MARMoSET – Extracting Publication-ready Mass Spectrometry Metadata from RAW Files

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Highlights

• •Automated metadata extraction from potentially large sets of mass spectrometric raw data.
• •Reduction of extracted metadata into groups of shared parameter sets.
• •Tabular representation for quality control, reporting and publication.

     

Varying amounts of stretch stimulus regulate stretch-induced muscle hypertrophy in the chicken

• 1.1. The effects of different amounts of passive stretch per day and number of days of stretch on muscle hypertrophy in the chicken patagialis (PAT) muscle were determined.
• 2.2. Stretch for 24 hr per day (h/d) resulted in a more rapid hypertrophy both on a wet and dry tissue basis (P < 0.001) than stretch for 4 h/d.
• 3.3. Stretch increased PAT weight 43% and 25% in 24 h/d and 4 h/d treatments, respectively, after 10 days of stretch, but by day 25 of stretch there was no difference between treatments.
• 4.4. In a second experiment, the PAT muscle was hypertrophied and then the effects of intermittent stretch (4 h/d) on regression of hypertrophy (muscle atrophy) were investigated.
• 5.5. Intermittent stretch (4 h/d) for 5 and 10 d significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited regression of hypertrophied muscle.
• 6.6. The results of the present study indicate that stretch-induced hypertrophy can be modulated by varying the amount of stretch applied per day.
• 7.7. Intermittent stretch can be used to inhibit the regression which occurs when a continuous stretch stimulus is removed.
• 8.8. Intermittent stretch is a useful model for investigating mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and inhibition of muscle atrophy.

     

Application of electrical analogs to metabolic control analysis: Linear pathways with multiple feedback

• 1.1. Using electrical analogs, we have presented a systematic procedure for calculating the flux control coefficients of linear metabolic pathways with multiple feedback loops.
• 2.2. In this method, an electrical analog circuit is constructed first for the unregulated pathway.
• 3.3. This circuit is subsequently modified in a step-by-step fashion to take into account the effect of each feedback loop in the pathway.
• 4.4. An analog circuit consists of resistances which are connected in series (or parallel) with a voltage (or current) source.
• 5.5. The flux control coefficients of the enzymes are represented by voltages across (or currents through) the resistances and are determined by an application of Ohm's law.
• 6.6. We have investigated the possible patterns in linear pathways with two feedback loops.
• 7.7. This is followed by an analysis of a linear pathway with an arbitrary pattern of feedback inhibition.

     

Company news

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• ScanSoft
• SpeechWorks International
• Viisage Technology
• Firstec
• BIO-key International
• HP
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• Unisys
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• Infinity Technologies

     

Company news

• Daon
• Musicrypt
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• Martin State Airport
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Comparative aspects of iodine conservation in mammals

• 1.1. Comparative aspects of iodine conservation in mammals were studied on the basis of published data on kidney and thyroid weights and function.
• 2.2. Very small mammals possessed an efficient reabsorption of iodide to compensate for the high glomerular nitration rate (GFR).
• 3.3. Humans and mammals of a similar and larger size had “lost” the ability to reabsorb iodide efficiently.
• 4.4. Very large mammals are protected against renal loss of iodide due to the relatively low GFR.
• 5.5. Thyroid weights in relation to body weight were highest in humans suggesting that humans and other mammals of a similar size are especially susceptible to iodine deficiency.

     

Identification of a glycoprotein complex containing a glycogen synthase isozyme in Ascaris Suum obliquely-striated muscle

• 1.1. A glycogen/protein complex which contains the major portion of glycogen synthase activity in Ascaris suum muscle has been purified.
• 2.2. The complex contains two proteins which can be dissociated from a glycoprotein component.
• 3.3. The glycoprotein contains glycogen-like domains and is resistant to trypsin digestion.
• 4.4. The glycogen synthase activity in the purified complex catalyzes glycogen synthesis in the absence of exogenous glycogen, but demonstrates an absolute glucose 6-phosphate requirement for activity.
• 5.5. The data support the hypothesis that this isozyme of glycogen synthase is significantly different from the cyclic AMP-regulated enzyme.

     

In brief

• Bioscrypt
• Saflink
• Dell
• Fujitsu Microelectronics America
• Identix
• Viisage
• Acsys Biometrics
• US Government

     

Polymorphism of alpha-1 antitrypsin in dogs

• 1.1. A genetically determined polymorphism of alpha-1 antitrypsin is demonstrated in dog serum by isoelectric focusing in a pH range of 3.5–5.0, followed by direct immunoblotting using a specific antiserum.
• 2.2. Alpha 1 antitrypsin focuses as two major bands at isoelectric points of 4.60 and 4.64 or 4.67 and 4.7 in presumed homozygous animals. Heterozygotes show both sets of bands.
• 3.3. The results of seven crosses with 33 offspring are best explained by two codominant alleles, Pi^M and Pi^S at a single locus designated as Pi for proteinase inhibitor.
• 4.4. The concentration of alpha-1 antitrypsin in serum of healthy dogs was 2.65 ± 0.42 mg/ml and 2.19 ± 0.38 mg/ml in females andv males respectively.
• 5.5. The higher concentration in female dogs suggests that estrogens may influence the serum level of alpha-1 antitrypsin.

     

Crystalline style proteins from bivalve molluscs

• 1.1. Proteins from crystalline styles of twelve species of bivalve mollusc were examined under different gel electrophoresis conditions and stained to reveal both protein and carbohydrate.
• 2.2. Native extracts of styles produced relatively few protein bands, however denaturation with SDS resulted in much more complex zymograms.
• 3.3. All species possessed several prominent high mol wt glycoproteins.
• 4.4. Eulamellibranchia all had a major non-glycosylated protein at approx. 62,000 mol. wt.
• 5.5. Most Filibranchia had a major non-glycosylated protein at 37,000–50,000 mol. wt.
• 6.6. Eulamellibranchia were a much more homogeneous group than the Filibranchia.

     

The flow theory of enzyme kinetics: Role of solid geometry in the control of reaction velocity in live animals

• 1.1. When blood flows, membranes are bombarded with ions etc., whose entry creates an ATP demand proportional to flow rate. Also proportional to flow rate is ATP production from oxidation of substrates [S] from the same blood volume.
• 2.2. O₂ is limiting and reaction velocity at rest (metabolic rate) is determined by flow rate, F, but not by [S].
• 3.3. Since resting blood O₂ A-V difference is about 5 vol%, 11 circulated produces about 0.25 kcal in mammals, birds or warm reptiles.
• 4.4. Where O₂ is not limiting, as in most amino acid deaminations, V = K F[S] with K a constant unrelated to K_m.
• 5.5. At equal blood vol/kg, solid geometry dictates that the average cross-sectional area of major vessels/kg will be an inverse function of body mass. The smaller the animal, the shorter the vessels, the “thicker” the vessels/kg body wt, and at any one blood pressure, the higher the flow/kg/hr. If a man's major vessels were equal in cross-section/kg to those of a shrew, it would take 2241 of blood to fill them.
• 6.6. Growth decreases flow/kg (and therefore metabolic rate), by decreasing vessel cross-section/kg without changing blood pressure or linear velocity of flow.
• 7.7. Surface area/g, body wt to some power, average vessel length/kg, circulation time and average major vessel cross-sectional area are all related mathematically.

     

Functional properties of the two major hemoglobin components from Leporinus friderici (Pisces)

• 1.1. The hemoglobins of Leporinus friderici were separated by liquid chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose in order to isolate the two major electrophoretic components.
• 2.2. The chromatographic fraction I (electrophoretically slow anodic) showed no Bohr effect and no nucleoside triphosphate modulation.
• 3.3. The chromatographic fraction III (electrophoretically fast anodic) showed a normal Bohr effect and addition of nucleoside triphosphate decreased oxygen affinity but did not alter the Bohr effect.
• 4.4. The whole hemolysate showed a normal Bohr effect and phosphate modulation altered both Bohr effect and oxygen affinity.
• 5.5. No or little difference between the effect of adenosine or guanosine triphosphates on hemoglobin function was observed.

     

Effect of bovine milk antigens and egg lysozyme on the binding of 59Fe-lactoferrin to platelet plasma membranes

• 1.1. Platelets bind specifically to lactoferrin. A significant similarity between human lactoferrin and some bovine milk proteins has been established.
• 2.2. Because of the structural homology of lactoferrin and cows milk proteins they are able to influence lactoferrins regulatory function on the level of its binding to membrane receptors on platelets.
• 3.3. An inhibitory effect of bovine α-lactalbumin and of β-lactoglobulin on lactoferrin-receptor interaction was shown.
• 4.4. Bovine α-lactalbumin competes with lactoferrin for the binding sites.
• 5.5. Scatchard plot analysis of data shows one binding site for lactoferrin in the presence of α-lactalbumin with an affinity constant, Ka = 0.46 × 10⁹ mol/1 and 335 receptors/cell.
• 6.6. The inhibitory effect of β-lactoglobulin reaches 62% and is different for the common fraction ⨿-lactoglobulin and the genetic variants β-lactoglobulin A and B.
• 7.7. β-lactoglobulin does not compete with lactoferrin for the membrane receptors.
• 8.8. Bovine casein and egg lysozyme stimulate ⁵⁹Fe-lactoferrin binding to the receptors. The mechanism of these effects is still unknown.
• 9.9. Tested alimentary antigens are able to interact with lactoferrin and also with some platelet membrane structures.
• 10.10. Established changes in lactoferrin binding to the platelet membrane might be in relation to lactoferrins regulatory function and (or) eliminating mechanisms of these alimentary antigens.

     

Catalytic and inhibitory properties of a major molecular form of acetylcholinesterase isolated from Lygus hesperus knight (Hemiptera: Miridae)

• 1.1. The major form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Lygus hesperus demonstrated a greater affinity to selected substrates than unresolved AChE.
• 2.2. The turnover numbers of the native AChE were 7000 min⁻¹ for acetylthiocoline, 4800 for acetyl-(β-methyl) thiocholine, 3000 for propionylthiocholine, and 390 for S-butyrylthiocholine.
• 3.3. Each molecule of the major form had two active sites and each subunit had one active site.
• 4.4. Paraoxon or dichlorvos had a higher affinity to the major AChE form than to the unresolved AChE, resulting in a higher potency for the inhibition.
• 5.5. Some references of comparison are also made with AChE from other animal species.

     

Immunomic Identification of Malaria Antigens Associated With Protection in Mice

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Highlights

• •Production of sera with different levels of protection against rodent Plasmodium.
• •Generation of immunomic and proteomic data sets enriched in protective antigens.
• •Prediction of the most likely protective antigens using a weighted scoring system.

     

Morphological and physiological adaptations in the marginal sphincter of anemone Phymactis clematis,dana 1849 from different environments

• 1.1. We studied the morphology and contractile properties in marginal sphincters isolated from anemones from different environments.
• 2.2. Sphincters from specimens from protected areas are ovoid or roughly square shape. Oval sphincters have increased number of mesogloeal branches and the main axis is thickened. Roughly square sphincters have irregular borders, mesogloeal axes of uniform thickness and homogeneous branching.
• 3.3. Specimens from exposed areas have sphincters with an ovoid shape and dichotomous branching.
• 4.4. Sphincters of specimens from partially protected areas show transition forms.
• 5.5. Under stimulation with KCl at different concentrations, sphincters of anemones from exposed environments contract faster and develop higher isometric forces than muscles isolated from specimens of protected areas.
• 6.6. It was concluded that sphincters of anemones from different environments have a morphology and a physiological response adapted to the milieu.

     

Potassium balance in freshwater-adapted xtrout Oncorhynchus mykiss

• 1.1. Potassium loss occurs through the gills of trout.
• 2.2. This loss is compensated by intestinal absorption.
• 3.3. During a fasting period, branchial regulation appears after 2–3 days.
• 4.4. The maintenance of potassium balance is discussed as a function of experimental conditions.

     

Effects of recombinant salmon growth hormone on hypophysectomized male Fundulus heteroclitus

• 1.1. Recombinant salmon growth hormone at doses of 0.8 and 2.1 μg/g significantly enhanced linear growth in hypophysectomized male killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, over that of controls and a significant regression was found between growth and the logarithm of dose.
• 2.2. Bovine growth hormone elicited significant growth enhancement at all three dosages tested (1,4 and 10 μg/g) and a significant log/dose relationship was also observed.
• 3.3. Observations on the relative weight of the gonads indicate that whole salmon pituitary extract (25 μg/g) possesses strong gonadotropic activity and that both bGH and rsGH had smaller but significant effects on the gonads.
• 4.4. It is suggested that growth hormone may play a subsidiary synergistic role to other pituitary hormones in gonadal development.

     

Chemical characterization of the brain of a coelacanth,Latimeria chalumnae

• 1.1. The chemical composition of coelacanth brain was studied and compared with some other species of bony fishes.
• 2.2. Almost all lipid classes generally seen in vertebrate brains were detected: 22:1 and 22h:1 acids were abundant in cerebroside and 24:1 acid in ganglioside. The hydroxy fatty acid content of cerebroside was high.
• 3.3. The myelin protein composition was unusual in that a 28,000-dalton protein was a major component.
• 4.4. 2′,3′-Cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase was 10 times more active than in the other bony fishes.
• 5.5. The present data suggest that molecular construction of coelacanth myelin is more advanced than that of the other bony fishes.