New species of mites (Acari: Astigmata: Heterocoptidae) from the Australian and Oriental regions,with a description of the female of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Uvallicoptes peeteri</Emphasis> Haitlinger, 1999

Heterocoptes lombokensis sp. n. from Lombok, Bali and Java (Indonesia), H. sumatrensis sp. n. from Sumatra (Indonesia), H. samueli sp. n. from Australia, H. barbarae sp. n. from New Britain Islands (Papua New Guinea), H. marcellae sp. n. from Sulawesi (Indonesia) and Nolaecoptes tanahloticus sp. n. from Bali (Indonesia) are described. The female of Uvallicoptes peeteri Haitlinger, 1999 is described and new records for this species are given. Males and females of the genus Heterocoptes are keyed.     

A redescription ofDiaphanosoma modigliani Richard, 1894 (Crustacea : Daphniiformes : Sididae)and an evaluation of its occurence outside Lake Toba (Sumatra)

A pelagic species of Diaphanosoma, D. modigliani is redescribed on material from the type locality (Lake Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia). Other records of this species in tropical Asia (India, Philippine Islands, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand) are either unsubstantiated or erroneous.     

Elasmobranchs in southern Indonesian fisheries: the fisheries, the status of the stocks and management options

The biology of elasmobranchs makes them very vulnerable to fishing pressure and there is increasing international concern over their exploitation. In northern Australia the stocks of some species may be shared with those in southern Indonesia. Indonesia has the highest landings of elasmobranchs worldwide (>100,000 t p.a.) and millions of Indonesian artisanal fishers rely heavily on elasmobranchs taken in target fisheries. They are also taken by industrial trawlers and as bycatch in pelagic tuna fisheries. This paper, resulting from a collaborative project between Australia and Indonesia, summarises the elasmobranch fisheries; the characteristics of the fisheries are outlined, the status of the stocks are assessed, and management options described and discussed. The project focussed on representative markets and fish landing sites in southern Indonesia from 2001 to 2005. Data were from market surveys, the records of the Indonesian Directorate General of Capture Fisheries, and from research cruises. Data from the ongoing tuna monitoring programme showed that shark bycatch from the tuna fleets forms about 11% of shark landings in Indonesia. Yield per recruit and related analyses were used to integrate biological information to indicate the productivity of each species to allow for management policy options and constraints. Research cruise data show that catch rates of elasmobranchs in the Java Sea declined by at least one order of magnitude between 1976 and 1997. The results indicate strongly that many of the shark and ray species in Indonesia are overfished and that the most effective management strategy may need to involve capacity control, such as licencing, gear restrictions and catch limits, together with controls on the fin trade.     

New species and records of the genera Milichia Meigen and Milichiella Giglio‐Tos (Diptera,Milichiidae) from the Oriental region and Seram Island

The species of the genera Milichia and Milichiella in the Oriental region and Seram Is. are taxonomically investigated. Three new species, Milichia linealis sp. nov. from the Philippines, Milichiella sulawesiensis sp. nov. and Milichiella nigella sp. nov. from Indonesia, are described. New distributional data of Milichiella bakeri Aldrich from Indonesia and M. spinthera Hendel from Indonesia, Nepal and Thailand are given. Keys to the species of Milichia and Milichiella in the Oriental region and Seram Is. are provided.     

Revision of the coral genus Acropora (Scleractinia: Astrocoeniina: Acroporidae) in Indonesia

The coral genus Acropora is reviewed from Indonesia for the first time, following detailed collections made at 131 sites and additional material collected from approximately 40 sites throughout the archipelago during the period 1993–6. Eighty-three species are recorded, four of these ( Acropora halmaherae, A. awi, A. plumosa and A. simplex ) new to science, six first described in 1994 and six in 1997. Records are compared with specimen-based records from localities worldwide. The species of Acrokora occurring in Indonesian waters include five recorded only from the Indian Ocean and Indonesia, seven recorded only from the Pacific Ocean, South China Sea and Indonesia, and a further 10 species apparently endemic to Indonesia, as well as widespread Indo-Pacific species. Two species ( A. jacquelineae Wallace, 1994 and A. batunai Wallace, 1996) are recorded only from north central Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, and two species ( A. russelli Wallace, 1994 and A. turaki Wallace, 1994) only from north central Indonesia and north western Australia. The findings contribute to a new view of the corals of the Indo-Pacific 'centre of diversity' as a composite fauna with origins in a number of events in space and time.     

Parasite fauna of seabass (Lates calcarifer) under mariculture conditions in Lampung Bay, Indonesia

Fish parasites have been repeatedly reported to be a major threat to the developing industry of finfish mariculture in Indonesia, due to severe parasite and disease outbreaks. The aim of this study was to identify the metazoan parasite fauna and trichodinid ciliates that infect Lates calcarifer in a representative mariculture farm in Indonesia. Examined were 105 L. calcarifer (seabass) for the metazoan parasite fauna and trichodinid ciliates. Thirty‐five specimens each from the net cages of the National Sea Farming Development Centre (Balai Budidaya Laut, BBL) in Lampung Bay, South Sumatra, Indonesia were investigated in three consecutive seasons (two dry and one rainy season from 2002 to 2003). Nineteen parasite species were identified; all fish specimens were infected with two to 10 parasite species, demonstrating a species‐rich parasite fauna. Protozoans (1 species), myxozoans (1), digeneans (3), monogeneans (5), cestodes (3), nematodes (5) and acanthocephalans (1) were found, including 11 new host records in cultured L. calcarifer from Indonesia. Larval and adult parasite stages were isolated, demonstrating that this fish species, although kept inside the net cages, still functions as an intermediate and final host for marine fish parasites. During all seasons, the six detected monoxenous (single host life cycle) parasite species showed a higher prevalence than the 13 heteroxenous (multiple hosts) species. Most abundant were the fish pathogenic monogeneans Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli, Pseudorhabdosynochus lantauensis, Benedenia epinepheli and Neobenedenia melleni with a high prevalence. Most heteroxenous parasites (Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala) occurred with a low prevalence below 26%, caused by the specific culture conditions. Diversity of the heteroxenous parasites was higher in the dry seasons than in the rainy season. Though some seasonality could be observed for the fish pathogenic monogeneans, severe disease outbreaks of these ectoparasites cannot be excluded in either the dry or rainy season.     

Indonesian Kickxellales: two species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coemansia</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Linderina</Emphasis>

Four species belonging to Kickxellales (Kickxellomycotina) isolated from soil of Indonesia are described and illustrated. Two new species of Coemansia, C. asiatica and C. javaensis, were discovered in South Sulawesi and West Java, and two known species of Linderina, L. pennispora and L. macrospora, were discovered in East Kalimantan and South Sulawesi, respectively. These four species are newly added to the Indonesian mycobiota. A technique for inducing sporulation of C. javaensis and L. macrospora by adding substances derived from invertebrates such as aphids, nereids, or cladocerans to culture media is described.     

The diversity and paleoenvironmental significance of Calophyllum (Clusiaceae) from the Miocene of southeastern China

Abstract

Three species within the genus Calophyllum collected from middle Miocene Fotan Group sediments in Zhangpu County, Fujian, southeastern China are described in this paper. These fossils include Calophyllum zhangpuensis sp. nov., Calophyllum striatum, and Calophyllum suraikholaensis. The new fossil species C. zhangpuensis sp. nov. is oval, possesses entire leaves with closely spaced parallel secondary veins and has a round, or slightly retuse, apex. These specimens represent the first known fossil records of this relative wide leaf-type form of Calophyllum from China and have a length:width (L:W) ratio less than 3:1. In combination with the known modern geographic distribution and habitats of this wide leaf-type Calophyllum and other plants, data suggest that the middle Miocene Fotan flora is indicative of a warm climate. Thus, based on available fossil data, we speculate that this genus probably originated in India during the Paleocene before spreading from India to Bangladesh and into China, Sumatra, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Java during the Neogene, leading to its modern distribution. At least, the 3 fossil species in this region can explain floristic exchange between India, Fujian, and South China, which is consistent with previous studies; the occurrence of these 3 species indicates that Calophyllum began to diversity in China no later than the Miocene.     

中国中生代的马通蕨科植物:化石记录、多样性与时空分布特征*

现生真蕨目马通蕨科(Matoniaceae)植物仅存Matonia和Phanerosorus两属, 集中分布于马来西亚、印度尼西亚等热带地区。马通蕨科植物在中生代时期全球广布, 且主要分布于热带、亚热带地区, 有近9个属, 被作为热带、亚热带气候的标志性植物化石之一。本文梳理总结了中国中生代的马通蕨科化石记录并分析其多样性特征, 共计有2属16种, 包括异脉蕨属(Phlebopteris) 15种和准马通蕨属(Matonidium) 1种。对其化石记录和地质地理分布分析表明, 晚三叠世时期, 异脉蕨属植物广泛分布于热带—亚热带湿热气候区, 包括华南一带的四川、湖北、 云南、西藏、福建等地; 早侏罗世时期, 其分布逐渐向北方扩展, 在南、北方植物区系界线附近均有发现; 中侏罗世局限于湖北、青海等地; 早白垩世时仅在黑龙江和西藏少量发现。准马通蕨属仅在黑龙江地区的早白垩世地层中发现。整体上, 马通蕨科在中国中生代的分布范围变迁与气候带范围变化相吻合。     

Freshwater Ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) of the Genus Cypretta VAVRA, 1895 from Malaysia,Indonesia and the Philippines

The genus Cypretta VAVRA, 1895 from Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines is reviewed. Currently, eleven species are known from these areas. Two new species are described and two species are redescribed. Remarks and diagnostic illustrations are given for the known species.     

SOME LABOULBENIACEAE (ASCOMYCETES) ON INSECTS FROM INDIA AND INDONESIA

Batra, Suzanne W. T. (U. Kansas, Lawrence.) Some Laboulbeniaceac (Ascomycetes) on insects from India and Indonesia. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50 (10): 986–992. Illus. 1963.—Laboulbenia camponoti, L. olitskyi, L. styphlomeri and Stigmatomyces scatellae are described as new. Developmental stages of the monoecious species, L. camponoti, on ants are illustrated. It appears to be closely related to the dioecious species, L. formicarum. New host and locality records are given for L. vulgaris, L. flagellata and S. hylemyiae.     

Two new species of the cryptic chrysidid parasitoid subfamily Loboscelidiinae: The second species in Rhadinoscelidia and the first Loboscelidia for the Indonesian fauna

Two new species in the cryptic chrysidid wasp subfamily Loboscelidiinae are described based on males from Gunung Halimun National Park, West Java, Indonesia. One is the second species in Rhadinoscelidia Kimsey, and the other, belonging in Loboscelidia Westwood, is the first species of the genus for the Indonesian fauna.     

NewLeptographium species from Indonesia and Eastern North America

Leptographium species have predominantly been described from North America, Canada and Europe. These fungi generally occur on conifers and many cause blue-stain of lumber. MostLeptographium species are also associated with insects and in particular, bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Recently, an unknown species ofLeptographium was isolated from pine infested with anIps sp. in Indonesia. In addition, two unknown species have been collected from red spruce (Picea rubra) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) roots from high elevation sites in Eastern North America. The latter isolates are unusual in that they are associated with the feeding wounds made by the conifer swift mothKorscheltellus gracilus (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), which is a habitat unique for species ofLeptographium. Comparison with knownLeptographium species has revealed that the isolates from Indonesia and those from Eastern North America represent three previously undescribed taxa. They are, therefore, described in this study asL. pineti sp. nov,L. abieticolens sp. nov. andL. peucophilum sp. nov.     

Eulophine parasitoids of the genus Trichospilus in Indonesia, with the description of two new species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Two new species of the parasitoid wasp genus Trichospilus (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae: Eulophinae) are described from Java and Sulawesi, Indonesia. A key to all species of Trichospilus worldwide is provided.     

Three new species of fleas belonging to the genus Macrostylophora from the three‐striped ground squirrel,Lariscus insignis,in Java

Three new species of fleas belonging to the genus Macrostylophora (Siphonaptera, Ceratophyllidae) are described from the three‐striped ground squirrel, Lariscus insignis, from Tjibodas, West Java (Jawa Barat), Indonesia at an elevation of 1500 m. Macrostylophora larisci sp. n. is described from three male specimens, Macrostylophora debilitata sp. n. is described from one male and Macrostylophora wilsoni sp. n. is described from one female. Non‐genital morphological characters of the female specimen, including ctenidial spine shapes and lengths, show that it is not the corresponding female for either M. larisci sp. n. or M. debilitata sp. n. It is unusual for three different species of congeneric fleas to parasitize the same host species in the same geographical location. These three new species represent the first known records of Macrostylophora from Java and they could be enzootic vectors between rodents of flea‐borne zoonotic pathogens such as Rickettsia typhi and Yersinia pestis, both of which are established on Java. A list is provided of the 43 known species and 12 subspecies of Macrostylophora together with their known geographical distributions and hosts. A map depicting the distributions of known Indonesian (and Bornean) species of Macrostylophora is also included.     

Parasitoid spectrum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae; Aphelinidae) of the soybean aphid Aphis glycines (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Japan and Indonesia (Java and Bali)

Aphidiine and aphelinid parasitoids collected from the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, on Glycine max in Japan and Indonesia (Java and Bali) were identified to clarify the parasitoid spectrum of the aphid there. Nine parasitoid species from Japan (Aphidiinae: Aphidius gifuensis, Aphidius sp., Binodoxys communis, Diaeretiella rapae, Lipolexis gracilis, Lysiphlebia japonica; Aphelinidae: Aphelinus asychis, A. gossypii, A. varipes) and two parasitoid species from Indonesia (B. communis, A. gossypii) were found to be associated with A. glycines.     

Beneath the hairy look: the hidden reproductive diversity of the Gibsmithia hawaiiensis complex (Dumontiaceae,Rhodophyta)

The tropical alga previously recognized as Gibsmithia hawaiiensis (Dumontiaceae, Rhodophyta) was recently suggested to represent a complex of species distributed throughout the Indo‐Pacific Ocean and characterized by a peculiar combination of hairy (pilose) gelatinous lobes growing on cartilaginous stalks. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on three genetic markers are presented here with the inclusion of new samples. Further diversity is reported within the complex, with nine lineages spread in four major phylogenetic groups. The threshold between intra‐ and interspecific relationships was assessed by species delimitation methods, which indicate the existence of 8–10 putative species in the complex. Two species belonging to the G. hawaiiensis complex are described here: Gibsmithia malayensis sp. nov. from the Coral Triangle and Gibsmithia indopacifica sp. nov., widely distributed in the Central and Eastern Indo‐Pacific. Morphological differences in the vegetative and reproductive structures of the newly described species are provided and compared to the previously described species of the complex. Additional lineages represent putative species, which await further investigation to clarify their taxonomic status. Gibsmithia hawaiiensis sensu stricto is confirmed to be endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, and Gibsmithia eilatensis is apparently confined to the Red Sea, with an expanded distribution in the region. New records of the G. hawaiiensis complex are reported from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Philippines, and the Federated States of Micronesia, indicating that the complex is more broadly distributed than previously considered. The isolated position of Gibsmithia within the Dumontiaceae is corroborated by molecular data.     

Species composition and aspects of the biology of Orectolobiformes from Indonesian waters

The biological aspects of members of the order Orectolobiformes exploited in Indonesian waters are given. Seven species belonging to five families were recorded in the catches at various landing sites in southern Indonesia. Of these, Chiloscyllium punctatum was the most abundant species landed, contributing >50% of the number of orectolobiforms recorded. The biological data obtained varied greatly between the species listed. The total length (L_T) at maturity for some species, e.g. C. punctatum and Nebrius ferrugineus, varied from that which has been previously recorded for those species in other regions. This highlights the need for regional‐specific biological data for fisheries managers and conservation assessors.     

First record of Terpios fugax Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864 (Demospongiae: Suberitidae) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean

ABSTRACT

The brightly blue shallow water species Terpios fugax Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864 was originally described from the Caribbean and has been extensively recorded in the Atlantic Ocean, but rarely found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In the Pacific Ocean it has been only reported from Sulawesi, Indonesia and from the Caroline and Marshall Islands. Here we report the first record of Terpios in the Eastern Pacific, based on the presence of T. fugax at Caldera, Región de Atacama, northern Chile. Although this species may have been inadvertently introduced to the area by human activity, it should also be considered that the geographically distant populations of this sponge (from the Caribbean to the Eastern Pacific) may represent different species.