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1.
Curdlan is a water-insoluble β-(1,3)-glucan produced by Agrobacterium species under nitrogen-limited condition. Its heat-induced gelling properties render curdlan to be very useful in the food
industry initially. Recent advances in the understanding of the role curdlan plays in both innate and adaptive immunity lead
to its growing applications in biomedicine. Our review focuses on the recent advances on curdlan biosynthesis and the improvements
of curdlan fermentation production both from our laboratory and many others as well as the latest advances on the new applications
of curdlan and its derivatives particularly in their immunological functions in biomedicine. 相似文献
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Zheng Yu-Guo Yin Huan-Huan Yu Dao-Fu Chen Xiang Tang Xiao-Ling Zhang Xiao-Jian Xue Ya-Ping Wang Ya-Jun Liu Zhi-Qiang 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2017,101(3):987-1001
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs), which belong to the oxidoreductase superfamily, catalyze the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with high stereoselectivity under mild conditions. ADHs are widely employed as biocatalysts for the dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic substrates and for the preparation of enantiomerically pure chemicals. This review provides an overview of biotechnological applications for ADHs in the production of chiral pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.
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Wanmeng Mu Qiuxi Li Chen Fan Chen Zhou Bo Jiang 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2013,97(5):1821-1827
Epilactose (4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-d-mannose), an epimer of lactose, is a rare disaccharide existing extremely small quantities in heat-treated milk, in which epilactose is produced by non-enzymatic catalysis from lactose. This disaccharide is a kind of non-digestible carbohydrate, has a good prebiotic effect, and promotes intestinal mineral absorption. This article presents a review of recent studies on epilactose formation in food system, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and its physiological functions. In addition, the biochemical properties and kinetic parameters of the epilactose-producing enzyme, cellobiose 2-epimerase, are compared, and the biotechnological production of epilactose from lactose is reviewed. 相似文献
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2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is an important aromatic alcohol with a rose-like fragrance. It has been widely applied in the cosmetic, perfume, and food industries and is mainly produced by chemical synthesis. An alternative method for the production of natural flavors and fragrances is the microbial transformation process, which is attracting increasing attention because it is an environmentally friendly process and the products are considered “natural”. The production of 2-PE from L-phenylalanine by biotransformation is possible through the Ehrlich pathway and considerable progress has been made in the development of this process. The present report reviews recent advances in biotechnological production of 2-PE, with emphasis on the strategies used to increase production and the applications of in situ product removal techniques. Future research should focus on product scale-up and product recovery processes for the industrialization of microbial processes. 相似文献
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Recent advances in protein engineering and biotechnological applications of glutathione transferases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Glutathione transferases (GSTs, EC 2.5.1.18) are a widespread family of enzymes that play a central role in the detoxification, metabolism, and transport or sequestration of endogenous or xenobiotic compounds. During the last two decades, delineation of the important structural and catalytic features of GSTs has laid the groundwork for engineering GSTs, involving both rational and random approaches, aiming to create new variants with new or altered properties. These approaches have expanded the usefulness of native GSTs, not only for understanding the fundamentals of molecular detoxification mechanisms, but also for the development medical, analytical, environmental, and agricultural applications. This review article attempts to summarize successful examples and current developments on GST engineering, highlighting in parallel the recent knowledge gained on their phylogenetic relationships, structural/catalytic features, and biotechnological applications. 相似文献
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Chen Ziwei Chen Jiajun Zhang Wenli Zhang Tao Guang Cuie Mu Wanmeng 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2018,102(10):4269-4278
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - d-Allose is a rare monosaccharide, which rarely appears in the natural environment. d-Allose has an 80% sweetness relative to table sugar but is ultra-low... 相似文献
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Ravi Raghav Sonani Rajesh Prasad Rastogi Rutvij Patel Datta Madamwar 《World journal of biological chemistry》2016,7(1):100-109
An obligatory sunlight requirement for photosynthesis has exposed cyanobacteria to different quantity and quality of light. Cyanobacteria can exhibit efficient photosynthesis over broad region(450 to 650 nm) of solar spectrum with the help of brilliantly coloured pigment proteins called phycobiliproteins(PBPs). Besides light-harvesting, PBPs are found to involve in several life sustaining phenomena including photoprotection in cyanobacteria. The unique spectral features(like strong absorbance and fluorescence), proteineous nature and, some imperative properties like hepato-protective, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activity of PBPs enable their use in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. PBPs have been also noted to show beneficial effect in therapeutics of some disease like Alzheimer and cancer. Such large range of applications increases the demand of PBPs in commodity market. Therefore, the large-scale and coast effective production of PBPs is the real need of time. To fulfil this need, many researchers have been working to find the potential producer of PBPs for the production and purification of PBPs. Results of these efforts have caused the inventions of some novel techniques like mixotrophic and heterotrophic strategies for production and aqueous two phase separation for purification purpose. Overall, the present review summarises the recent findings and identifies gaps in the field of production, purification and applications of this biological and economically important proteins. 相似文献
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AbstractThis article focuses on significant advances in the production and applications of microbial glutaminases and provides insight into the structures of different glutaminases. Glutaminases catalyze the deamidation of glutamine to glutamic acid, and this unique ability forms the basis of their applications in various industries such as pharmaceutical and food organizations. Microbial glutaminases from bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, and fungi are of greater significance than animal glutaminases because of their stability, affordability, and ease of production. Owing to these notable benefits, they are considered to possess considerable potential in anticancer and antiviral therapy, flavor enhancers in oriental foods, biosensors and in the production of a nutraceutical theanine. This review also aims to fully explore the potential of microbial glutaminases and to set the pace for future prospects. 相似文献
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3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde: applications and perspectives of biotechnological production 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) forms, together with HPA-hydrate and HPA-dimer, a dynamic, multi-component system (HPA system) used in food preservation, as a precursor for many modern chemicals such as acrolein, acrylic acid, and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), and for polymer production. 3-HPA can be obtained both through traditional chemistry and bacterial fermentation. To date, 3-HPA has been produced from petrochemical resources as an intermediate in 1,3-PDO production. In vivo, glycerol is converted in one enzymatic step into 3-HPA. The 3-HPA-producing Lactobacillus reuteri is used as a probiotic in the health care of humans and animals. The biotechnological production of 3-HPA from renewable resources is desirable both for use of 3-HPA in foods and for the production of bulk chemicals. The main challenge will be the efficient production and recovery of pure 3-HPA. 相似文献
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Nguyen Huy Thuan Ramesh Prasad Pandey Jae Kyung Sohng 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2014,98(18):7747-7759
Avermectins (AVMs), produced by Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680 (or ATCC 31267, NRRL 8165, NCBIM 12804), are 16-member macrocylic lactones that play very important functions as bactericidal and antiparasitic agents against nematodes and anthropods, as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Since its discovery in 1975, use of AVM has been widely spreading around the globe. To date, the whole genome sequence of S. avermitilis K139 has been acquired, in which the AVM biosynthetic gene cluster was the most highly investigated to mine the genes responsible for functional as well as regulatory roles. Therefore, significant progress has been achieved for understanding and manipulating the biosynthesis, improved production, regulation mechanism, side effects, as well as the resistance of AVMs and their derivatives. These findings will facilitate further strain improvement and biosynthesis of novel derivatives bearing stable and improved biological activities, as well as overcoming the resistance mechanism to open up a bright period for these compounds. In this review, we have summarized and analyzed the update in advanced progress in biochemistry and biotechnological approaches used for the production of AVMs and their derivatives. 相似文献
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Azis Boing Sitanggang Anja Drews Matthias Kraume 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2016,32(9):154
Lactulose, a synthetic disaccharide, has received increasing interest due to its role as a prebiotic. The production of lactulose is important in the dairy industry, as it is regarded as a high value-added derivative of whey or lactose. The industrial production of lactulose is still mainly done by chemical isomerization. Due to concerns on the environmental and tedious separation processes, the enzymatic-based lactulose synthesis has been regarded as an interesting alternative. This work aims at comparing chemical and enzyme-catalyzed lactulose synthesis. With an emphasis on the latter one, this review discusses the influences of the critical operating conditions and the suited operation mode on the transgalactosylation of lactulose using microbial enzymes. As an update and supplement to other previous reviews, this work also summarizes the recent reports that highlighted the enzymatic isomerization of lactose using cellobiose 2-epimerase to produce lactulose at elevated yields. 相似文献
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Nipon Sarmah D. Revathi G. Sheelu K. Yamuna Rani S. Sridhar V. Mehtab C. Sumana 《Biotechnology progress》2018,34(1):5-28
Lipases are the industrially important biocatalysts, which are envisioned to have tremendous applications in the manufacture of a wide range of products. Their unique properties such as better stability, selectivity and substrate specificity position them as the most expansively used industrial enzymes. The research on production and applications of lipases is ever growing and there exists a need to have a latest review on the research findings of lipases. The present review aims at giving the latest and broadest overall picture of research and development on lipases by including the current studies and progressions not only in the diverse industrial application fields of lipases, but also with regard to its structure, classification and sources. Also, a special emphasis has been made on the aspects such as process optimization, modeling, and design that are very critical for further scale‐up and industrial implementation. The detailed tabulations provided in each section, which are prepared by the exhaustive review of current literature covering the various aspects of lipase including its production and applications along with example case studies, will serve as the comprehensive source of current advancements in lipase research. This review will be very useful for the researchers from both industry as well as academia in promoting lipolysis as the most promising approaches to intensified, greener and sustainable processes. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:5–28, 2018 相似文献
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《Critical reviews in biotechnology》2013,33(2):172-186
Biogas technology provides an alternative source of energy to fossil fuels in many parts of the world. Using local resources such as agricultural crop remains, municipal solid wastes, market wastes and animal waste, energy (biogas), and manure are derived by anaerobic digestion. The hydrolysis process, where the complex insoluble organic materials are hydrolysed by extracellular enzymes, is a rate-limiting step for anaerobic digestion of high-solid organic solid wastes. Biomass pretreatment and hydrolysis are areas in need of drastic improvement for economic production of biogas from complex organic matter such as lignocellulosic material and sewage sludge. Despite development of pretreatment techniques, sugar release from complex biomass still remains an expensive and slow step, perhaps the most critical in the overall process. This paper gives an updated review of the biotechnological advances to improve biogas production by microbial enzymatic hydrolysis of different complex organic matter for converting them into fermentable structures. A number of authors have reported significant improvement in biogas production when crude and commercial enzymes are used in the pretreatment of complex organic matter. There have been studies on the improvement of biogas production from lignocellulolytic materials, one of the largest and renewable sources of energy on earth, after pretreatment with cellulases and cellulase-producing microorganisms. Lipids (characterised as oil, grease, fat, and free long chain fatty acids, LCFA) are a major organic compound in wastewater generated from the food processing industries and have been considered very difficult to convert into biogas. Improved methane yield has been reported in the literature when these lipid-rich wastewaters are pretreated with lipases and lipase-producing microorganisms. The enzymatic treatment of mixed sludge by added enzymes prior to anaerobic digestion has been shown to result in improved degradation of the sludge and an increase in methane production. Strategies for enzyme dosing to enhance anaerobic digestion of the different complex organic rich materials have been investigated. This review also highlights the various challenges and opportunities that exist to improve enzymatic hydrolysis of complex organic matter for biogas production. The arguments in favor of enzymes to pretreat complex biomass are compelling. The high cost of commercial enzyme production, however, still limits application of enzymatic hydrolysis in full-scale biogas production plants, although production of low-cost enzymes and genetic engineering are addressing this issue. 相似文献
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This short review covers metabolic pathways, genetics and metabolic engineering of 1,2-propanediol formation in microbes.
1,2-Propanediol production by bacteria and yeasts has been known for many years and two general pathways are recognized. One
involves the metabolism of deoxyhexoses, where lactaldehyde is formed during the glycolytic reactions and is then reduced
to 1,2-propanediol. The second pathway derives from the formation of methylglyoxal from dihydroxyacetonephosphate and its
subsequent reduction to 1,2-propanediol. The enzymes involved in the reduction of methylglyoxal can generate isomers of lactaldehyde
or acetol, which can be further reduced by specific reductases, giving chiral 1,2-propanediol as the product. The stereospecificity
of the enzymes catalyzing the two reduction steps is important in deriving a complete pathway. Through genetic engineering,
appropriate combinations of enzymes have been brought together in Escherichia coli and yeast to generate 1,2-propanediol from glucose. The optimization of these strains may yield microbial processes for the
production of this widely used chemical.
Received: 25 May 2000 / Received revision: 24 July 2000 / Accepted: 25 July 2000 相似文献
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Biosynthesis, biotechnological production and applications of 5-aminolevulinic acid 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Microbial production of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) by photosynthetic bacteria compared to other bacteria and algae is reviewed. During aerobic-microaerobic cultivation of Rhodobacter sphaeroides mutant strain CR520, control of the redox potential was effective for producing large amounts of extracellular ALA. ALA has been practically applied in agriculture as an herbicide, an insecticide and a growth-promoting factor for plants. New agricultural applications including salt tolerance and cold temperature tolerance of plants are also described. Finally, recent medical applications for cancer treatment, tumor diagnosis and other clinical uses are discussed. 相似文献