微生态制剂丽珠肠乐治疗肠易激综合征

目的 :观察微生态制剂丽珠肠乐治疗肠易激综合征的疗效。方法 :门诊随机选择 4 2例肠易激综合征患者接受丽珠肠乐口服两周 ,观察患者多种症状如腹痛、腹胀、腹泻、便秘、腹泻便秘交替、黏液便、排便不尽感的变化。结果 :使用丽珠肠乐治疗后 ,患者上述症状有不同程度缓解 ,总有效率为 83 33%。双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌显著升高 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :微生态制剂丽珠肠乐是治疗肠易激综合征的一种安全、有效的药物。     

双歧杆菌活菌制剂辅助治疗慢性肝炎和肝硬化

应用常规保肝治疗和加用丽珠肠乐二组（对照组和治疗组）共治疗１２０例。治疗组和对照组比较,结果如下：临床症状总有效率在慢迁肝,慢活肝及肝硬化中ｐ值均＜０．０１。慢迁肝中在ＡＬＴ复常中Ｐ＜０．０５,肝硬化中在ＡＬＴ下降、ＳＢ下降、白蛋白上升及鲎血试验转阴中ｐ值分别为＜０．０１、＜０．０１、＜０．０５和＜０．０１。本文提出在慢性肝炎、肝硬化常规保肝治疗基础上再加用丽珠肠乐能取得较好疗效,值得推广应用。     

微生态制剂和肠道菌群与亚健康

本研究简述了亚健康的普遍性及其危害,提出用微生态制剂和肠道正常菌群来调理亚健康的理念,即调理消化系统、呼吸系统;增强免疫功能;调理代谢和其他病前的亚健康;调理心理亚健康。     

微生态制剂用于肠道系统疾病与其药物的比较

1对象与方法 我们在2002年5月～2003年7月对400例患者按随机分为两组.一组用微生态制剂作为治疗组,另一组用临床常用药物如抗生素,消化系统用药及思密达等作为对照组,每组是200人.通过一年多的临床观察,确定微生态制剂用于肠道系统疾病收到十分满意的治疗效果.具体见表1.     

微生态制剂辅助治疗肝硬化肝性脑病的疗效及对肠道菌群的影响

目的 探讨微生态制剂对肝硬化肝性脑病患者的辅助治疗及对肠道菌群的影响,为该病的治疗提供参考。 方法 选择2016年2月至2019年2月我院门诊及住院病房收治的肝硬化肝性脑病患者70例,参照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各35例。对照组患者接受临床常规治疗,研究组患者在对照组治疗方案基础上加用双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗。所有患者均持续治疗2周。对比两组患者的治疗效果及血氨、肝功能指标[总胆红素(TBil)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)]、肠道黏膜屏障功能指标[内毒素、二胺氧化酶、D 乳酸]水平和肠道菌群分布的差异,记录患者治疗期间药物相关不良反应情况。 结果 治疗后,研究组患者治疗有效率高于对照组患者(94.29% vs 77.14%,χ2=4.200,P=0.040)。研究组患者血氨、TBil、AST、ALT、内毒素、二胺氧化酶、D 乳酸水平均低于对照组(均P结论 双歧杆菌四联活菌片在改善肝硬化肝性脑病患者病情方面具有积极作用,可能与其优化肠道菌群的作用密切相关。     

肠道微生态与骨质疏松症

骨质疏松症是一种骨代谢障碍所致的全身性骨骼疾病,严重威胁着老龄人群的身心健康。肠道微生态(intestinal microecology, GM)是人体内最重要且最为复杂的微生态系统,对营养吸收、免疫调节、免疫防御、生长发育等有重要作用。GM失衡与炎症性肠病、糖尿病、心血管疾病、帕金森病、骨质疏松症等疾病的发生发展密切相关。肠道菌群丰度及菌群结构的改变可能与骨量减少有关,且经益生菌、益生元及天然中草药改善GM失衡后,骨质疏松症得到改善。本文就GM与骨质疏松症之间的关系、可能机制及治疗进展进行综述。     

微生态制剂治疗肝性脑病疗效观察及护理体会

摘要：目的 探讨微生态制剂治疗肝性脑病的临床疗效及护理方法。方法 选取2011年6月至2013年9月来绍兴市第六人民医院治疗的肝性脑病患者56例,随机分为微生态治疗组及对照组,每组各28例,对照组采用常规综合治疗,微生态治疗组在采用常规综合治疗的基础上加服微生态制剂,比较8周后两组患者的治疗效果、血氨以及转氨酶水平的变化,并总结护理措施。结果 微生态治疗组治疗有效率为92.9%,明显高于对照组的78.6%（P<0.05）;微生态治疗组治疗后的血氨水平明显低于对照组;两组患者治疗后谷丙转氨酶水平较治疗前均显著下降（P<0.05）,但两组比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 在常规综合治疗的基础上加服微生态制剂可以有效改善肝性脑病患者的治疗效果。同时,积极合理的护理措施有助于提高治疗质量,促进患者病情好转。     

微生态制剂治疗肝性脑病疗效观察及护理体会

目的探讨微生态制剂治疗肝性脑病的临床疗效及护理方法。方法选取2011年6月至2013年9月来绍兴市第六人民医院治疗的肝性脑病患者56例,随机分为微生态治疗组及对照组,每组各28例,对照组采用常规综合治疗,微生态治疗组在采用常规综合治疗的基础上加服微生态制剂,比较8周后两组患者的治疗效果、血氨以及转氨酶水平的变化,并总结护理措施。结果微生态治疗组治疗有效率为92.9%,明显高于对照组的78.6%(P0.05);微生态治疗组治疗后的血氨水平明显低于对照组;两组患者治疗后谷丙转氨酶水平较治疗前均显著下降(P0.05),但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在常规综合治疗的基础上加服微生态制剂可以有效改善肝性脑病患者的治疗效果。同时,积极合理的护理措施有助于提高治疗质量,促进患者病情好转。     

丽珠肠乐治疗直肠癌术后肠道菌群失调临床疗效观察

本文对４２例直肠癌根治术患者术后服用丽珠肠乐进行肠道菌群分析及观察术后患者合并腹泻等影响康复的变化情况。结果：口服丽珠肠乐病人菌群失调恢复明显,优于治疗组,术后腹泻时间缩短,降低了感染率。表明丽珠肠乐有改善直肠癌病人菌群失调及免疫功能,增强定植抗力,加快病人术后康复的使用。     

微生态制剂治疗轻微肝性脑病的有效性及安全性分析

评价微生态制剂治疗轻度肝性脑病(MHE)的有效性及安全性。

检索自建库至2020年9月在中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library等数据库收录的关于微生态制剂治疗MHE的临床随机对照试验。

共纳入21篇文献, 包括1 543例患者。结果显示, 2组研究对象比较, 微生态制剂能提高双歧杆菌、乳杆菌水平, 差异有统计学意义[MD=1.82, 95%CI(1.19, 2.44), Z=5.70, P < 0.000 1;MD=1.74, 95%CI(0.95, 2.54), Z=4.30, P < 0.000 1], 降低肠杆菌水平[MD=-1.27, 95%CI(-1.97, -0.57), Z=3.55, P=0.000 4], 而肠球菌水平差异无统计学意义(P > 0.050 0);2组研究对象比较, 微生态制剂可显著降低血氨水平、ET水平[SMD=-0.83, 95%CI(-1.08, -0.58), Z=6.43, P < 0.000 1;MD=-0.08, 95%CI(-0.14, -0.01), Z=2.35, P=0.020 0];2组研究对象比较, 微生态制剂可显著降低数字连接试验A(NCT-A)用时[MD=-16.46, 95%CI(-21.33, -11.59), Z=6.63, P < 0.000 1], 而数字符号试验(DST)差异无统计学意义(P > 0.050 0);2组研究对象比较, 微生态制剂可降低终末期肝病模型评分(MELD)、Child-Pugh评分、OHE发生率[MD=-2.41, 95%CI(-3.87, -0.95), Z=3.24, P=0.001 0;MD=-1.54, 95%CI(-1.92, -1.16), Z=7.95, P < 0.000 1; OR=0.32, 95%CI(0.20, 0.52), Z=4.66, P < 0.000 1], 并显著提高临床有效率[OR=4.95, 95%CI(2.48, 9.86), Z=4.55, P < 0.000 1], 但不会增加不良反应[OR=0.48, 95%CI(0.12, 1.91), Z=1.04, P=0.300 0]。

微生态制剂可基于调节肠道菌群平衡有效改善MHE, 可防止OHE的发生, 且安全性好, 有望成为治疗MHE的最新选择。

     

微生态制剂辅助治疗婴儿巨细胞病毒肝炎的疗效观察

目的观察微生态制剂辅助治疗婴儿巨细胞病毒肝炎的疗效。方法巨细胞病毒肝炎婴儿74例,随机分为2组。对照组给予常规保肝治疗;治疗组给予常规治疗+乐托尔1粒Bid口服。疗程2周,比较TB(总胆红素)、DB(结合胆红素)、ALT(谷丙转氨酶)和AST(谷草转氨酶)变化。结果治疗组TB、DB和AST较对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论微生态制剂辅助治疗婴儿巨细胞病毒肝炎有一定的疗效。     

The withdrawal of antimicrobial treatment as a mechanism for defeating resistant microorganisms

Antimicrobial resistance is a major concern in health care and farming settings throughout the world. The level of antimicrobial resistance continues to increase and the requirement for a novel and possibly dramatic change in therapy choices is required. One possible mechanism for overcoming resistance is the actual removal of antimicrobial treatment from the therapeutic armoury. This review examines the potential for success of a policy advocating the reduction of antimicrobial use and additionally the withdrawal of such treatments. Evidence from agriculture suggests that the removal of certain drugs from animal husbandry can result in concomitant falls in certain drug resistances in human patients.     

微生态制剂（培菲康）治疗新生儿高胆红素血症临床疗效评价

目的评价微生态制剂（培菲康）治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的临床疗效。方法110例在福建医科大学附属第一医院儿科住院治疗的新生儿高胆红素血症患儿分为治疗组和对照组;对照组65例给予肝酶诱导剂、光疗等综合治疗;治疗组45例在综合治疗基础上加用培菲康治疗。治疗前后检测患儿血清总胆红素和间接胆红素含量。采用SPSS11.0软件包进行统计学分析,α=0.05为显著性检验标准。结果时间-效应分析显示培菲康治疗组和对照组血清总胆红素下降值及95%CI（μmol/L）分别为142.6（126.7～158.4）、74.1（66.9～81.3）,血清间接胆红素下降值及95%CI（μmol/L）为115.7（103.3～128.1）、62.6（53.7～71.7）,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;多元Cox回归分析显示患儿年龄、体重、孕周、入院前病程、入院血清总胆红素值/间接胆红素值及应用培菲康治疗为影响高胆红素血症患儿血清总胆红素/间接胆红素下降的主要因素;治疗组和对照组治愈例数（治愈率）分别为37例（82.2%）、8例（17.8%）,好转例数（好转率）分别为47例（72.3%）、10例（27.7%）,χ^2=1.448,P=0.229。2组均未见明显不良反应发生。结论应用培菲康治疗新生儿高胆红素,可促进胆红素分解和排泄,减少肠肝循环,减少肠道重吸收未结合胆红素,是治疗新生儿高胆红素血症一种可靠、安全的药物。     

联合疗法对慢性乙型肝炎患者红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的观察拉米夫定与氧化苦参碱单用及联合治疗对慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者红细胞免疫功能的影响.方法 77例CHB患者随机分成拉米夫定组、氧化苦参碱组和两者联合治疗组,分别对其红细胞膜CD35、CD44s分子定量、红细胞天然免疫粘附功能(CR1分子粘附活性)、红细胞CR1分子密度相关基因型进行测定.结果各组CHB患者红细胞粘附肿瘤细胞能力治疗后较治疗前明显上升(P＜0.05);3组药物对CHB患者红细胞CR1和CD44s分子数量有明显提高作用(P＜0.01),联合组最显著;77例CHB患者治疗前后CR1分子密度相关基因多态性表达型别比率无变化,但CR1分子数量发生明显变化(P＜0.05).结论联合疗法可明显提高CHB患者红细胞免疫功能.     

Trialling of an optimal health programme (OHP) across chronic disease

Population ageing is a worldwide phenomenon, most advanced in developed countries and expected to continue over the next few decades. As people are surviving longer with age-associated disease and disability, there is an imperative to identify innovative solutions for an already overburdened health care system. Such innovations need to be focused on disease management, taking into consideration the strong associations that have been established between psychosocial factors and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with chronic disease. Aside from personal and community costs, chronic diseases produce a significant economic burden due to the culmination of health care costs and lost productivity. This commentary reports on a programme of research, Translating Research, Integrated Public Health Outcomes and Delivery, which will evaluate an optimal health programme that adopts a person-centred approach and engages collaborative therapy to educate, support and improve the psychosocial health of those with chronic disease. The effectiveness of the optimal health programme will be evaluated across three of the most significant contributors to disease burden: diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and stroke. Cost-effectiveness will also be evaluated. The findings derived from this series of randomised controlled trials will also provide evidence attesting to the potential applicability of the optimal health programme in other chronic conditions.     

Genus Ziziphus for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases

Natural products and traditional medicine are rich sources for developing therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the way from natural products/traditional medicines to Western pharmaceutical practices is not always straightforward. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), chronic diseases are the greatest threat to human health. 3 of 5 people die due to chronic inflammatory disorders worldwide like chronic respiratory diseases, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and obesity. Various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to reduce inflammation and pain, but there are many side effects of these drugs' administration. Medicinal plants have therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects with low or no side effects. Ziziphus plant species are generally safe and not toxic to humans. Many studies on the Ziziphus species have shown that their therapeutic properties are attributed to the roots, leaves and fruits. Unfortunately, Ziziphus species from different regions worldwide with anti-inflammatory properties have not been documented in a single review paper. Therefore, it is crucial to establish ethnobotanical knowledge and applications of Ziziphus species against chronic inflammatory diseases. The current article exhaustively reviews phytochemical profile, pharmacological studies, toxicological effects, and ethnobotanical uses of Genus Ziziphus in chronic anti-inflammatory diseases. The present review article also highlights the most promising experimental data on Ziziphus extracts and pure compounds active in clinical trials and animal models of chronic inflammatory diseases. This review would be a valuable resource for contemporary researchers in the field to understand the promising role of the Ziziphus genus in chronic inflammatory disorders.     

Factors affecting the removal of organic micropollutants from wastewater in conventional treatment plants (CTP) and membrane bioreactors (MBR)

As a consequence of insufficient removal during treatment of wastewater released from industry and households, different classes of organic micropollutants are nowadays detected in surface and drinking water. Among these micropollutants, bioactive substances, e.g., endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceuticals, have been incriminated in negative effects on living organisms in aquatic biotope. Much research was done in the last years on the fate and removal of those compounds from wastewater. An important point it is to understand the role of applied treatment conditions (sludge retention time (SRT), biomass concentration, temperature, pH value, dominant class of micropollutants, etc.) for the efficiency of conventional treatment plants (CTP) and membrane bioreactors (MBR) concerning the removal of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, steroid- and xeno-estrogens. Nevertheless, the removal rates differ even from one compound to the other and are related to the physico-chemical characteristics of the xenobiotics.     

Implication of Interleukin (IL)-18 in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Interleukin (IL)-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that was firstly described as an interferon (IFN)-γ-inducing factor. Similar to IL-1β, IL-18 is synthesized as an inactive precursor requiring processing by caspase-1 into an active cytokine. The platform for activating caspase-1 is known as the inflammasome, a multiple protein complex. Macrophages and dendritic cells are the primary sources for the release of active IL-18, whereas the inactive precursor remains in the intracellular compartment of mesenchymal cells. Finally, the IL-18 precursor is released from dying cells and processed extracellularly.IL-18 has crucial host defense and antitumor activities, and gene therapy to increase IL-18 levels in tissues protects experimental animals from infection and tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, multiple studies in experimental animal models have shown that IL-18 over-expression results to emphysematous lesions in mice. The published data prompt to the hypothesis that IL-18 induces a broad spectrum of COPD-like inflammatory and remodeling responses in the murine lung and also induces a mixed type 1, type 2, and type 17 cytokine responses. The majority of studies identify IL-18 as a potential target for future COPD therapeutics to limit both the destructive and remodeling processes occurring in COPD lungs.     

益生菌、益生元对慢性肾脏疾病治疗的研究进展

益生菌是近些年来的研究热点,其对人体的有益作用越来越被关注,其在治疗众多疾病上有显著效果,本文将分析和总结益生菌对慢性肾脏疾病（chronic kidney disease,CKD）方面的重要影响。益生菌通过黏液层、上皮层、肠相关淋巴组织这三个层次对肠道进行作用,并且增加黏液和上皮细胞紧密连接以及上皮细胞的存活力来增强肠道屏障,而且又可以发挥营养作用。在其对CKD的影响中,益生菌、益生元和合生元可以降低尿毒症毒素,也可以减少免疫炎症的反应,提高肾功能和生活质量。益生菌组合剂量、益生菌与益生元组合方式都会影响益生菌制剂的效果,并且个体肠道的差异以及抗生素的使用等也都对实验有影响。本综述包括了益生菌对CKD的潜在作用机制和研究方法的进展,对以后精准医疗模式下防治CKD提供新的思路和靶点。     

酪酸梭菌二联活菌对慢性乙肝患者乙肝病毒DNA 及肠道菌群比值的影响

目的探究酪酸梭菌二联活菌对慢性乙肝患者乙肝病毒(HBV)DNA及肠道菌群比值的影响。方法选取2017年6月至2018年9月我院传染科诊治的80例慢性乙肝患者进行研究,按照随机数字表分为观察组(40例)与对照组(40例)。对照组患者采用常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用酪酸梭菌二联活菌胶囊治疗。收集治疗前与治疗2周后患者血清及粪便标本,观察血清及粪便中HBV DNA、9种肠道菌群数量、血清细胞因子、肝功能指标及患者不良反应。结果观察组患者血清HBV DNA阴转率(30.0%)高于粪便HBV DNA阴转率(15.0%)。观察组患者肠道双歧杆菌、肠杆菌科细菌数量治疗前后差值明显低于对照组(均P0.05),而肠球菌数量治疗前后差值明显高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者肠道肠杆菌科细菌/肠球菌比值、肠杆菌科细菌/梭菌属比值、肠杆菌科细菌/白假丝酵母比值、肠杆菌科细菌/拟杆菌属比值、肠杆菌科细菌/普雷沃氏菌属比值、肠杆菌科细菌/瘤胃球菌属比值治疗前后差值明显小于对照组(均P0.05);观察组肠球菌/双歧杆菌比值、肠球菌/乳杆菌比值、肠球菌/梭菌属比值、肠球菌/白假丝酵母比值、肠球菌/拟杆菌属比值、肠球菌/瘤胃球菌属比值、梭菌属/双歧杆菌比值、白假丝酵母/双歧杆菌比值、普雷沃氏菌属/双歧杆菌比值治疗前后差值大于对照组(均P0.05)。观察组患者IL-17A、IL-17C、IL-17D、IL-17F治疗前后差值明显低于对照组(均P0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组患者谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、谷氨酰转肽酶治疗前后差值较高,总胆红素治疗前后差值较低(均P0.05)。观察组患者总不良反应率(12.5%)明显低于对照组总不良反应率(32.5%)。结论酪酸梭菌二联活菌治疗慢性乙肝患者有助于降低乙肝病毒DNA及IL-17家族成员水平,改善肠道菌群比值紊乱,安全可靠。