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1.
J. Matallanas 《Journal of fish biology》1990,37(3):449-453
Ophidion lozanoi n.sp. is characterized by four rakers in the lower limb of the first gill arch; a large rostra1 spine; 24–26 pectoral rays; four rows of palatine teeth, and body squamation beginning at the occiput. 相似文献
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The Phoronida is a phylum of marine invertebrates that have a worldwide distribution and that form huge benthic aggregations in many aquatic areas. Although there are only 11 recognized species of phoronids, many species clearly remain to be described. The matching of larval and adult stages of the same species will help indicate which larvae belong to described species and which represent undescribed species whose adults have yet to be found. Larvae of four phoronid species were collected in Nha Trang Bay and investigated by light microscopy and molecular methods. Three of the described larvae belong to new phoronid species that have yet to be named. These larvae have unique morphological features and occupy separate positions on the phylogenetic tree of phoronids. One of the described larvae belongs to Phoronis hippocrepia or to a closely related species. Observations made with a new macrophotographic method indicated that Phoronopsis californica also occurs in Nha Trang Bay. Thus, according to records of larvae and adults, Nha Trang Bay contains at least nine phoronid species: Phoronopsis californica, Phoronopsis malakhovi, Phoronis australis, Phoronis hippocrepia (or a closely related species), three unknown phoronid species whose larvae have unique morphological features and that apparently belong to the genus Phoronis, and two species, whose adults have unique set of morphological features. The richness of phoronids in this area suggests that the Indo-Pacific is a centre of phoronid biodiversity. 相似文献
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NIGEL E. STORK PETER S. GRIMBACHER ROSS STOREY ROLF G. OBERPRIELER CHRIS REID S. ADAM SLIPINSKI 《Insect Conservation and Diversity》2008,1(2):114-119
Abstract.
- 1 The rainforest canopy has been called ‘the last biological frontier’, and if this is true, there should be more undescribed species in this stratum than the ground stratum.
- 2 Here, we test this and other hypotheses regarding traits of described and undescribed species by a sub‐sample of 156 species into 96 described and 60 undescribed species from a beetle assemblage of 1473 species collected from the canopy and ground in an Australian lowland rainforest.
- 3 We show that described species are significantly more likely to be in the canopy, are more likely to be larger and, if they are large, are more likely to have been described earlier.
- 4 Undescribed species are just as likely to be found near the ground as in the canopy and are more likely to be smaller.
- 5 After the first year of sampling, ‘new’ described and undescribed species not previously encountered continued to appear in each of three further years of trapping.
- 6 These data show that the canopy fauna is in fact relatively ‘well known’, and that the undescribed species to be found in both strata are likely to be smaller than described species and are less likely to be plant feeders.
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台湾和日本处在不同的地理纬度上,同属岛屿海洋性气候,前者地域面积远小于后者,拟步甲的物种多样性却大于后者。为弄清楚这些科学问题,作者采用G-F指数对从台湾到日本不同纬度梯度上的拟步甲多样性分布格局进行了比较分析,得到如下初步结论：(1) G-F指数从大到小依次是：台湾(21°N-25°N)(0．826)>日本(24°N-45°N)(0．824)>日本Ⅱ纬度区(30°N-35°N)(0．792)>日本Ⅰ纬度区(24°N-30°N)(0．765)>日本Ⅲ纬度区(35°N-40°N)(0．761)>日本Ⅳ纬度区(40°N-45°N)(0．603);(2)台湾拟步甲属的多样性(DG)、族的多样性(DF)和G-F指数(DG-F)均最高,分别是4．263、24．464和0．826;(3)各纬度上拟步甲的物种分布情况：台湾(21°N-25°N)(541种)>日本(24°N-45°N)(489种)>日本Ⅰ纬度区(24°N-30°N)(257种)>日本Ⅱ纬度区(30° N-35° N)(231种)>日本Ⅲ纬度区(35° N-40° N)(172种)>日本Ⅳ纬度区(40° N-45° N)(60种)。研究数据显示, G-F指数能较好地反映台湾和日本各地拟步甲族、属的多样性。其物种多样性在纬度上的分布表现为从南向北递减的趋势,并对其基本原因进行分析。作者首次基于台湾和日本两个岛屿拟步甲物种多样性的比较分析,对现有岛屿生物多样性的有关理论提出个人看法,认为岛屿生物地理学的“物种-面积关系理论”中的“岛屿面积越大,物种数量就越多”可能存在一定的局限性,不一定能客观地反映种类众多的现生岛屿昆虫物种多样性的实际情况。 相似文献
6.
I Chiu Liao 《Hydrobiologia》1997,352(1-3):167-180
Stock enhancement started in Taiwan with the building and casting of artificial reefs in 1973. It was only in late 1987, however, that an integrated program on the operation and establishment of a stock enhancement system was developed. In addition to building artificial reefs and establishing resource protection zones to create fishing grounds, the current stock enhancement program in Taiwan aims at restocking broodstock and fry or seeds. So far, seven species of finfish, four species of mollusks, and six species of crustaceans have been restocked. A total of 5.8 million finfish fry, 5 million molluskan seeds, and 30 million crustacean larvae with some eel and prawn broodstocks have been released up to 1996. Although there are plans to establish sea-farming centers in Taiwan, the organization of the system has not been established completely. Furthermore, regulations on resource augmentation, protection and management of coastal fisheries and stock enhancement are absent or lacking. The success of stock enhancement depends on the pollution control that is in place in coastal areas and the fishermen‘s awareness of the importance of resource conservation and their involvement. The paper discusses the status,problems and prospects of stock enhancement in Taiwan, with some viewpoints in population genetics. It also refers to some experience in Japanese sea-farming. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Katsuyuki Terada 《Mycoscience》1995,36(3):293-309
TheLaboulbenia exigua group comprises seven species. Three of these species are described as new to science, and two new varieties ofL. exigua and one new variety ofL. balazucii are distinguished and described. New taxa areL. yamadae, L. consobrina, L. gebleri, L. exigua var.yaeyamae, L. exigua var.melanolabiata andL. balazucii var.exilis. This fungus group is characterized by grayish yellow to gray-brown thalli with simple inner and outer appendages, dark-spotted or streaked receptacles, and perithecia containing narrow ascospores 3–4–(–5) µm in width; the species and varieties occur onChlaenius (Carabidae) and closely allied taxa. The bilobed apex of mature perithecium, owing to the rounded apices of the posterior apical cells of the outer wall cell rows, and 3-celled, curved inner appendage in young thalli, and the deciduous antheridium are also characteristic of this group. 相似文献
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Dorsal-fin spines are becoming increasingly popular as a suitable structure for ageing some chondrichthyan fishes. However, the terminology used to describe dorsal-fin structure is often inconsistent between studies, and is consequently unclear. Standardised terms and definitions of the dorsal-fin spine structure are proposed, with particular focus on those areas that are used for age and growth studies. 相似文献
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The long‐snouted African spurdog Squalus bassi sp. nov. is described based on material collected from the outer shelf and upper continental slope off South Africa and Mozambique. Squalus bassi shares with S. mitsukurii, S. montalbani, S. chloroculus, S. grahami, S. griffini, S. edmundsi, S. quasimodo and S. lobularis a large snout with prenarial length greater than distance between nostrils and upper labial furrows, dermal denticles tricuspidate and rhomboid and elevated number of vertebrae. Squalus bassi can be distinguished from all its congeners by a combination of body and fin colouration, external morphometrics, vertebral counts and shape of dermal denticles. Similar long‐snouted congeners from the Indo‐Pacific region, including S. montalbani, S. edmundsi and S. lalannei are compared in detail with the new species. This new species has been misidentified as the Japanese S. mitsukurii and the Mediterranean S. blainvillei due to the lack of comparative morphological analyses. The validity of the nominal species S. mitsukurii in the south‐eastern Atlantic Ocean and western Indian Ocean is also clarified herein, indicating it has a more restricted geographical distribution in the North Pacific Ocean. 相似文献
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Hydrobiologia - The history of the study of turbellarians in China and Japan through the early twentieth Century is reviewed. Up to the middle of the 19th Century, knowledge of the natural history... 相似文献
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Sylvain Adnet Henri Cappetta 《Lethaia: An International Journal of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy》2001,34(3):234-248
Squaliformes comprise the major proportion of modern deep-water sharks, yet their fossil history and phylogenetic relationships are still poorly understood. New analyses have been undertaken, however, and new living and fossil species have been discovered during the past 10 years. A cladistic analysis involving 29 dental characters has been made and most living and fossil genera are included. On the basis of their dental morphology, the monophyly of the Squaliformes can be supported if the fossil genus Protospinax is excluded. The traditional phylogenetic positions of most living genera, Protosqualus, Cretascymnus and Eoetmopterus, are confirmed despite the fact that the Oxynotidae, Etmopterinae, Palaeomicroides, Proetmopterus and Microetmopterus have some atypical phylogenetic relationships within the Squaliformes. The addition of the palaeontological data in a phylogenetic tree including fossil and living Squaliformes demonstrates some gaps in the fossil record. Nevertheless, and as a consequence of that stratigraphy-phylogeny inference, two particular events can be pinpointed in the history of the Squaliformes: the first one occurs after the major Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event and the second one after the Cretaceous/Tertiary crisis. The first radiation involves the majority of the living Squaliformes (Somniosinae, Centrophorinae, most of the Etmopterinae, Oxynotinae) in deep-sea waters, the second, the more epipelagic sharks (most of the Dalatiidae), suggesting a secondary adaptation to more shallow environments. 相似文献
14.
Taisuke Kanao 《Entomological Science》2017,20(1):451-461
Hodotermopsiphila gen. nov. is described to include four termitophilous species: H. maruyamai sp. nov. (Yaku‐shima, Japan), H. nitens sp. nov. (Yaku‐shima, Japan), H. longisetosa sp. nov. (Taiwan), and H. sugayai sp. nov. (Taiwan and northern Laos). These species are associated with the damp‐wood termite, Hodotermopsis sjostedti Holmgren, 1911. Hodotermopsiphila species share possible apomorphic character states with three termitophilous species, Hodotermophilus gloriosus, Yakuus iwatai, and Termophidoholus formosanus, which are also associated with H. sjostedti. 相似文献
15.
我国浙江与日本和我国台湾森林植物区系的联系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
作者在“试论浙江省森林植物区系”一文中对我国浙江与日本和我国台湾森林植物区系的联系已作了扼要的说明,本文就是在此基础上作更详尽的论述。浙江省东濒大海,隔海相望,东北方向有日本,其本部岛屿的南端为九州,和浙江北部的纬度相近,具有亚热带气候特征,出现了和浙江相类似的常绿阔叶林和竹林,九 相似文献
16.
Monociliated surface cells were found for the first time in an elasmobranch and were common on embryos of Scyliorhinus canicula . They occurred mainly near the anterior end, until Ballard stage 30, but disappeared soon thereafter. The functions of surface ciliated cells suggested in other embryos ( e.g. surface currents in lungfishes and amphibians, and determination of left–right patterns in amniotes) seem unlikely in elasmobranchs. 相似文献
17.
Masahiro Sueyoshi 《法国昆虫学会纪事》2013,49(1):24-26
The Japanese Clusiidae are revised and 23 species, including 12 species new to science, are recognized and keyed. Clusiodes angulosus n. sp., Clusiodes discostylus n. sp., Clusiodes tobi n. sp., Clusiodes usikumuri n. sp., Craspedochaeta varicolor n. sp., Heteromeringia crenulata n. sp., Heteromeringia quadrispinosa n. sp., Heteromeringia sexramifera n. sp., Heteromeringia yamata n. sp., Phylloclusia quadrivittata n. sp., Sobarocephala uncinata n. sp., and Tetrameringia borealis n. sp. were described as new. Distribution records were compiled and mapped. Transitional climatic zone between the warm and cool temperate zones is possibly suggested as one of the most richest temperate area in terms of Japanese clusiid species richness. Hendelia beckeri Czerny 1903, Paraclusia japonica Sasakawa 1957, and Clusiodes plumosus Sasakawa 1964 are broadly distributed over all the Japanese temperate forests, but these are not always most abundant species. The clusiid assemblage was heterogeneous in the species composition among various forest types. The femalebiased sample caught by Malaise traps and distinction of clusiid species composition between temperate and subtropical zones are also pointed out. 相似文献
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In Europe, the last 20 years have seen a spectacular increase in accidental introductions of marine species, but it has recently been suggested that both the actual number of invaders and their impacts have been seriously underestimated because of the prevalence of sibling species in marine habitats. The red alga Polysiphonia harveyi is regarded as an alien in the British Isles and Atlantic Europe, having appeared in various locations there during the past 170 years. Similar or conspecific populations are known from Atlantic North America and Japan. To choose between three competing hypotheses concerning the origin of P. harveyi in Europe, we employed rbcL sequence analysis in conjunction with karyological and interbreeding data for samples and isolates of P. harveyi and various congeners from the Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. All cultured isolates of P. harveyi were completely interfertile, and there was no evidence of polyploidy or aneuploidy. Thus, this biological species is both morphologically and genetically variable: intraspecific rbcL divergences of up to 2.1% are high even for red algae. Seven rbcL haplotypes were identified. The four most divergent haplotypes were observed in Japanese samples from Hokkaido and south-central Honshu, which are linked by hypothetical 'missing' haplotypes that may be located in northern Honshu. These data are consistent with Japan being the centre of diversity and origin for P. harveyi. Two non-Japanese lineages were linked to Hokkaido and Honshu, respectively. A single haplotype was found in all North Atlantic and Mediterranean accessions, except for North Carolina, where the haplotype found was the same as that invading in New Zealand and California. The introduction of P. harveyi into New Zealand has gone unnoticed because P. strictissima is a morphologically indistinguishable native sibling species. The sequence divergence between them is 4-5%, greater than between some morphologically distinct red algal species. Two different types of cryptic invasions of P. harveyi have therefore occurred. In addition to its introduction as a cryptic sibling species in New Zealand, P. harveyi has been introduced at least twice into the North Atlantic from presumed different source populations. These two introductions are genetically and probably also physiologically divergent but completely interfertile. 相似文献
20.
P. Lloyd-Evans 《Journal of fish biology》1994,44(6):1061-1068
The central role of the kidney during early development in the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula , is haemopoietic. The kidney is the first tissue to become lymphomyeloid and lymphocytes and developing granulocytes are found in the interstitial tissue surrounding the renal tubules. The lymphomyeloid role of the kidney is transient and does not persist after hatching. The kidney is a major immunoglobulin (Ig) containing tissue during early development as evidenced by increasing numbers of Ig–positive cells. 相似文献