辐射后单个细胞DNA结构变化的定量检测

细胞照射后可产生DNA链断裂、DNA-DNA交联、DNA-蛋白质交联等重要的DNA结构损伤,最终可导致DNA高级结构-DNA超螺旋结构状态的改变,而引发DNA复制、表达等一系列改变.参考国外报导,建立了单细胞电泳法(single cell gel electrophoresis assay),并辅以图象分析技术,可快速检测低达0.1Gy剂量所致DNA结构损伤,并得到了较好的剂量-效应关系,可望成为生物剂量计,用于环境低剂量辐射的监测.     

不同生境对蝴蝶花花部与果实特征的影响

通过对毛竹林(Bamboo forest,BF)与林缘旷地(Open area of forest edge,OAFE)两类生境蝴蝶花自然种群花部与果实(种子)特征及降雨干扰影响的研究,探讨不同生境中蝴蝶花花部特征适应性及有性各组分的差异。结果表明:(1)竹林生境相对于林缘旷地生境,蝴蝶花单花花冠的长、宽较大,子房、花部(除花柄)及单花总生物量较小,比花柄长较大;两类生境蝴蝶花花柄生物量与子房生物量呈正相关(P0.05),协方差分析表明,两类生境该直线回归的总体斜率间(F=18.420,P0.001)及总体截距间(F=3791.7,P0.001)均具有显著差异,竹林生境花柄生物量随子房生物量增大而增大的程度更强。竹林生境的蝴蝶花侧花花冠长与宽最高,竹林生境顶花次之,林缘旷地顶花与林缘旷地侧花最低;花部(除花柄)与全花重都表现为林缘旷地侧花最高,林缘旷地顶花次之,竹林侧花与竹林顶花最低。比花柄长随竹林侧花与竹林顶花-林缘旷地侧花-林缘旷地顶花依次降低;竹林顶花的花柄比率最高,竹林侧花与林缘旷地侧花最低。(2)林缘旷地生境中蝴蝶花的每花序花数、花序结果百分率、单花结果百分率、每结果花序果实数、每结果花序果实重与种子重及花期内每花序掉落花数都高于竹林生境。(3)林缘旷地生境大雨干扰的4个时段花朵掉落数显著高于竹林环境(P0.01)。不同生境花部形态结构特征表明其自身的生境适应性,林缘旷地生境蝴蝶花为抵御干扰及为获得有性繁殖成功,有性组分的投入更高。     

中国果树害虫一新记录种——一点木蛾的记述（鳞翅目：木蛾科）

本文首次记述我国为害荔技、龙眼叶片的一点木蛾Epimactis monodoxa Meyrick,是作者1983-1984年的研究成果。     

果实采后对低温逆境的适应性响应及信号转导(综述)

本文综述果实采后对低温逆境的适应性响应,并讨论果实采后低温逆境的信号转导和今后果实低温逆境的研究方向,认为分子生物学和基因工程是开展果实采后低温逆境研究的有效途径。     

果树抗寒性研究进展(综述)

本文从细胞形态结构、生理代谢、种质资源及基因工程等方面对果树抗寒性研究进行综述,同时提出对未来研究工作的展望。     

基于SWMM模型的城市排水区域降雨及地表产流特征

以上海市中心城区典型排水区域为研究对象,基于SWMM模型连续模拟2009—2011年降雨径流,分析区域235场降雨及地表径流特征.结果表明: 该区域发生频率较高的降雨具有雨量小、强度低的特点,雨量为0～10 mm、平均降雨强度为0～5 mm·h^-1、降雨峰值为0～10 mm·h^-1的降雨发生频率最大,分别占所有研究降雨场次的66.4%、88.8%和79.6%,这对于该区域应用低影响开发措施削减小雨量或低强度降雨下的径流和面源污染具有重要意义;径流量总体随着降雨量增大而增大,区域降雨产流临界值不仅与降雨量有关,还与平均降雨强度和降雨历时有关,2 mm以下的降雨基本不产流;2～4 mm的降雨如降雨强度在1.6 mm·h^-1以下,产流量不到1 mm,当降雨量在4 mm以上、平均降雨强度大于1.6 mm·h^-1时,区域基本产流.基于SWMM径流模拟结果,建立适合该区域的径流量与降雨因子的回归方程,其调整R²均大于0.97,能较好反映该区域径流量与降雨因子的关系.研究结果可为该区域更好地规划低影响开发措施和削减排水系统溢流污染提供计算基础,并为类似区域的径流研究提供参考.     

Reduction of laser-induced retinal injury applying the combination of the 3D variable electric and magnetic fields in “vivo”

Oscillating Low Frequency Electro-Magnetic Fields action on eye retina restoration in Rattus Norvegicus was studied in the present work. A beneficial effect of 3-Dimention Oscillating Low Frequency Electro-Magnetic Field was found for the specific values of Electro-Magnetic Field parameters. We found that eye retina damaged by radiation of the fundamental frequency harmonic of a YAG laser has recovered earlier and rehabilitated to the original 3D-state in the presence of OLFEMF, with the parameters listed below in the text. The results obtained were explained by the action of oscillating sub-macro-motions in the cells upon the metabolic processes in these cells.     

南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔场CPUE时空分布及其与关键海洋环境因子的关系

根据2009—2012年南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)延绳钓生产统计数据及遥感获取的海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)、叶绿素a浓度(chlorophyll a concentration,Chl-a)和海面高度距平(sea surface height anomaly,SSHA)等环境数据,分析了长鳍金枪鱼单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit of fishing effort,CPUE)的时空分布及其与环境因子的相关性。结果表明:长鳍金枪鱼作业渔场主要集中在4°S—28°S、158°E—176°E附近海域;长鳍金枪鱼渔场CPUE呈明显的季节性变化,1—3月CPUE值较低(12.5尾·千钩-1),随后逐渐增加,至7月达到最大值为18.1尾·千钩-1,而8—12月基本呈逐渐降低趋势;1月渔场重心位于16°S、168°E附近海域,2—3月向西北偏移,而在3—7月逐渐向东南方向转移,8月以后开始逐渐回撤至西北方向,在9—12月渔场重心变化幅度相对较小,主要位于15°S—16°S、168°E—169°E海域;总体来说,长鳍金枪鱼中心渔场最适SST为27.0~30.5℃,次适SST为20~24℃;最适叶绿素a浓度为0.02~0.08mg·m-3,最适海面高度距平为3~23 cm。     

低温和水分亏缺对常绿果树成花作用研究进展(综述)

本文综述了低温和水分亏缺对常绿果树成花作用的最新研究结果,包括不同果树成花对胁迫过程中树体发生的生理变化,以及可能的作用机理等,提出了低温和水分亏缺对成花作用的模式图,展望了研究方向.     

Interaction between juniper Juniperus communis L. and its fruit pest insects: Pest abundance, fruit characteristics and seed viability

The relationships between the fruit features of Juniperus communis and the presence of fruit pests were studied in Sierra Nevada, SE Spain. The abundance of two insect species — a pulp-sucking scale and a seed-predator wasp — was surveyed with respect both to fruit characteristics and to viability of seeds contained therein. Seed-predator pressure was not significantly related to any fruit characteristics; however, pulp suckers tended to be more abundant in plants with low pulp: seed ratios and high fruit-water content. In addition, fruits with high levels of pulp-sucker attack tended to have higher water content. A multi-factor ANOVA, considering the identity of the plant and the attack of the different pests as factors, showed that plant identity accounts for most of the variation in fruit characteristics. The viability of seeds tended to be lower in plants strongly attacked by both pests. Fruits attacked by seed predators showed significantly lower proportions of viable and unviable seeds than did unattacked fruits. Seed viability was also lower in those fruits heavily attacked by pulp suckers, but this pattern is strongly mediated by plant identity. Pest activity proved to be clearly associated with a direct decrease in juniper reproductive capacity. This loss involved a reduction of the viable-seed number, mainly related to the seed predator, as well as a reduction of fruit attractiveness to frugivorous dispersers, related to the pulp sucker.     

Cold-acclimation induced changes in freezing tolerance and translatable RNA content in Citrus grandis and Poncirus trifoliata

Cold-acclimation-induced changes in freezing tolerance and translatable RNA content were compared in seedlings of a relatively cold sensitive citrus species, Citrus grandis L. Osb. cv. Thong Dee (pummelo), and the cold-hardy citrus relative, Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. cv. Pomeroy (trifoliate orange). Cold acclimation of pummelo (10 days at 15°C followed by 4 weeks at 10°/5°C, day/night) resulted in a decrease in LT₅₀ from −6 to −8°C, while in trifoliate orange (acclimated for 7 weeks at 5°C), the LT₅₀ decreased from −9 to −18°C. Qualitative changes in the in vitro translation profile, revealed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, were observed following cold acclimation in both species. An mRNA for a large polypeptide (ca 160 kDa) was detected following cold acclimation of trifoliate orange. A similar change was not observed in pummelo following cold acclimation.     

Effects of low light on phloem ultrastructure and subcellular localization of sucrose synthase in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus persica</Emphasis> L. var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">nectarina</Emphasis> Ait. fruit

Using electron microscopy, the ultrastructure of phloem unloading zone was examined in the Prunus persica L. var. nectarina Ait. fruit. Our study showed that, in the SE/CC (sieve element/companion cell) complexes, CC developing under low light had a thin cytoplasm layer with few mitochondria and numerous small vacuoles, and not clearly seen nuclei. The cytoplasm vacuolation indicated that the cytoskeleton was destroyed at low light. The effects of low light on CC development suggest that unloading evidently linked to the low accumulation of soluble sugars by fruit. At the young fruit stage, flesh parenchyma around the phloem tissue had no starch grains in the plastids in fruit developing under low light. This is a further indication that less photoassimilates was translocated from source leaves to fruit sinks under low light during the young fruit developmental stage. The activity of sucrose synthase (SuSy), the key enzyme of sucrose metabolism in fruit, increased dramatically during fruit maturation. The highest SuSy activity during the rapid fruit growth phase suggests that sink strength could be correlated with the SuSy activity. The high SuSy activity under normal light possibly indicates that fruit had a capacity to utilize sucrose irrespective of their site of phloem unloading. Immunogold electron microscopy showed that SuSy was localized mainly in the vacuole of flesh parenchyma cells. The vacuole-localized SuSy can hydrolyze sucrose imported from the phloem, which may explain the apparent correlation between SuSy activity and phloem unloading. The double sieve element (SE/SE) complexes occurred in a greater number and had thicker cell walls under normal light intensity than under low light intensity. These data demonstrate clearly that low light decreased SuSy activity in the control of phloem unloading. Published in Russian in Fiziologiya Rastenii, 2009, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 509–517. This text was submitted by the authors in English.