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1.
For this study, we have examined the literature and the morphological diversity, as well as analyzed the nuclear SSU rDNA sequences of two very common and cosmopolitan species formerly known as Euglena deses Ehrenb. and Euglena intermedia (G. A. Klebs) F. Schmitz. Our studies have shown that there is evidence for distinguishing only one species (E. deses). Here, we define new diagnostic features for E. deses, namely, periplast ornamentation (the presence of small papillae—discovered for the first time in this species) and the lateral location of the anterior canal opening, from which the flagellum emerges. We also designate the epitype and emend the diagnosis for E. deses. 相似文献
2.
Maja Łukomska‐Kowalczyk Anna Karnkowska Rafał Milanowski Łukasz Łach Bożena Zakryś 《Journal of phycology》2015,51(6):1147-1157
3.
Sylwia Kosmala Anna Karnkowska Rafa&#x; Milanowski Jan Kwiatowski Boena Zakry 《Journal of phycology》2005,41(6):1258-1267
We studied the morphological diversity and analyzed the small subunit rDNA sequences of two taxa formerly known as Euglena spirogyra Ehr. and Euglena fusca (Klebs) Lemmermann. Our studies confirmed that the two should have the rank of a species, namely Lepocinclis spirogyroides (Ehr.) Marin et Melkonian and Lepocinclis fusca (Klebs) Kosmala et Zakry? comb. nov. (Euglenophyceae). We are defining new diagnostic features for these species, namely the size and the shape of the cells and the shape of the papillae, as well as designating epitypes for them. 相似文献
4.
Sylwia Kosmala Magdalena Bereza Rafa&#x; Milanowski Jan Kwiatowski Boena Zakry 《Journal of phycology》2007,43(5):1071-1082
Verification of morphological diagnostic features and the establishment of three epitypes for three species of Phacus Dujardin—Phacus pleuronectes (O. F. Müll.) Dujardin, Phacus orbicularis Hübner, and Phacus hamelii Allorge et Lefèvre—was performed based on literature studies and analysis of morphological (cell shape, cell size, and periplast ornamentation) as well as molecular (18S rDNA) characters. Periplast ornamentation was recognized as a main diagnostic character, distinguishing P. orbicularis from P. pleuronectes and P. hamelii. Phacus orbicularis has struts running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the strips, while P. pleuronectes and P. hamelii do not. On the SSU rDNA tree, obtained by the Bayesian method, P. orbicularis, P. pleuronectes, and P. hamelii belong to three distinct clades. Some of the phylogenetic relationships are not resolved, but there are at least three Phacus species (P. hamatus, P. platyaulax, P. longicauda; for taxonomic authors, see Introduction) that are more closely related to P. orbicularis than is P. pleuronectes. Phacus hamelii is more closely related to P. ranula and the assemblage of several species of Phacus, which have small cells, than to P. orbicularis or P. pleuronectes. 相似文献
5.
Anna Karnkowska‐Ishikawa Rafał Milanowski Jan Kwiatowski Bożena Zakryś 《Journal of phycology》2010,46(1):172-182
The establishment of epitypes (together with emended diagnoses) for seven species of Phacus Dujard. [Phacus oscillans G. A. Klebs, Phacus parvulus G. A. Klebs, Phacus pusillus Lemmerm., Phacus skujae Skvortzov, Phacus inflexus (Kisselew) Pochm., Phacus polytrophos Pochm., and Phacus smulkowskianus (Zakry?) Kusber] was achieved by literature studies, verification of morphological diagnostic features (cell size, cell shape), as well as molecular characters (SSU rDNA). The investigated Phacus species are mostly well distinguished morphologically, with an SSU rDNA interspecific sequence similarity of 95.1%–99.0% and an intraspecific sequence similarity of 99.0%–99.9%. Some of the phylogenetic relationships among the seven species have not been resolved, but the topology obtained indicates their assignment into two sister clades. The first clade is composed of two sister groups (P. parvulus and P. pusillus), while the second constitutes an assemblage of the remaining five species. The relationships between the clades remain unresolved. 相似文献
6.
Terufumi Yamasu 《Hydrobiologia》1991,227(1):273-282
We studied the taxonomy and distribution of the Conchostraca in Yugoslavia. A diverse fauna occurs in the country. However, the systematics of this group is still incomplete and has many problems. There is considerable variability of morphological characters. By a comparative-morphological analysis of the populations found, we re-evaluated the taxonomic significance of a series of structural characters, and offer comments on the results.In Yugoslavia four families were found: Cyzicidae Stebbing, 1910; Limnadiidae Burmeister, 1843; Imnadiidae Botnariuc & Orghidan, 1941 and Leptestheriidae Daday, 1923, with a present total of 8 species and 4 subspecies. Within the genus Imnadia Hertzog, 1935, three new species were found: Imnadia cristata Marinek, 1972; Imnadia banatica Marinek & Valvajter, 1982 and Imnadia panonica Marinek & Petrov, 1984. Within the genus Eoleptestheria Daday, 1923, the species Eoleptestheria spinosa Marinek, 1978, with four distinct subspecies was discovered. 相似文献
7.
西藏、新疆、青海北部和东北部、甘肃西北部、山西中部、内蒙古; 哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯西伯利亚、蒙古. 模式标本采自俄罗斯阿尔泰山。 相似文献
8.
鳞毛蕨属ＤｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓＡｄａｎｓ．泡鳞亚属ＳｕｂｇｅｎｕｓＥｒｙｔｈｒｏｖａｒｉａｅ（Ｈ．Ｉｔｏ）Ｆｒａｓｅｒ－ＪｅｎｋｉｎｓｉｎＢｕｌ．Ｂｒ．Ｍｕｓ．Ｎａｔ．Ｈｉｓｔ．Ｂｏｔ．１４（３）：１９５．１９８６．Ｔｙｐｅ：Ｄｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｅｒｙ... 相似文献
9.
Brian S. Leander Rafal P. Witek Mark A. Farmer 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2001,55(11):2215-2235
Abstract Trends in the evolution of the euglenid pellicle were described using phylogenetic methods on 18S rDNA, morphological, and combined data from 25 mostly phototrophic taxa. The tree topology from a total‐evidence analysis formed a template for a synthetic tree that took into account conflicting results derived from the partitioned datasets. Pellicle character states that can only be observed with the assistance of transmission and scanning electron microscopy were phylogenetically mapped onto the synthetic tree to test a set of previously established homology statements (inferences made independently from a cladogram). The results permitted us to more confidently infer the ancestral‐derived polarities of character state transformations and provided a framework for understanding the key cytoskeletal innovations associated with the evolution of phototrophic euglenids. We specifically addressed the character evolution of (1) the maximum number of pellicle strips around the cell periphery; (2) the patterns of terminating strips near the cell posterior end; (3) the substructural morphology of pellicle strips; (4) the morphology of the cell posterior tip; and (5) patterns of pellicle pores on the cell surface. 相似文献
10.
Sylwia Kosmala Anna Karnkowska‐Ishikawa Rafał Milanowski Jan Kwiatowski Bożena Zakryś 《Journal of phycology》2009,45(2):464-481
Morphological and molecular studies, as well as original literature reexamination, necessitate establishment of five Euglena species with a single axial, stellate chloroplast [Euglena viridis (O. F. Müller) Ehrenberg 1830 , Euglena pseudoviridis Chadefaud 1937 , Euglena stellata Mainx 1926 , Euglena pseudostellata sp. nov., and Euglena cantabrica Pringsheim 1956 ], three species with two chloroplasts (Euglena geniculata Dujardin ex Schmitz 1884 , Euglena chadefaudii Bourrelly 1951 , and Euglena pseudochadefaudii sp. nov.), and one species with three chloroplasts (Euglena tristella Chu 1946 ). The primary morphological features, allowing distinction of the considered species are the presence and the shape of mucocysts, as well as the number of chloroplasts. Spherical mucocysts occur in E. cantabrica and E. geniculata, while spindle‐shaped mucocysts are present in E. stellata, E. pseudostellata, E. chadefaudii, E. pseudochadefaudii, and E. tristella. No mucocysts are observed in E. viridis and E. pseudoviridis. Two new species (E. pseudochadefaudii sp. nov. and E. pseudostellata sp. nov.) differ from the respective species, E. chadefaudii and E. stellata, only at the molecular level. Molecular signatures and characteristic sequences are designated for nine distinguished species. Emended diagnoses for all and delimitation of epitypes for seven species (except E. viridis and E. tristella) are proposed. 相似文献
11.
Sylwia Kosmala Rafa&#x; Milanowski Kamil Brzska Ma&#x;gorzata P&#x;kala Jan Kwiatowski Boena Zakry 《Journal of phycology》2007,43(1):171-185
Morphological studies of 16 strains belonging to the genus Monomorphina revealed a single, parietal, orbicular chloroplast in their cells. The chloroplast has a tendency to be perforated and disintegrates in aging populations and thus may appear to be many chloroplasts under the light microscope. A single chloroplast in the cells of Cryptoglena skujae is also parietally located and highly perforated. It never forms a globular and closed structure, but is open from the side of the furrow, resembling the letter C. We have verified the Monomorphina pyrum group (M. pyrum–like) on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of SSU rDNA and morphological data. The strain CCAC 0093 (misidentified as M. reeuwykiana) diverges first on the SSU rDNA phylogenetic tree. The rest of the M. pyrum–like strains form a tight cluster, subdivided into several smaller ones. Because morphological differences between the M. pyrum–like strains (including the strain CCAC 0093) do not conform to the tree topology, we suggest that they all (except the strain CCAC 0093) belong to M. pyrum. We designate a new species, M. pseudopyrum, for the strain CCAC 0093, solely on the basis of molecular characters. We also suggest that M. reeuwykiana and similar species should stay in Phacus and Lepocinclis unless detailed molecular and morphological studies show otherwise. Emended diagnoses of the genera Monomorphina and Cryptoglena and the species M. aenigmatica are also proposed, as well as the delimitation of an epitype for M. pyrum, the type species for the genus Monomorphina. 相似文献
12.
Anna Karnkowska‐Ishikawa Rafał Milanowski Richard E. Triemer Bożena Zakryś 《Journal of phycology》2012,48(3):729-739
The establishment of epitypes (together with the emended diagnoses) for three species of Euglenaria Karnkowska, E. W. Linton et Kwiatowski [Eu. anabaena (Mainx) Karnkowska et E. W. Linton; Eu. caudata (Hübner) Karnkowska et E. W. Linton; and Eu. clavata (Skuja) Karnkowska et E. W. Linton] and two species of Euglena Ehrenberg [E. granulata (Klebs) Schmitz and E. velata Klebs] was achieved due to literature studies, verification of morphological diagnostic features (cell size, cell shape, number of chloroplasts, the presence of mucocysts), as well as molecular characters (SSU rDNA). Now all these species are easy to identify and distinguish, despite their high morphological similarity, that is, spindle‐shaped (or cylindrically spindle‐shaped) cells and parietal, lobed chloroplasts with a single pyrenoid, accompanied by bilateral paramylon caps located on both sides of the chloroplast. E. granulata is the only species in this group that has spherical mucocysts. E. velata is distinguished by the largest cells (90–150 μm) and has the highest number of chloroplasts (>30). Eu. anabaena has the fewest chloroplasts (usually 3–6), and its cells are always (whether the organism is swimming or not) spindle‐shaped or cylindrically spindle‐shaped, in contrast to the cells of Eu. clavata, which are club‐shaped (clavate) while swimming and only after stopping change to resemble the shape of a spindle or a cylindrical spindle; Eu. clavata has numerous chloroplasts (15–20). Eu. caudata is characterized by asymmetrical spindle‐shaped (fusiform) cells, that is, with an elongated rear section and a shorter front section; the number of chloroplasts normally ranges from 7 to 15. 相似文献
13.
Phagotrophic euglenids are one of the most diverse and important forms of heterotrophic flagellates in sediment systems, and are key to understanding the evolution of photosynthetic euglenids and ‘primary osmotrophs’, yet relatively little is known about their biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships. A wealth of light microscopy‐based information is available, but little progress has been made in associating this with molecular sequence data. We established a protocol to obtain light microscopy data and molecular data from single euglenid cells isolated from environmental samples. Individual cells from freshwater and marine benthic samples were isolated and rinsed by micropipetting, documented using high‐resolution photomicroscopy, then subjected to single‐cell nested PCR using taxon‐specific primers in combination with universal eukaryotic primers, generating > 75% or full‐length SSU rDNA sequences. As a proof‐of‐principle eight individuals were characterised and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Many of these cells were identified as Anisonema or Dinema, and grouped with existing sequences assigned to these taxa, and with a ‘Peranema sp.’ sequence that we could now clearly demonstrate was misidentified or misannotated. Another cell is Heteronema c.f. exaratum, the first ‘skidding heteronemid’ for which sequence data are available. This is not closely related to Heteronema scaphurum, and intriguingly, branches as the sister group to primary osmotrophs. A cell similar to Ploeotia vitrea (the type of this genus), shows no particular phylogenetic affinity to Ploeotia costata, the best studied Ploeotia species. Our experimental protocol provides a useful starting point for future analyses on euglenid biodiversity (including environmental sequence surveys), and their evolution and systematics. 相似文献
14.
Lang Kai-Yong 《植物分类学报：英文版》1992,30(5):460-470
In the present paper 11 genera and 16 species of the Orchidaceae arerecorded form Xinjiang, of which five species are new records to Xinjiang andthree are new records to China. 相似文献
15.
Fu Li-Kuo 《植物分类学报：英文版》1984,22(4):277-288
The genus Cephalotaxus contains a small number of species. It is adequatelyappreciated as a newly discovered cancerresistant medicament for the alkaloids obtained from its branches leaves and barks are of curative effect. This paper deals with the classificatory revision based on the morphological features, with the reference to the anatomical characters of leaves, types of alkaloids andpollen morphology observed. Two new combinations are proposed, and 4 species andvarieties are reduced in the paper. The genus Cephalotaxus is thus suggested to consistof 2 sections and 9 species. The trees occur in East Asia and the north of Indo-China, with 88% found in China where is the distribution centre and refuge of the genus.The genus in discussion is of unique morphological features which are distinctly different from these of Amentotaxus, Cephalotaxaceae, containing a single genus of Cephalotaxus, is closely related to Taxaceae, and therefore the Cephalotaxaceae is bestplaced in the Taxinieae of Coniferales. 相似文献
16.
17.
Anna Karnkowska Matthew S. Bennett Donovan Watza Jong Im Kim Bożena Zakryś Richard E. Triemer 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》2015,62(3):362-373
Photosynthetic euglenids acquired chloroplasts by secondary endosymbiosis, which resulted in changes to their mode of nutrition and affected the evolution of their morphological characters. Mapping morphological characters onto a reliable molecular tree could elucidate major trends of those changes. We analyzed nucleotide sequence data from regions of three nuclear‐encoded genes (nSSU, nLSU, hsp90), one chloroplast‐encoded gene (cpSSU) and one nuclear‐encoded chloroplast gene (psbO) to estimate phylogenetic relationships among 59 photosynthetic euglenid species. Our results were consistent with previous works; most genera were monophyletic, except for the polyphyletic genus Euglena, and the paraphyletic genus Phacus. We also analyzed character evolution in photosynthetic euglenids using our phylogenetic tree and eight morphological traits commonly used for generic and species diagnoses, including: characters corresponding to well‐defined clades, apomorphies like presence of lorica and mucilaginous stalks, and homoplastic characters like rigid cells and presence of large paramylon grains. This research indicated that pyrenoids were lost twice during the evolution of phototrophic euglenids, and that mucocysts, which only occur in the genus Euglena, evolved independently at least twice. In contrast, the evolution of cell shape and chloroplast morphology was difficult to elucidate, and could not be unambiguously reconstructed in our analyses. 相似文献
18.
中国缨鱼属鱼类的分类整理及一新属描述（鲤形目：鲤科） 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
经整理我国缨鱼属鱼类仅有１种,原属于此属的种Ｃｒｏｓｓｃｈｅｉｌｕｓ ｂａｍａｅｎｓｉｓ Ｆａｎｇ和Ｃｒｏｓｓｏｃｈｅｉｌｕｓ ｌｉｕｃｈｅｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｌｉａｎｇ则归并于另一新属拟缨鱼属Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｃｒｏｓｓｏｃｈｅｉｌｕｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．,其上唇消失,吻皮与下唇相连,上颌与下唇相连以及口角须发达等特征与缨鱼属不同,同时其口角须发达,下唇两侧有纵行的颏汉以及下唇前缘具有显著的乳突状角质突起等 相似文献
19.
Lang Kai-Yung 《植物分类学报：英文版》1987,25(6):442-459
Peristylus is a genus of over 60 species, mainly distributed in the Old Worldtropics, with many species extending northwards to central China. In the present paper, thetaxa of the genus hitherto recorded in China are taxonomically and phytogeographically discussed and revised, and, as a result, 20 species are recognized, including one new species, P.jinchuanicus K. Y. Lang, and four new combinations, P. bulleyi (Rolfe) K. Y. Lang, P. forrestii (Schltr.) K. Y. Lang, P. longiracemus (Fukuyama) K. Y. Lang and P. neotineoides(Ames et Schltr.) K. Y. Lang. A full list of synonyms is given, a key to the species is provided and the distribution areas in China of all the taxa are mapped. 相似文献
20.
大豆疫霉根腐病菌的rDNA ITS序列分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用真菌核糖体基因转录间隔区(ITS)通用引物,PCR扩增了大豆疫霉根腐病菌具有差异的17个菌株的ITSI与ITS2,经过与DL2000的标准分子量DNA进行比较,得到了大约800~1000bp左右的片段,并对PCR产物进行了序列测定。以USA为外类群利用最大简约法构建了大豆疫霉根腐病菌的系统发生树,并分析了菌株之间的遗传进化关系。结果表明:不同菌株ITS1和ITS2在碱基构成上有很大差异,17个菌株大致分为4个谱系中,且来自于同一地区的菌株大都分布在同一谱系中,显示出地理上的差异。 相似文献