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1.
花生根部性状的遗传分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用花生RIL群体,分析了11个花生根部性状的遗传力,估算基因对数及性状间的相互关系,根据偏度系数(g1)和峰度系数(g2)估算控制性状的基因互作情况。结果表明:11个性状都是受多基因控制的数量性状,在RIL群体中基因型间的差异均表现为连续变异和明显的超亲分离。侧根干重的遗传力最高达0.60,其次是侧根鲜重,为0.58,而其他性状的遗传力均较低。控制主根长性状的多基因间存在互作,互作方式为重叠作用;控制主根粗(3cm)性状的基因间也存在一定的重叠作用,但是作用不明显;控制其他性状的基因都存在互作,表现为互补作用,但互补作用的强弱有差异。主根粗(1cm)、主根粗(3cm)、主根干重、主根鲜重、侧根干重和侧根鲜重之间都显著或极显著相关;根体积与主根粗(1cm)、主根粗(3cm)、侧根干重和侧根鲜重显著或极显著相关。 相似文献
2.
以鲁花14号花生为材料,从花生cDNA文库和基因组中筛选和克隆了花生的金属硫蛋白基因AhMT3a。该基因全长785 bp,有2个内含子,开放阅读框由201个碱基组成,编码66个氨基酸,其中包含13个半胱氨酸(Cys),预测其分子量为6.83kD,等电点为4.59。运用生物信息学手段对AhMT3a蛋白的信号肽、跨膜区、亚细胞定位和疏水性进行了预测。与拟南芥、棉花和草莓等植物type 3 MTs的序列比对结果表明,花生和其他不同植物的MT3在氨基酸序列上具有较高的同源性,从系统发育树中可以看出AhMT3a和蒿麦的金属硫蛋白亲缘关系较近。半定量RT-PCR和芯片杂交结果显示花生AhMT3a在花中表达量最高,在种子中表达量最低;在ABA、NaCl及PEG等不同处理下,表达量变化不大。 相似文献
3.
H. Shifa Shazia Tasneem C. Gopalakrishnan 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2016,49(5-6):137-148
The antagonistic activity of Bacillus subtilis strain G1 was tested against various isolates of Aspergillus flavus in vitro. A talc-based powder formulation of B. subtilis strain G1 was prepared and evaluated to control A. flavus infection and aflatoxin B1 contamination in groundnut under greenhouse and field conditions. The results showed that B. subtilis strain G1 could inhibit the growth of all isolates of A. flavus tested in dual culture assay and the growth inhibition ranged from 93 to 100%. Results of greenhouse and field experiments indicated that B. subtilis strain G1 when applied to groundnut as seed treatment and soil application significantly suppressed A. flavus population in the soil, A. flavus infection and aflatoxin B1 content in kernels and increased the pod yield. These studies show that B. subtilis strain G1 has potential as a biocontrol agent for control of aflatoxin contamination in groundnut. 相似文献
4.
A. S. Sangha K. S. Labana 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1982,64(1):59-63
Summary An 8 × 8 full diallel experiment based on 4 bunch plus 4 spreading types of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was conducted over three environments. For both number of pods and pod yield, additive, nonadditive and reciprocal cross effects were detected and these were also influenced by changes in environments. For number of pods additive genetic variance was predominant whereas it was approximately equal to non-additive genetic variance for pod yield. Graphical analysis revealed the presence of strong non-allelic interaction for number of pods whereas for pod yield absence of dominance and/or presence of non-allelic interaction was evident.Part of Ph.D. Thesis of the first author 相似文献
5.
Huifang Jiang Li Huang Xiaoping Ren Yuning Chen Xiaojing Zhou Youlin Xia Jiaquan Huang Yong Lei Liying Yan Liyun Wan Boshou Liao 《植物学报(英文版)》2014,56(2):159-169
Association mapping is a powerful approach for exploring the molecular basis of phenotypic variations in plants. A peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) mini-core collection in China comprising 298 accessions was genotyped using lo9 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, which identified 554 SSR alleles and phenotyped for 15 agronomic traits in three different environments, exhibiting abundant genetic and phenotypic diversity within the panel. A model-based structure analysis assigned all accessions to three groups. Most of the accessions had the relative kinship of less than o.05, indicating that there were no or weak relationships between accessions of the mini- core collection. For 15 agronomic traits in the peanut panel, generally the Q + K model exhibited the best performance to eliminate the false associated positives compared to the Q model and the general linear model-simple model. In total, 89 SSR alleles were identified to be associated with 15 agronomic traits of three environments by the Q+K model-based association analysis. Of these, eight alleles were repeatedly detected in two or three environments, and 15 alleles were commonly detected to be associated with multiple agronomic traits. Simple sequence repeat allelic effects confirmed significant differences between different genotypes of these repeatedly detected markers. Our results demonstrate the great potential of integrating the association analysis and marker-assisted breeding by utilizing the peanut mini-core collection. 相似文献
6.
Perumal Venkatachalam Natesan Geetha Narayanasamypillai Jayabalan 《Journal of Plant Biology》1998,41(1):1-8
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of phytohormones on plant regeneration from epicotyl and hypocotyl explants
of two groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars. Explants cultured on media with auxins and in combination with cytokinin produced high frequency of callus. After
four weeks, callus from these cultures was transferred to medium with cytokinin and reduced auxin, shoot buds regenerated
from the cultures. A high rate of shoot bud regeneration was observed on medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L
NAA. Among the different auxins tested, NAA was found to be most effective, producing the highest frequency of shoot buds
per responding cultures. Of the two explants tested, epicotyl was found to be best for high frequency shoot bud regeneration.
Multiple shoots arose on MS medium supplemented with BAP or kinetin (1.0–5.0 mg/L) plus IBA (1.0 mg/L), with maximum production
occurring at 5.0 mg/L. The elongated shoots developed rootsin vitro upon transfer to MS medium supplemented with NAA or IBA (0.5–2.0 mg/L) and kinetin (0.5 mg/L) for 15 days.In vitro produced plantlets, were transferred to soil and placed in a glasshouse developed successfully, matured, and set seeds. 相似文献
7.
Huifang Jiang Li Huang Xiaoping Ren Yuning Chen Xiaojing Zhou Youlin Xia Jiaquan Huang Yong Lei Liying Yan Liyun Wan Boshou Liao 《Acta Botanica Sinica》2014,(2)
Association mapping is a powerful approach for exploring the molecular basis of phenotypic variations in plants.A peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)mini-core collection in China comprising 298 accessions was genotyped using 109 simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers,which identified 554 SSR alleles and phenotyped for 15 agronomic traits in three different environments,exhibiting abundant genetic and phenotypic diversity within the panel.A model-based structure analysis assigned all accessions to three groups.Most of the accessions had the relative kinship of less than 0.05,indicating that there were no or weak relationships between accessions of the mini-core collection.For 15 agronomic traits in the peanut panel,generally the Q t K model exhibited the best performance to eliminate the false associated positives compared to the Q model and the general linear model-simple model.In total,89SSR alleles were identified to be associated with 15 agronomic traits of three environments by the Q t K model-based association analysis.Of these,eight alleles were repeatedly detected in two or three environments,and 15 alleles were commonly detected to be associated with multiple agronomic traits.Simple sequence repeat allelic effects confirmed significant differences between different genotypes of these repeatedly detected markers.Our results demonstrate the great potential of integrating the association analysis and marker-assisted breeding by utilizing the peanut mini-core collection. 相似文献
8.
Factors affecting somatic embryogenesis in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using leaflet explants of seedlings obtained from aseptically germinated embryo axes were evaluated. Somatic embryogenesis
was influenced by developmental stage, leaflet size, induction medium, and time on induction medium. Leaflets that were 5–7
mm long had a greater embryogenic response than smaller or larger leaflets. Percent embryogenesis and mean number of embryos
were related to the developmental stage of germinating seedlings. A greater response was obtained if leaflets were folded
and closely appressed. Preselection of leaflets increased percent embryogenesis from 21% up to 67%. As leaflets unfolded,
embryogenesis decreased; open leaflets lost the potential for embryogenesis. The optimal induction conditions were a 7-day
incubation period on Murashige and Skoog medium with 136 μm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.93 μm kinetin. Somatic embryos germinated to form plants that exhibited a normal morphology.
Received: 29 December 1997 / Revision received: 9 April 1998 / Accepted: 24 April 1998 相似文献
9.
花生重组近交系(RIL)根部性状的遗传分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用花生R IL群体,分析了主根长、侧根数、根基粗(1 cm和3 cm处)、根体积、主根鲜重、干重、侧根鲜重和干重、主侧根瘤数等11个花生根部性状的遗传力,估算基因对数及性状间的相互关系,根据偏度系数(g1)和峰度系数(g2)的估算控制性状基因互作情况。结果表明:在11个研究性状中,有6个性状在2个亲本间差异显著或极显著。但不论性状在亲本间的差异显著与否,在R IL群体中基因型间的性状差异均表现为连续变异和明显的超亲分离。同时主根粗(1 cm)和主根长的变异系数较小,分别为11.27%和11.218%。11个花生根部性状都是受多基因控制的数量性状,如影响侧根根瘤数、侧根鲜重和侧根干重的基因均在10对左右;而其它性状的基因估计在5~7对左右,尤其是控制侧根数的基因最少为5对左右。而在R IL群体中,除侧根干重的遗传力最高,达0.569,其次是侧根根瘤和侧根数分别达0.545和0.542外,其它性状的遗传力均较低。同时控制主根长和主根粗(1 cm)的基因间存在重叠作用;而控制侧根根瘤、侧根鲜重和侧根干重基因间存在互作,表现为互补作用;控制其它性状的基因间互补或重叠作用不明显或者不存在。主根干重和侧根干重与根体积、主根粗(1 cm)和主根粗(3 cm)显著相关,根体积与主根粗(3 cm)极显著相关,主根鲜重和侧根鲜重与根体积的相关表现不一致。 相似文献
10.
Thirty-six groundnut gentoypes of varied origin were evaluated for their yield, crop growth rates (C), and partitioning to reproductive sinks (p) in three trials. In the trials irrigation and sowing date were used to vary the amount of water available either throughout the crops' life, or through the grain filling phase. Genotype performance across the five environments for these attributes showed that although differences in C existed, differences in the stability of the partitioning were the dominant attribute of genotypes adapted to the drought prone Sahelian region. Data suggested that these differences were more attributable to tolerance to temperature and/or humidity than water stress. Over all treatments canopy temperatures relative to air (CATD) were strongly correlated with the C observed, but not so with yield; and differences between genotypes in the relationship between C and CATD were not statistically significant. 相似文献
11.
花生ARAhPR10基因启动子序列的克隆及分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
PR10(pathogenesis-related class10protein)类蛋白与植物的抵御外来病害及系统获得性抗性(SAR)有着紧密联系,本文采用基于PCR的基因组DNA步移法,从抗黄曲霉花生品种粤油20中克隆ARAhPR10(Aspergillus flavus-resistant AhPR10)基因起始密码子ATG上游256bp类似启动子序列,并对其进行植物顺式作用元件数据库PLACE预测分析。结果表明,该类似启动子序列含有4处TATA box和2处CAAT box保守的启动子结构元件,还有6处W-box、1处BIHD1和3处GT-1motif抗逆应答元件,其中W-box常见于PR蛋白的启动子区内参与病程应答。我们初步认为本研究克隆的序列可能是ARAhPR10基因的启动子。 相似文献
12.
以花生幼叶为外植体进行离体培养,研究BA浓度对花器官分化的影响并进一步观察试管内花器官的发育.结果表明:经MSB 1mg/LBA 0.5mg/LKIN 2mg/LIAA培养基诱导的愈伤组织,转接到附加1~3mg/LBA的MSB培养基上培养,均能直接诱导分化花器官,但2mg/LBA的诱导效率最高达21.13%;诱导分化的花器官转接到MSB培养基继续培养,部分花器官可以在试管内开花、受精、成针、结实.试验实现了以花生幼叶为外植体,在试管内完成诱导花芽、开花、受精、形成果针、子房膨大,直至形成荚果等过程,为离体条件下研究花生花器官分化、荚果及种子发育提供了技术体系和材料. 相似文献
13.
In vitro flowering and pod formation from cotyledons of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
S. B. Narasimhulu G. M. Reddy 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1984,69(1):87-91
Summary The response of groundnut cotyledons to the presence of various growth regulators in concentrations from 0.1 to 5 mg/l has been studied in detail using several genotypes of groundnut on two different media. Cotyledons with embryo axis, cultured on Blaydes' medium with cytokinins, produced shoots, in the axils of which 2–7 flower buds could be seen. The frequency of flower bud induction in general increased with increasing concentrations of cytokinins, the optimal levels being 3 mg/l of KN or 4 mg/l of BAP. Cotyledons without embryo axis, cultured on Blaydes' medium with BAP (0.5 mg/l), produced a cluster of flower buds directly, ranging in number from 8–28, without any vegetative growth. Excised embryo axes cultured on the same medium gave plantlets without flower buds. The growth regulators IAA, NAA, GA3 and ABA failed to induce flower buds in independent treatments. However, lower concentrations of IAA and NAA in combination with cytokinins exerted a positive influence on flowering. The blooming of the flower buds was facilitated on media supplemented with low concentrations of cytokinins. Six percent of the induced flowers resulted in gynophore development and ultimately formed pods when cultured under complete dark conditions in modified MS medium supplemented with kinetin. 相似文献
14.
花生分子标记的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
国内外对花生的研究特别是在分子水平上的研究相对水稻、油菜等农作物比较薄弱。近些年,分子标记技术迅速发展,在花生上也得到广泛的应用。本文从花生属起源、种质资源的遗传多样性、抗性基因的标记和指纹图谱等方面,综述了国内外花生分子标记的研究进展。 相似文献
15.
This paper deals with a new analytical approach for studying metal speciation in the xylem, as applied to the nuclear waste
metal technetium (99Tc) in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cv. Tiny Tim). Special attention was paid to sampling protocols and sample
handling so that metal oxidation/reduction processes during analytical procedures did not influence the results. Marker Tc-ligand
complexes were synthesized in vitro (Tc-cysteine, Tc-histidine, Tc-citrate, and Tc-nicotianamine) and sampling was performed
under both argon and atmospheric conditions. Analyses were carried out using paper chromatography, gel electrophoresis (PAGE),
and reversed phase ion-pair chromatography (RP-IPC). The results show Tc to be present predominantly in the TcO4
− form in the xylem, indicating transport similarities with molybdenum and chromium. Probably, the approach used is also valuable
in other metal-speciation studies in the xylem.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Five popular but iron-inefficient cultivars were crossed with three efficient genotypes and both parents and F1s were evaluated for iron-efficiency in potted calcareous and noncalcareous soil. The iron-efficient genotypes were dark green or green in both noncalcareous and calcareous soils whereas inefficient types were light green to yellow in calcareous soil. The chlorophyll and active iron (Fe2+) concentration of leaves was less in iron-efficient genotypes compared to efficient types in calcareous soil and reduction of both the parameters from noncalcareous to calcareous soil was considerably high in iron-inefficient lines. There was significant correlation between visual scores, chlorophyll and active iron content. There were no differences among F1s for iron chlorosis and they were all iron-inefficient. The frequency of iron-inefficient plants was higher than the efficient plants in all F2 populations. But most of the productive plants came from iron-efficient segregants indicating strong association between iron-efficiency and productivity. Based on the results selection for iron-efficiency in early generations and extensive evaluation for productivity in advanced generations is suggested for developing varieties for cultivation in calcareous soils. 相似文献
17.
Normal pods (containing seed) of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (cv. TMV-2) were successfully raised in darkened, aerated, nutrient solution, but not in the light. The onset of podding was evident 7 to 8 d after gynophores were submerged in the darkened nutrient solution. An examination of pods and submerged portions of gynophore surfaces by scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of two distinctly different protuberances: unicellular root-hair-like structures that first developed from epidermal cells of the gynophores and developing pods; and branched septate hairs that developed later from cells below the epidermal layer. The septate hairs became visible only after the epidermal and associated unicellular structures had been shed by the expanding gynophore and pods. Omission of Mn and Mg from the podding environment increased pod and seed weight, whilst omission of Zn reduced pod and seed weight. 相似文献
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20.
M. Dutta V. Arunachalam A. Bandyopadhyay K. Vinod Prabhu 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1986,71(4):662-666
Summary Seeds of 4 crosses of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), Robut 33-1 x Chico, Robut 33-1 x NC Ac 17090, Robut 33-1 x PI 298115 and MK 374 x GAUG 1, were irradiated with 30 kR. In the F1, some branches of each plant were intermated with other plants at random and others selfed in each cross to produce S2 and F2 seeds. They were evaluated for pod yield, shelling percentage and 100-kernel weight. The frequency of plants superior to F[in1] was much higher in S2 than in F2, which was, in general, true for the values of yield and its components. The S2 and F2 were advanced to third generation by selfing. The families descending from S2 showed clear superiority over those from F2. The reason for such superiority was suggested to be the recombination of genes from the upper and lower ends of the genotypic distribution under intermating. 相似文献