒｍｅｘ ｇｌａｂ ｆｅｍｏｒａｌｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．广西铺道蚁Ｔｅｔｒａｍｏｒｉｕｍ ｇｕａｎｇｘｉｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。和拟大隐猛蚁Ｃｒｙｐｔｏｐｏｎｔ ｐｓｅｕｄｏｇｉｇａｓ,ｓｐ。ｎｐｖ．正模标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所,副模标本保存于广西师范大学生物系。     

贵州省溪蛉三新种记述：（脉翅目：溪蛉科）

脉翅目(Neurcptera)现存的20科中,只有2个科具单眼。其中溪岭科(Osmylidae)幼虫是水生的,体狭长、上颚细长而直伸,有长牙蛉之称。溪蛉成虫多栖息于林间溪流附近,也有的在田间活动,捕食蚜虫等小虫,趋光性很强。体中至大型,触角丝状或念珠状,翅脉复杂,径分脉由1条Rs与R相连,翅多具花斑,翅缘在各脉间有缘饰,横脉很多。雌蛉有发达的产卵器,突出于腹端下方,呈瓣状。     

丽金龟科二新种

棘丽(虫犮)属(Spinanomala)和肩丽(虫犮)属(Tichanomala)所包括的种类和分布范围都比较小,体长一般在10毫米以下。棘丽(虫犮)属已知有9种,大多数分布东洋区,我国记栽1种;属征:在第2 腹节两侧各有1—3根棘状粗毛刺,其色泽和大小,通常跟腹部的被毛不同。肩丽(虫犮)已知3种1亚种,我国记载的1种,分布于西藏南部;属征:中胸后侧片十分发达,突出在前胸背板和鞘翅基角之间,在背面可见,前胸背板周缘披短毛。     

华南鹤顶兰属(兰科)一新种

地生草本,株高60-80厘米。茎粗壮,园柱形,高15-25厘米、直径3-3.5厘米,多纵梭,橄榄绿色,通常9节。叶通常6片,纸质,长30-60厘米,宽9-14厘米,卵状披针形至长圆形,先端渐尖,基部渐狭,叶柄不明显,叶缘全缘并稍呈波状,叶脉9条。     

南极三种弹尾目记述(英文)

本文描述了采自南极的三种弹尾目 ,其中详细描述了新种南极隐跳Cryptopygusnanjiensis头、胸、腹部诸如 :触角、角后器、足、弹器、腹管以及毛序等鉴别特征 ,并将两种已知种Tullbergiamediantarcti ca和Frieseawoyciechowskii与模式种进行了比较。新种及观察的已知种标本存放在中科院上海昆虫研究所的标本馆中