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1.
以埃塞俄比亚芥(2n=4x=BBCC=34)和芥蓝(2n=2x=CC=18)为材料,通过相互杂交获得了异源三倍体(2n=3x=BCC=26)。该异源三倍体生长势较强;叶色等介于双亲之间;株型、花型和花大小偏向于埃塞俄比亚芥;花色与芥蓝的相同,为白花。减数分裂观察表明:在终变期,一般形成9个二价体和8个单价体(9Ⅱ+8Ⅰ),且B、C两组染色体表现出一定程度的分群现象;中期Ⅰ,CC基因组的9个二价体排列在赤道板上,而B组的8个单价体游离在赤道板周围;后期Ⅰ分到两极的染色体以13/13和12/14占多数,偶见落后的染色体。该BCC异源三倍体的获得为创建CC+B染色体的异附加系和研究B、C基因组间的亲缘关系奠定了基础。  相似文献   

2.
4x菜心×2x芥蓝的胚胎发育观察及离体培养获得异源三倍体   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
对4x菜心×2x芥蓝和4x芥蓝×2x菜心的授粉受精及胚胎发育进行了观察,并对其杂种幼胚进行了离体培养.结果表明,4x菜心×2x芥蓝和4x芥蓝×2x菜心的授粉受精均能完成,但胚胎发育受阻,前者在授粉后11d左右(球形胚时期)胚胎败育,后者在授粉后5d左右(几个细胞的原胚时期)胚囊便干缩坏死. 经子房离体培养,4x菜心×2x芥蓝获得了杂种植株,适宜的培养时期是授粉后6~8d,而4x芥蓝×2x菜心未能培养成功.经形态学观察和核型分析,杂种植株在花色、花大小等方面具双亲特征,染色体数为2n=3x=29,含有菜心的2个染色体组(AA)和芥蓝的1个染色体组(C),为异源三倍体(AAC).  相似文献   

3.
对一个药用野生稻(Oryza officinalis Wall ex Watt,基因组型CC)异源单体附加系(monosomic alien addition line,MAAL)及其回交后代进行了分析,应用分子标记技术确定了该异源单体附加系所附加的染色体是一条嵌合的7号染色体,药用野生稻贡献了其长臂部分,而短臂和着丝粒则来源于栽培稻。将该植株与栽培稻亲本回交,得到109株回交后代,考察了回交群体的主要农艺性状并进行了分子标记分析,发现野生稻染色体片段的渗入影响了回交后代的株高、千粒重、结实率、结实密度、叶宽等农艺性状,而且这些性状之间正相关度很大。  相似文献   

4.
以白菜‘矮抗青’(基因组AA)和‘中花芥蓝’(基因组CC)及其人工合成异源四倍体甘蓝型油菜(AACC)的早期世代(F1~F4)为实验材料,采用水培方法分别比较它们在100、200mmol/L NaCl处理下的生理指标差异。结果表明:(1)在盐胁迫条件下,‘中花芥蓝’植株的生物量、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性均最低,而相对电导率、MDA含量则最高。在100mmol/L NaCl处理下,F2代植株的生物量、叶绿素含量、SOD活性最大,MDA含量最低;在200mmol/L NaCl处理下,F4代的生物量、叶绿素含量、POD活性最大,MDA含量最低。研究发现,亲本‘矮抗青’的耐盐特性高于亲本‘中花芥蓝’,它们的杂种后代(异源四倍体)遗传了AA基因组的耐盐特性,从而比二倍体亲本具有更强的抵御盐胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

5.
具有天然雌核发育的多倍体杂种鱼可防止杂种优势的分离并保持其后代的杂种优势. 由于假设诱发的多倍体鱼类的生殖模式是天然雌核发育的, 我们进行了鲤鲫杂种的多倍体诱发, 目的是描述经染色体组叠加由有性鲤鲫二倍体转化为异源三倍体及异源四倍体克隆谱系. 鲤鲫杂种产生未减数而具有两亲本染色体组杂种卵子, 未减数的雌核可与入卵的雄核融合叠加形成三倍体合子. 鲤鲫异源三倍体胚胎发育正常, 部分异源三倍体雌性个体可产生未减数的、仍保留母本的三套染色体的成熟卵子. 绝大部分鲤鲫异源人工三倍体个体的成熟卵子的雌核不与入卵的雄核融合, 具有天然雌核发育特性. 异源三倍体卵子在入卵精子的激动下由雌核发育产生全雌后代, 并形成一个单性克隆系, 后代保留异源三倍体母本的形态特征, 并靠雌核发育的生殖方式形成异源三倍体克隆系. 极少数异源三倍体个体的成熟卵子的雌核可与入卵的雄核融合, 再通过染色体组叠加形成鲤鲫异源四倍体. 所有异源四倍体的雌性产生未减数的、含有4个染色体组的成熟卵子. 异源四倍体的成熟卵子保持雌核发育特性, 在近类的精子诱发下产生单性后代, 形成一个异源四倍体单性克隆.  相似文献   

6.
四倍体鲫鲤、三倍体湘云鲫染色体减数分裂观察   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
用精巢细胞直接制片法观察了异源四倍体鲫鲤、三倍体湘云鲫和二倍体红鲫、湘江野鲤精母细胞染色体第一次减数分裂中期配对情况 ;作为对照 ,观察了上述四种鱼肾细胞的有丝分裂中期染色体。在精母细胞第一次减数分裂中 ,异源四倍体鲫鲤同源染色体两两配对 ,形成 10 0个二价体 ,没有观察到单价体、三价体和四价体 ;三倍体湘云鲫精母细胞形成 5 0个二价体和 5 0个单价体 ;红鲫和湘江野鲤精母细胞分别形成 5 0个二价体。肾细胞检测表明异源四倍体的染色体数目为 4n =2 0 0 ;湘云鲫为 3n =15 0 ;红鲫和湘江野鲤分别为 2n =10 0。减数分裂时染色体分布情况与肾细胞染色体检测结果相吻合。具有四套染色体的异源四倍体鲫鲤在减数分裂中只形成 10 0个二价体 ,而不形成 2 5个四价体或其它形式 ,为产生稳定一致的二倍体配子提供了重要的遗传保障 ,也为人工培育的异源四倍体鲫鲤群体能够世世代代自身繁衍下去提供了重要的遗传学证据。三倍体湘云鲫在减数分裂过程中出现二价体、单价体共存 ,同源染色体在配对和分离中出现紊乱 ,导致非整倍体生殖细胞的产生 ,为湘云鲫的不育性提供了染色体水平上的证据  相似文献   

7.
作者比较了第一代异源四倍体鱼、异源三倍体鱼、新四倍体鱼与亲本白鲫、红鲫及其杂交一代的染色体组型。三种亲本的二倍体染色体数均为100,但其组型分组各有差异,白鲫染色体组型公式:12m+36sm+32st十20t,NF=148,在亚中着丝点组中有一对特大的标记染色体;红鲫染色体组型:20m+34sm+26st+20t,NF=154;白鲫×红鲫杂种染色体组型:16m+35sm+29st+20t,NF=151,有一条与白鲫相似的特大标记染色体,证实其组型由白鲫和红鲫各提供一套染色体组组成。异源三倍体的染色体数为150,是亲本的1.5倍,染色体组型是:22m+53sm+45st+30t,NF=225,在亚中着丝点组中有一对特大标记染色体,表明异源三倍体的染色体组型含有两套白鲫染色体组和一套红鲫染色体组。第一代异源四倍体和新四倍体鱼染色体数目为其亲本的2倍,4n=200。前者的染色体组型为:32m+70sm+58st+40t,NF=302,一对与白鲫相似的特大标记染色体明显可见,证明其染色体组型由白鲫和红鲫各提供两套染色体组。新四倍体的染色体组组型为:28m+71sm+61st+40t,NF=299,分裂相中三条特大的标记染色体较明显,推测其染色体组型由三套白鲫染色体组和一套红鲫染色体组组成。结果表明:第一代异源四倍体、异源三倍体和新四倍体与三种亲本的  相似文献   

8.
通过染色体位点揭示鲫鱼的同源三倍体起源   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在洞庭湖水系统中,鲫鱼复合体表现出二倍体群体(2n=100,简称2n CC)和多倍体群体共存的特征.虽然染色体数目与核型分析已经揭示了这些多倍体鲫鱼分别为三倍体(3n=150)和四倍体(4n=200),但是一直缺乏直接的遗传证据.本研究通过对5S rDNA的染色体位点进行分析,证明了拥有150条染色体的鲫鱼个体(简称3n CC)是三倍体起源(3n=150).进一步对具有物种特异性的染色体着丝粒位点进行分析,揭示了3n CC拥有的3套染色体均来源于鲫鱼.相关研究结果提供了直接的细胞遗传学证据,证明了鲫鱼复合体群体中拥有150条染色体的鲫鱼个体是同源三倍体起源.相关研究结果有利于脊椎动物多倍体化和进化研究.  相似文献   

9.
Elymus fedtschenkoi的染色体组构成   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
Elymus fedtschenkoi Tzvel.是广泛分布在亚洲中部的多年生牧草。它既是重要的饲料牧草,也有可观的植被利用价值。经形态和生殖鉴定发现该种具有丛生性和自花授粉结实习性。经细胞学观察,发现它的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ形成14个二价体(表1),其中90%以上是环状二价体(图版Ⅱ,A),说明E.fedtschenkoi是异源四倍体,2n=28。已经成功地把它跟另外两个种杂交,它们是带有S染色体组的E.fedtschcnkoi是异源四倍体,2n=28.已经成功地把它跟另外两个种杂交,它们是带有S染色体组的Elytrigta fergancnsis(2n=14)和带有S、Y染色体组的 Elymus dentatus ssp.ugamicus(2n=28).(E.fedisehenkoi×Elyt.fergancnsis)F_1是三倍体(2n=21),减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体配对平均为11.75_Ⅰ,4.46_Ⅱ和0.11_Ⅲ,说明两个亲本具有一个部分同源的染色体组,即父本所带的SS组。(E.fedtschenkoi×E.dentatus)F_1,是四倍体(2n=28).中期Ⅰ染色体配对相当完全,平均有0.20_Ⅰ,2.89_Ⅱ,0.04_Ⅲ和0.47_Ⅳ,说明两亲的染色体组的构成基本相同,都是SSYY。这样,Elymus 属中又增加了一个带有SSYY染色体组的异源四倍体新种。染色体组构成已被用作分类学上划分属间界限的有效依据,我们认为它同样可以作为划分属内不同种群(Scetion)间界限的  相似文献   

10.
本研究从1979年开始,用抗病性较强的苏联球茎大麦(4x)为父本,普通小麦品种中国春(6x)为母本进行属间杂交,经离体培养杂种幼胚,获得了属间杂种(F_1)。杂种自交不育,用秋水仙素加倍亦不成功,而以中国春5B单体与之回交,获得回交一代(BC_1F_1)。杂种F_1形态为两亲的中间型,其花粉母细胞染色体数在24—30条之间。BC_1F_1代杂种的形态与F_1相似,染色体数在45—49条之间(其中大多数细胞终变期有20—21个二价体和3—7个单价体)。BC_1F_1代自交或回交均有部分结实。以后各代继续自交分离;于1985—1986年,分离出6个异源二体附加系(2n=22Ⅱ)和异源八倍体(2n=28Ⅱ)以及若干个与母本形态有明显差异的整倍体杂种后代(2n=21Ⅱ)。这些整倍体和非整倍体后代中,有2个附加系的蛋白质含量较高(22.30%和20.37%);在整倍体后代中有两个株系与其父本一样对小麦黄花叶病(WYMV)具有抗性,而其母本与浙江省当前推广的小麦品种均不抗病,说明球茎大麦抗黄花叶病基因可能已导入母本中国春小麦。  相似文献   

11.
Synthesis and single crystal X-ray structures of the first paramagnetic transition metal complexes containing chiral ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene-oxazoline (EDT-TTF-OX) 1a-c and ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene-thiomethyloxazoline 2 (EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX) ligands based on copper (II) and cobalt (II) are described. The racemic [EDT-TTF-OX][Cu(hfac)2] complex 3a crystallizes in the triclinic centrosymmetric space group , whereas the enantiopure counterparts 3b-c crystallize in the triclinic non-centrosymmetric space group P1. Cu(II) adopts a distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry, a much weaker Cu?STTF interaction also being identified. The same coordination pattern around Cu(II) is observed in the complex [(rac)-EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX][Cu(hfac)2] (4) in spite of the bidentate nature of the redox active ligand. DFT theoretical calculations afforded two equilibrium configurations for a corresponding model complex, in which the metal centre establishes secondary coordination either with one STTF or with the SMe group. The same ligand coordinates the cobalt (II) to afford the octahedral complex [(rac)-EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX][Co(hfac)2] (5). In all these novel complexes, the paramagnetic centres are structurally and magnetically isolated. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show the stability of the radical cation species.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Interactions of cationic porphyrins bearing five-membered rings at the meso position, meso-tetrakis(1,2-dimethylpyrazolium-4-yl)porphyrin (MPzP; M is H2, CuII or ZnII), with synthetic polynucleotides poly(dG-dC)2 and poly(dA-dT)2 have been characterized by viscometric, visible absorption, circular dichroisim and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopic and melting temperature measurements. Both H2PzP and CuPzP are intercalated into poly(dG-dC)2 and are outside-bound to the major groove of poly(dA-dT)2, while ZnPzP is outside-bound to the minor groove of poly(dA-dT)2 and surprisingly is intercalated into poly(dG-dC)2. The binding constants of the porphyrin and poly(dG-dC)2 and poly(dA-dT)2 are on the order of 106 M−1 and are comparable to those of other cationic porphyrins so far reported. The process of the binding of the porphyrin to poly(dG-dC)2 and poly(dA-dT)2 is exothermic and enthalpically driven for H2PzP, whereas it is endothermic and entropically driven for CuPzP and ZnPzP. These results have revealed that the kind of the central metal ion of metalloporphyrins influences the characteristics of the binding of the porphyrins to DNA.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users.  相似文献   

14.
15.
16.
R M Wartell 《Biopolymers》1972,11(4):745-759
Helix–coil transition curves are calculated for poly (dA) poly(dT) and poly (dA-dT) poly (dA-dT) using the integral equation approach of Goel and Montroll.5 The transitions are described by the loop entropy model with the exponent of the loop entropy factor, k, remaining an arbitrary constant. The theoretical calculations are compared with experimental transition curves of the two polymers. Results indicate that the stacking energies for these two polymers differ by about 1 kcal/mole of base pairs. Also, a fit between theory and experiment was not possible for k > 1.70.  相似文献   

17.
Lithioamidines {R′N(Li)C(R)NR′, I; R = CH3, R′ = C6H5, p-CH3,C6H4} react with iron(III) chloride
in monoglyme to produce navy-blue, high spin Fe{R′NC(R)NR′}3 complexes which are extremely air and moisture sensitive. The corresponding reaction when R = R′ = C6H5 produces a soluble red complex and an air-stable green complex, whereas when R = H, R′ = C6H5 and R = R′ = C6H5 and the reaction is started at ca. ?20°, red and green complexes respectively are formed. Though all the complexes are formulated Fe{R′NC(R)NR′}3, their properties reflect association through bridging amidino-groups. Iron(II) chloride reacts with I(R = CH3, R′ = p-CH3C6H4) to form two complexes, one crimson and soluble in organic solvents, and one brown and insoluble, which are fomulated [Fe{R′NC(R)NR′}2]n. The iron(III) complexes failed to react with, or were decomposed by, a variety of reducing, electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents, though blue Fe{p-CH3C6H4NC(CH3)N-p-CH3C6H4}3 reacts readily with nitric oxide to form a purple addition complex from which the N-nitroso-compound p-CH3C6H4NC(CH3)N(NO)-p-CH3C6H4 was obtained in high yield. Treatment of the corresponding brown iron(II) complex with nitric oxide gave no reaction.  相似文献   

18.
Two structurally related vanadium(V) complexes, K3[VO2(C2O4)2]·3H2O and K3[VO(O2)(C2O4)2]·1/2H2O, were thoroughly characterized by infrared, Raman, and electronic spectroscopies. The effect of both complexes on the viability of the human MG-63 osteosarcoma cells was tested using the MTT assay. The monoperoxo complex shows a very strong antiproliferative activity (at 100-μM concentration, this complex diminished the cell viability ca. 80 %), whereas the dioxo complex was inactive.  相似文献   

19.
N-(3,5-Dichlorophenylsulfonyl)-(R)-thioprolyl biarylalanine 10a has been identified as a potent and specific antagonist of the alpha(4)beta(1) integrin. Altering the configuration of thioproline from R to S led to a series of dual antagonists of alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7), and the N-acetyl analogue 8b was found to be the most potent dual antagonist. A binding site model for alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7) is proposed to explain the structure-activity relationship.  相似文献   

20.
The trinuclear [{RuII(bpy)2(bpy-terpy)}2CoII]6+ complex (16+) in which a Co(II)-bis-terpyridine-like centre is covalently linked to two Ru(II)-tris-bipyridine-like moieties by a bridging bipyridine-terpyridine ligand has been synthesised and characterised. Its electrochemical, photophysical and photochemical properties have been investigated in CH3CN. The cyclic voltammetry exhibits two successive reversible oxidation processes, corresponding to the CoIII/CoII and RuIII/RuII redox couples at E1/2 = −0.06 and 0.91 V vs Ag/Ag+ 10 mM, respectively. The one-electron oxidized form of the complex, [{RuII(bpy)2(bpy-terpy)}2CoIII]7+ (17+) obtained after exhaustive electrolysis carried out at 0.2 V is fully stable. 16+ and 17+ are only poorly luminescent, indicating that the covalent linkage of the Ru(II)-tris-bipyridine centre to the cobalt subunit leads to a strong quenching of the RuII excited state by an intramolecular process. Luminescence lifetime experiments carried out at different temperatures indicate that the transfer is more efficient for 17+ compare to 16+ due to lower activation energy. Continuous irradiation of 17+ performed at 405 nm in the presence of P(Ph)3 acting as sacrificial electron donor leads to its quantitative reduction into 16+, whereas similar experiment starting from 16+ with a sulfonium salt as sacrificial electron acceptor converts 16+ into 17+ with a slower rate and a maximum yield of 80%. These photoinduced electron transfers were followed by UV-Visible spectroscopy and compared with those obtained with a simple mixture of both mononuclear parent complexes i.e. [RuII(bpy)3]2+ and [CoII(tolyl-terpy)2]2+ or [CoIII(tolyl-terpy)2]3+ (tolyl-terpy = 4′-(4-methylphenyl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine).  相似文献   

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