Humic acid (HA) is one of the major components of the natural organic matter present in the environment that alters the fate and behavior of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Transformation of Ag NPs happens upon interaction with HA, thereby, changing both physical and chemical properties. Fluorescence spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the interaction of Ag NPs with HA. In pH and time-dependent studies, the near field electro dynamical environment of Ag NPs influenced the fluorescence of HA, indicated by fluorescence enhancement. SEM revealed not only morphological changes, but also significant reduction in size of Ag NPs after interaction with HA. Based on these studies, a probable mechanism was proposed for the interaction of HA with Ag NPs, suggesting the possible transformation that these nanoparticles can undergo in the environment. 相似文献
This study reveals a green process for the production of multi-morphological silver (Ag NPs) and gold (Au NPs) nanoparticles, synthesized using an agro-industrial residue cashew nut shell liquid. Aqueous solutions of Ag+ ions for silver and chloroaurate ions for gold were treated with cashew nut shell extract for the formation of Ag and Au NPs. The nano metallic dispersions were characterized by measuring the surface plasmon absorbance at 440 and 546 nm for Ag and Au NPs. Transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of nanoparticles in the range of 5–20 nm for silver and gold with assorted morphologies such as round, triangular, spherical and irregular. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses of the freeze-dried powder confirmed the formation of metallic Ag and Au NPs in crystalline form. Further analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provided evidence for the presence of various biomolecules, which might be responsible for the reduction of silver and gold ions. The obtained Ag and Au NPs had significant antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration on bacteria associated with fish diseases. 相似文献
Optical absorption and fluorescence emission techniques were employed to investigate the size effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on 1,4-dihydroxy-3-methylanthracene-9,10-dione (DHMAD). Silver nanoparticles of different sizes were prepared by Creighton method under microwave irradiation. The prepared Ag NPs show the surface plasmon band around 400 nm. Fluorescence quenching of DHMAD by Ag NPs was found to increase with an increase in the size of Ag NPs. The fluorescence quenching is explained by resonant energy transfer mechanism between DHMAD and Ag NPs, orientation of DHMAD on silver nanoparticles through chemisorptions. The Stern–Volmer quenching constant and Benesi–Hildebrand association constant for the above system were calculated. DFT calculations were also performed to study the ground and excited state behavior of DHMAD and DHMAD + Ag system. 相似文献
The direct attachment and growth of gold or silver nanoparticles (NPs) on indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces was demonstrated using a simple and inexpensive successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method by chemical reduction of the precursor metal salts with dopamine aqueous solution. Ag NPs on ITO substrate were approximately spherical with an average particle size of about 57 nm, but had a wide particle size distribution. Compared with Ag NPs, under the same 10 SILAR cycles, Au NPs have higher density packing and smaller average particle size of about 36 nm. XRD characterization and surface chemistry analysis confirmed the formation of Ag and Au NPs on ITO substrate with small amounts of dopamine-quinone adsorbed on the surface of them. Although Au NPs showed characteristic plasmon absorption, this did not result in performance enhancement in solar cell with the structure of ITO/ZnO/PCPDTBT:[6,6]-phenyl C71/MoO3/Ag because of the energy level mismatch between ZnO and dopamine molecules adsorbed on the surface of metal NPs. 相似文献
Zinc oxide (ZnO) and ZnO:Cu nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a rapid, controllable, one‐pot and room‐temperature pulsed UV‐laser assisted method. UV‐laser irradiation was used as an effective energy source in order to gain better control over the NPs size and morphology in aqueous media. Parameters effective in laser assisted synthesis of NPs such as irradiation time and laser shot repetition rate were optimized. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnO NPs showed a broad emission with two trap state peaks located at 442 and 485 nm related to electronic transition from zinc interstitial level (IZn) to zinc vacancy level (VZn) and electronic transition from conduction band to the oxygen vacancy level (VO), respectively. For ZnO:Cu NPs, trap state emissions disappeared completely and a copper (Cu)‐related emission appeared. PL intensity of Cu‐related emission increased with the increase in concentration of Cu2+, so that for molar ratio of Cu:Zn 2%, optimal value of PL intensity was obtained. The photocatalytic activity of Cu‐doped ZnO revealed 50 and 100% increasement than that of undoped NPs under UV and visible irradiation, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to smaller crystal size, as well as creation of impurity acceptor levels (T2) inside the ZnO energy band gap. 相似文献
The interaction of glucose‐derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) was explored by fluorescence spectroscopy. Both metal NPs cause an efficient quenching of CQD fluorescence, which is likely due to the energy transfer process between CQDs as donors and metal NPs as acceptors. The Stern–Volmer plots were evaluated and corresponding quenching constants were found to be 1.9 × 1010 and 2.2 × 108 M?1 for AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively. The analytical applicability of these systems was demonstrated for turn‐on fluorescence detection of the anti‐cancer drug, 6‐thioguanine. Because the CQD–AgNP system had much higher sensitivity than the CQD–AuNP system, we used it as a selective fluorescence probe in a turn‐on assay of 6‐thioguanine. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear from 0.03 to 1.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.01 μM. The developed method was applied to the analysis of human plasma samples with satisfactory results. 相似文献
Cost-effective “green” methods of producing Ag nanoparticles (NPs) are being examined because of the potential of these NPs as antimicrobials. Ag NPs were generated from Ag ions using extracellular metabolites from a soil-borne Pythium species. The NPs were variable in size, but had one dimension less than 50 nm and were biocoated; aggregation and coating changed with acetone precipitation. They had dose-dependent lethal effects on a soil pseudomonad, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, and were about 30-fold more effective than Ag+ ions. A role of reactive oxygen species in cell death was demonstrated by use of fluorescent dyes responsive to superoxide anion and peroxide accumulation. Also mutants of the pseudomonad, defective in enzymes that protect against oxidative stress, were more sensitive than the wild type strain; mutant sensitivity differed between exposure to Ag NPs and Ag+ ions demonstrating a nano-effect. Imaging of bacterial cells treated with the biocoated Ag NPs revealed no cell lysis, but there were changes in surface properties and cell height. These findings support that biocoating the NPs results in limited Ag release and yet they retained potent antimicrobial activity. 相似文献
Ag nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in a zirconium oxide matrix in the form of Ag:ZrO2 nanocomposite (NC) thin films were synthesized by using the sol–gel technique followed by thermal annealing. With the varying of the concentration of Ag precursor and annealing conditions, average sizes (diameters) of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in the nanocomposite film have been varied from 7 to 20 nm. UV–VIS absorption studies reveal the surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-induced absorption in the visible region, and the SPR peak intensity increases with the increasing of the Ag precursor as well as with the annealing duration. A red shift in SPR peak position with the increase in the Ag precursor concentration confirms the growth of Ag NPs. Surface topographies of these NC films showed that deposited films are dense, uniform, and intact during the variation in annealing conditions. The magnitude and sign of absorptive nonlinearities were measured near the SPR of the Ag NPs with an open-aperture z-scan technique using a nanosecond-pulsed laser. Saturable optical absorption in NC films was identified having saturation intensities in the order of 1012 W/m2. Such values of saturation intensities with the possibility of size-dependent tuning could enable these NC films to be used in nanophotonic applications. 相似文献
The biosynthesized Ag NPs was synthesized by using marine mangrove plant extract Avicennia marina. The synthesized Ag NPs was confirmed by various physiochemical characterization including UV-spectrometer and XRD analysis. In addition, the shape and of the synthesized Ag NPs was morphologically identified by SEM initially and TEM finally. After confirmation, the anti-cancer property of synthesized Ag NPs was confirmed at 50 µg/mL concentration against A549 lung cancer cells by MTT assay. Further, the ability to stimulate the ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane at the IC50 concentration of Ag NPs was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy using DCFH-DA and rhodamine 123 dyes respectively. Finally, the result was concluded that the synthesized Ag NPs has improved anti-cancer activity against A549 cells at lowest concentration. 相似文献
In this work, we investigated the effect of nanosecond laser irradiation at 532?nm on precipitation of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in soda lime glasses doped with silver in the Ag?+??CNa?+? ion-exchange process. Formation and subsequent modification of Ag NPs during laser irradiation were studied by on-line extinction measurements making use of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). These investigations were further completed using scanning and transmission electron microscopies to examine the average size and distribution of nanoparticles within the sample. It has been shown that formation of NPs, its kinetics and the particle size strongly depend on the fluence and the total number of deposited laser pulses. It has been found that Ag NPs form after some specific number of pulses and they rapidly grow in size and number until some maximal value of extinction has been reached. Further irradiation of such samples only results in destruction of precipitated NPs due to photo-breakup, laser ablation confirmed by strong plasma emission observation. Moreover, due to strong irradiation, the host matrix can also be affected by changing its refractive index which manifests as the blue shift of the LSPR. 相似文献
The ability of a natural stabilizing and reducing agent on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was explored using a rapid and single-pot biological reduction method using Nocardiopsis sp. GRG1 (KT235640) biomass. The UV–visible spectral analysis of Ag NPs was found to show a maximum absorption peak located at a wavelength position of ∼422 nm for initial conformation. The major peaks in the XRD pattern were found to be in excellent agreement with the standard values of metallic Ag NPs. No other peaks of impurity phases were observed. The morphology of Ag NPs was confirmed through TEM observation, demonstrating that the particle size distribution of Ag NPs entrenched in spherical particles is in a range between 20 and 50 nm. AFM analysis further supported the nanosized morphology of the synthesized Ag NPs and allowed quantifying the Ag NPs surface roughness. The synthesized Ag NPs showed significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against biofilm positive methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MR-CoNS), which were isolated from urinary tract infection as determined by spectroscopic methods in the concentration range of 5–60 µg/ml. The inhibition of biofilm formation with coloring stain was morphologically imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Morphological alteration of treated bacteria was observed by SEM analysis. The results clearly indicate that these biologically synthesized Ag NPs could provide a safer alternative to conventional antibiofilm agents against uropathogen of MR-CoNS. 相似文献
Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) and Ag nanorings (NRs) have been fabricated. Due to the inherent features of Ag NPs and Ag NRs, strong electromagnetic (EM) near-field distributions were expected, and hence surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity was demonstrated. Size and interparticle gaps distribution of Ag NPs were estimated to be 48.14?±?10.14 nm and 14.11?±?5.24 nm respectively along with estimated coverage density of?~?4?×?1010 cm?2. On the other hand, Ag NRs were found to consist of Ag clusters and of various shapes and sizes, instead of a perfect ring structure. High-resolution FESEM revealed that the individual constituent clusters were different from each other, particularly in terms of size and shape in addition to the cases how such clusters were connected to form the edge of the NR. However, the coverage density of Ag NRs was estimated to be?~?5.6?×?106 cm?2. Based on the scenarios, it was speculated that the local EM near-field distribution would excel and thus led to enhanced SERS signals. SERS enhancement of R6G was estimated as high as 2.18?×?104 and 2.78?×?104 at 610 cm?1 (C???C ring bending mode in phenyl rings) for Ag NPs and Ag NRs respectively. FDTD analysis was carried out to elucidate the EM near-field distributions.
Graphical abstract
Ag NPs and Ag NRs from an ultrathin layer of Ag on ZnO/Glass (middle pane) confirming high EF of R6G adsorbed on Ag NRs (right pane) and Ag NPs (left pane) supported by corresponding EM near-field distributions.
The Caulerpa taxifolia is excellent marine green algae, which produced enormous bioactive compounds with more biological activities. Also, it is an excellent source for synthesis of Ag NPs with increased bioactivity against various infections. In our study, the marine algae marine algae Caulerpa taxifolia mediated Ag NPs was synthesized effectively. The synthesized Ag NPs was characterized well using UV-spectrometer and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and confirmed as synthesized particle was Ag NPs. The available structure of the Ag NPs was morphologically identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and exact minimum size, polydispersive spherical shape of the entire Ag NPs structure was confirmed by Transmission electron microscope (TEM). Further, the anti-cancer efficiency of biosynthesized Ag NPs against A549 lung cancer cells was found at 40 µg/mL concentration by cytotoxicity experiment. In addition, the phase contrast images of the result were supported the Ag NPs, which damaged the A549 morphologically clearly. Finally, florescence microscopic images were effectively proved the anti-cancerous effect against A549 lung cancer cells due to the condensed morphology of increased death cells. All the confirmed in-vitro results were clearly stated that the Caulerpa taxifolia mediated Ag NPs has superior anti-cancer agent against A549 lung cancer cells. 相似文献
Here, we report for the first time the synthesis of bismuth-coated silver nanoparticles in dichroic bismuth glass nanocomposites
by a novel and simple one-step melt quench technique without using any external reducing agent. The metallic silver nanoparticles
(Ag NPs) were generated first, and subsequently, metallic bismuth was deposited on the Ag NPs and formed a thick layer. The
reduction of Bi3+ to Bio and subsequently its deposition on the Ag NPs (which were formed earlier than Bio) in the K2O–Bi2O3–B2O3 (KBB) glass system have been explained by their standard reduction potentials. The UV–vis absorption spectra show a prominent
surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band at 575 nm at lower concentrations (up to 0.01 wt%); three bands at 569, 624
and 780 nm at medium concentration (0.02–0.03 wt%); and two weak bands at 619 and 817 nm at highest concentration (0.06 wt%)
of silver. They have been explained by the electrodynamics theories. TEM images reveal the conversion of spheroidal (5–15 nm)
to hexagonal (10–35 nm) shaped Ag NPs with the increase in concentration of silver (up to 0.06 wt%). SAED pattern confirms
the crystalline planes of rhombohedral bismuth and cubic silver. Thermal treatment at 360 °C, which is the glass transformation
temperature (Tg) of the sample containing lower concentration of silver (0.007 wt%), shows red-shifted SPR band due to increase in size of
NPs. Whereas the sample containing higher concentration (0.06 wt%) of silver under similar treatment exhibited changes in
SPR spectral profile happened due to conversion to spherical NPs from hexagonal shape and reduction in size (10–20 nm) of
NPs after heat treatment for 65 h. HRTEM images corroborate the different orientations of the NPs. FESEM images reveal hexagonal
disk like structure having different orientations. Dichroic nature of the nanocomposites has been explained with the size
and shape of Ag nanoparticles. We believe that this work will create new avenues in the area of nanometal–glass hybrid nanocomposites
and the materials have significant applications in the field of optoelectronics and nanophotonics. 相似文献
We investigated the effect of SiO2 spacer layer thickness between the textured silicon surface and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on solar cell performance using quantum efficiency analysis. Separation of Ag NPs from high index silicon with SiO2 layer led to modified absorption and scattering cross-sections due to graded refractive index medium. The forward scattering from Ag NPs is very sensitive to SiO2 layer thickness in plasmonic silicon cell performance due to the evanescent character of generated near-fields around the NPs. With the optimized ~30–40 nm SiO2 spacer layer, we observed an enhancement of solar cell efficiency from ~8.7 to ~10 %, which is due to the photocurrent enhancement in the off-resonance surface plasmon region. We also estimated minority carrier diffusion lengths (Leff) from internal quantum efficiency data, which are also sensitive to SiO2 spacer layer thickness. We observed that the Leff values are enhanced from ~356 to ~420 μm after placing Ag NPs on ~40 nm spacer layer due to improved forward (angular) scattering of light from the Ag NPs into silicon. 相似文献
AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles on dose enhancement factor using PRESAGE dosimeter and Monte Carlo simulation.BackgroundHigh Z materials absorb X-ray remarkably. Among Nano-science, Zinc Oxide nanoparticles are interesting semiconductors, producing reactive oxygen species when irradiated by photons. Therefore, it seems that dose enhancement originating by incorporating ZnO NPs in irradiated volume would increase the therapeutic ratio.Materials and methodsInitially, the PRESAGE dosimeter was fabricated and calibrated. Then Zinc Oxide nanoparticles with an average particle size of about 40 nm were synthesized. At next step, various concentrations of the nanoparticles were incorporated into the PRESAGE composition and irradiated in radiation fields. Then, the mentioned processes were simulated.ResultsPractical measurements revealed that by incorporating 500, 1000 and 3000 μg ml−1 ZnO NPs into PRESAGE the dose enhancement factor of 1.36, 1.39, 1.44 for 1 × 1 cm 2 field size, 1.39, 1.41, 1.46 for 2 × 2 cm 2 and 1.40, 1.45 and 1.50 for 3 × 3 cm 2 could be found, respectively. Simulation results showed that in the mentioned condition, the dose enhancement factor of 1.05, 1.08, 1.10 for 1 × 1 cm 2 field size, 1.06, 1.09, 1.10 for 2 × 2 cm 2 and 1.08, 1.11 and 1.13 for 3 × 3 cm 2 could be derived, respectively.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that dose enhancement increases by increasing concentration of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles. Many reasons such as photoelectric, pair production effects and even Compton scattering can cause dose enhancement for megavoltage beams. 相似文献
Water dispersible zinc sulfide quantum dots (ZnS QDs) with an average diameter of 2.9 nm were synthesized in an environment
friendly method using chitosan as stabilizing agent. These nanocrystals displayed characteristic absorption and emission spectra
having an absorbance edge at 300 nm and emission maxima (λemission) at 427 nm. Citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) of ca. 37-nm diameter were prepared by modified Turkevich process.
The fluorescence of ZnS QDs was significantly quenched in presence of Ag NPs in a concentration-dependent manner with Ksv value of 9 × 109 M−1. The quenching mechanism was analyzed using Stern–Volmer plot which indicated mixed nature of quenching. Static mechanism
was evident from the formation of electrostatic complex between positively charged ZnS QDs and negatively charged Ag NPs as
confirmed by absorbance study. Due to excellent overlap between ZnS QDs emission and surface plasmon resonance band of Ag
NPs, the role of energy transfer process as an additional quenching mechanism was investigated by time-resolved fluorescence
measurements. Time-correlated single-photon counting study demonstrated decrease in average lifetime of ZnS QDs fluorescence
in presence of Ag NPs. The corresponding F?rster distance for the present QD–NP pair was calculated to be 18.4 nm. 相似文献