烧伤病区感染常见病原菌及抗生素的选择

目的探讨内江市第一人民医院烧伤病区感染的常见病原菌及其对常用抗生素的耐药性．以指导临床抗生素的选择,提出防治措施。方法对1999年1月～2003年12月该院烧伤病区患者因感染而分离出的658株病原菌进行回顾性分析。结果分离出的658株病原菌中．革兰阴性菌425株(64．6％),革兰阳性菌209株(31．8％)．真菌24株(3．6％)。主要病原菌分别为铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和阴沟肠杆菌。药敏提示除真菌外的大多数病原菌出现多重耐药性。革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、头孢西丁和妥布霉素较为敏感。革兰阳性球菌对替考拉丁和万古霉素高度敏感。结论烧伤感染中以铜绿假单胞菌为主．其次为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌。了解病原菌的结构及其变化趋势．对于加强抗感染治疗的针对性和主动性,取得最佳的感染防治效果具有重要意义。     

Sensitivity of Shigella to antibiotics]

Three hundred and twenty two Shigella cultures isolated from dysentery patients within 1986-1989 were tested with the use of standard paper disks for their sensitivity to levomycetin, streptomycin, tetracycline, monomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, carbenicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, methicillin and doxycycline. The number of the cultures belonging to Shigella sonnei amounted to 85.1 per cent of the total number of the strains studied. 91.9, 89.5, 87.3, 87.3, 80.1 and 80.1 per cent of the cultures were sensitive to gentamicin, kanamycin, carbenicillin, neomycin, levomycetin and ampicillin, respectively. 99.4 per cent of the isolates were resistant to streptomycin and 97.2 per cent were resistant to tetracycline. The sensitivity to erythromycin remained rather high (70.2 per cent). The overwhelming majority of the Shigella sonnei isolates had multiple resistance.