Antimicrobial and antitumor activity of N-heteroimmine-1,2,3-dithiazoles and their transformation in triazolo-, imidazo-, and pyrazolopirimidines.

The reaction of Appel's salt with o-amino nitrile heterocycles 10-19 gave the corresponding 4-chloro-5-heteroimmine-1,2,3-dithiazoles 20-29 which were evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activity. Although all these N-heteroimines were devoid of significant antibacterial activity, they showed significant antifungal activity. Moreover, the same derivatives represent highly versatile intermediates in heterocyclic synthesis, in fact the pyrazoleimino dithiazoles 20-26 can be converted in one step into 2-cyano derivatives of the corresponding 4-methoxy-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines 30-35 by sodium methoxide in refluxing methanol. This provides a general and attractive route to 4-methoxy-6-cyano pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines from 1-substituted 5-amino pyrazoles 10-19 in two simple steps. Finally, the isosteric replacement of the pyrazole ring atoms to give the imidazole[3,4-d]pyrimidine and triazole [4,5-d] pyrimidine ring systems was examined.     

海绵共栖细菌NJ6-3-1基于群体感应调控的抗菌活性

[目的]选择一株海绵共栖细菌Pseudoalteromonas sp.NJ6-3-1,研究其抗菌物质的代谢是否受到群体感应的调控.[方法]我们研究了在不同生长条件细菌NJ6-3-1代谢物的抗菌活性与细胞密度的关系;通过模拟自然的竞争环境,研究了低密度条件下的细菌NJ6-3-1与外源细菌Staphylococcus aureus共培养时的抗菌活性情况.[结果]实验发现细菌NJ6-3-1代谢抗菌物质的行为与细胞密度密切相关,只有当细胞密度达到一定的阈值OD630=0.4时,NJ6-3-1才能代谢抗菌物质;同时发现外源病原菌S.aureus代谢产物中存在某种信号分子,能诱导NJ6-3-1在不产生抗菌物质的生长条件下代谢抗菌物质.[结论]以上结果初步说明NJ6-3-1的抗菌活性受到种内和种间群体感应系统的调控.     

Novel lysine-peptoid hybrids with antibacterial properties.

Here we report the design, synthesis and antibacterial activity of 20 lysine-peptoid hybrids. The hybrids are based on the peptoid lead structure [N-(1-naphthalenemethyl)glycyl]-[N-(4-methylbenzyl)glycyl]-[N-(1-naphthalenemethyl)glycyl]-N-(butyl)glycin amide (1) and contain between one and six lysine residues each. The compounds were tested for antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922. Furthermore, the hemolytic activity toward human erythrocytes was assessed. Several compounds with potent antibacterial activity and low hemolytic activity were identified.     

镇江香醋醋醅抑菌活性及机理的初步分析

【目的】评价镇江香醋醋酸发酵过程中醋醅及其主要酿醋功能微生物的抑菌活性。【方法】采用琼脂扩散法评价醋醅和功能微生物的抑菌效果,并考察加热、蛋白酶解、透析等不同处理对发酵液抑菌活性的影响。【结果】醋醅水提取液及4种酿醋功能微生物(Acetobacter pasteurianus、A.pomorum、Lactobacillus helveticus、L.plantarum)的发酵上清液对4种指示菌具有明显的生长抑制效果。发酵上清液中的抑菌活性物质具有一定耐热性和蛋白酶敏感性,分子量小于8 k D。【结论】镇江香醋醋醅及其所含醋酸杆菌和乳酸杆菌对环境微生物具有生长抑制活性,且抑菌活性物质的种类具有多样性。     

木犀草素对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性及其机制

【目的】研究木犀草素对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制活性及其机制。【方法】利用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色,细胞膜渗透性测定,SDS-PAGE蛋白谱变化,4′,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)荧光染色法等对木犀草素的抑菌活性及其机制进行研究。【结果】木犀草素能影响金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜的通透性,木犀草素作用16h,菌体可溶性蛋白总量减少64.54%,DNA含量减少48.44%,RNA含量减少39.35%,木犀草素的浓度为1.6mg/mL时,拓扑异构酶I和II的活性可完全被抑制。【结论】木犀草素有明显的抑菌活性,其抑菌机制主要是通过抑制DNA拓扑异构酶的活性,进而影响菌体核酸及蛋白质的合成来实现的。     

Antibacterial activity of highly negative charged polyoxotungstates, K27[KAs4W40O140] and K18[KSb9W21O86], and Keggin-structural polyoxotungstates against Helicobacter pylori

The antibacterial activity of polyoxometalates (PMs) against Helicobacter pylori was investigated based on determinations of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC), time-killing of the bacteria, bacterial morphology and PM-uptake into the bacteria cell. The result of MIC values revealed that, of 13 PMs used in this study, highly negative-charged polyoxotungstates, such as K27[KAs4W40O140] and K18[KSb9W21O86], and Keggin-structural polyoxotungstates exhibited a potent antibacterial activity with the MIC values of less than 256 microg/ml. The former was the most active, and superior to metronidazole (MTZ) against MTZ-susceptible and resistant strains and also to clarithromycin (CLR) against CLR-resistant strains. In contrast, most of polyoxomolybdates showed little antibacterial activity with the MIC values of more than 256 microg/ml. The result of FIC index values indicated that the antibacterial polyoxotungstates had partially synergistic effect in combination with MTZ and CLR but indifferent effect in combination with amoxicillin (AMX). From the results of the time-killing and scanning electron microscope images, K27[KAs4W40O140] and K18[KSb9W21O86] proved the concentration-dependent bactericidal activity with the morphological change from bacillary form to coccoid form, while Keggin-structural K5[SiV(V)W11O40] showed the bacteriostatic activity with small change of morphology to coccoid form. The fluorescent X-ray analysis demonstrated that these polyoxotungstates were taken into the bacteria cell. It is pointed out that the Keggin-structure and/or high negativity polyoxotungstates are an important factor for the antibacterial activity against H. pylori.     

具有抗哈维氏弧菌活性共生真菌HLZ-3菌株的筛选、鉴定及其培养条件

【背景】目前,海水养殖业中主要利用抗生素来防治哈维氏弧菌等病原菌,但抗生素的长期使用或滥用会对环境和人体健康带来危害,因此既环保又有效的生物防治方法具有广阔的应用前景。【目的】从海水产品共生微生物中筛选具有抗菌活性的菌株,对活性菌株进行鉴定并确定其合成抗菌活性物质的培养条件。【方法】利用沙氏和2216E培养基,以稀释涂布平板法从海水养殖动物中分离真菌和细菌;利用牛津杯法测定微生物发酵液抗水产病原哈维氏弧菌的活性;通过菌株的培养特征、形态特征和ITS序列分析对抗菌活性菌株进行鉴定;通过筛选发酵培养基的种类及盐度确定培养条件。【结果】从海蚌、白虾、海蛎子等9种样品中分离出微生物52株,其中真菌30株、细菌22株;筛选得到2株具有抗哈维氏弧菌活性的真菌菌株;其中一株活性菌株HLZ-3被鉴定为塔宾曲霉;菌株HLZ-3合成抗菌活性物质的培养条件为4%NaCl的大米培养基,28°C静置培养2周。【结论】实验结果为进一步分离纯化菌株HLZ-3所产抗菌活性次生代谢产物提供了基础。     

紫菜外生细菌抑菌活性及其多聚酮合酶（PKS I） 基因筛选

摘要：【目的】：基于紫菜外生细菌抑菌活性的研究,本文对具有广谱抑菌活性的菌株进行了多聚酮合酶(Polyketide synthase I, PKS I)基因的筛选,以期获得PKS I 阳性菌株及探讨紫菜藻际微生物区系细菌的拮抗机制与PKS I 途径的关系。【方法】：利用琼脂柱法筛选出具广谱抑菌活性的菌株31株,以其基因组DNA 为模板,设计引物扩增酮基合成酶(Ketosynthase, KS) 片段基因并将其克隆到 pMD19-T Vector,筛选出PKS I 阳性菌,进行16S rDNA 测序分析。【结果】：紫菜外生细菌表现出广谱抑菌性。从温州病烂紫菜外生菌中筛选出3株具强抑菌活性的PKS I 阳性菌,BLAST 比对结果显示：菌株WPhG3、WPySw1和WPySw2 扩增得到PKS I 的KS 结构域核苷酸序列所对应的氨基酸序列与Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168（NP_389602）、Bacillus subtilis (ABR19776)和Aspergillus carbonarius (AAZ99721) 的PKS I 的KS 结构域的同源性分别达到98%、99%和98%;16S rDNA 系统发生学分析显示它们均与Bacillus 的同源性最高。【结论】：紫菜藻际微生物群落组成复杂,通过多条途径调节藻际微生物区系的平衡。PKS I 途径可能是温州病烂紫菜外生菌Bacillus 表现抑菌活性的一种方式。     

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thieno[3,2-c]pyridine quinolones

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of a number of substituted 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thieno[3,2-c]pyridine quinolones is reported. The antibacterial activities were evaluated in standard in vitro MIC assay method. Some of the compounds showed in vitro (MIC) antibacterial activity comparable to those of Gatifloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Sparfloxacin.     

秸秆发酵中乳酸菌复合系SFC-2对杂菌的抑制作用

目的]为探明秸秆发酵用乳酸菌复合系SFC-2对杂菌的抑制作用.[方法]从秸秆自然发酵体系中.利用平板划线法、纸片扩散法和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)筛选出13株菌作为研究该乳酸菌复合系抑菌作用的对象.[结果](1)通过16S rDNA序列分析显示13株分离菌中9株菌的近缘种为Enterobactercloacae,Klebsiella oxytoca,Bacillus cereus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Citrobacter freundii,Klebsiellaterrigena、Citrobacter sp.,这些均为常见的致病菌或条件致病菌.(2)将筛选出的致病菌作为被测试菌株,用SFC-2的发酵上清液处理表明:SFC-2复合系的抑菌作用高于复合系分离的单一菌株和单一菌株人工组合的抑制作用.(3)SFC-2培养的14～48 h内动态检测结果表明:发酵上清液的有机酸含量有显著差异,但抑菌活性差异不显著;发酵上清液经热处理后抑菌活性不发生变化,蛋白酶K处理后抑菌活性部分丧失.     

N-terminal analogues of cecropin A: synthesis, antibacterial activity, and conformational properties

Six analogues of the 37-residue antibacterial peptide cecropin A were synthesized by the solid-phase method: cecropin A-(2-37), [Glu2]cecropin A, [Pro4]cecropin A, [Glu6]cecropin A, [Leu6]cecropin A, and [Pro8]cecropin A. Their antibacterial activities against four test organisms were determined and related to conformational changes observed in their CD spectra and were discussed on the basis of a previously proposed amphipathic alpha-helix model. An aromatic residue in position 2 was shown to be important for activity against all tested bacteria. The highly alpha-helical 1-11 region of cecropin A did not appear to play a significant role in its activity against Escherichia coli but was clearly involved in its interaction against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus megaterium, and Micrococcus luteus.     

植物乳杆菌DY6主要抑菌代谢物的分析和鉴定

【背景】被广泛应用于食品和饲料等多个行业的乳酸菌已成为制作生物防腐剂的研究热点。【目的】探究抑菌性能良好的植物乳杆菌DY6的抑菌物质,为其进一步应用提供参考依据。【方法】对植物乳杆菌发酵液中抑菌物质的理化特性进行研究,采用GC-MS分析发酵上清液代谢物,通过多元统计学分析方法推测主要抑菌物质,抑菌物质通过半制备进行初步分离后用GC-MS鉴定。【结果】植物乳杆菌DY6对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌都有较强的抑制作用。采用不同发酵时间的发酵液作为研究对象,测定发酵上清液的抑菌能力,发酵0-4 h上清液无抑菌能力,发酵至8 h抑菌能力逐步上升,发酵24-48 h发酵上清液抑菌能力趋于稳定,在48 h时抑菌能力最佳,抑菌直径为15.28mm。通过多元统计学分析乳酸菌发酵液差异标志物,发现主要差异物为有机酸(如乳酸、乙酸、丙酸等)和脂肪酸(如辛酸、癸酸等)。经过半制备液相分离发酵上清液得到的抑菌组分,主要有有机酸(如乳酸、乙酸、3-苯基乳酸、苯丙酸等)和脂肪酸(如癸酸、辛酸、壬酸等),另外还有少量的醛类和醇类物质。【结论】确定了植物乳杆菌DY6的抑菌物质主要为有机酸和脂肪酸,为其进一步防腐应用提供了理论基础。     

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some new benzo[5,6]chromeno[2,3-<Emphasis Type="Italic">d</Emphasis>]pyrimidines

The synthesis and antibacterial activity of some new benzo[5,6]chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives are described. The title compounds were obtained by the reaction of 1H-benzo[f]chromenes with aliphatic and aromatic amines. The structures of all newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, ¹HNMR, ¹³C NMR, and NOESY experiments. The compounds exhibited potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species. 10-Methyl-12-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,12-dihydro-11H-benzo[5,6]chromeno[2,3-d] pyrimidin-11-imine displayed greater antibacterial activity against gramnegative bacterial species than did ciprofloxacinandamoxicillin.     

Benzo[f]naphtyridones: a new family of topical antibacterial agents active on multi-resistant Gram-positive pathogens

The synthesis and antibacterial activity of benzo[f][1,7]naphtyridone derivatives are reported. These compounds are potent antibacterial agents with a Gram-positive spectrum of activity. They are active against multi-resistant cocci, especially Staphylococcus aureus strains. Their physico-chemical and biological properties make them particularly suitable for topical antibacterial use.     

DNA gyrase (GyrB)/topoisomerase IV (ParE) inhibitors: Synthesis and antibacterial activity

The synthesis and antibacterial activities of three chemotypes of DNA supercoiling inhibitors based on imidazolo[1,2-a]pyridine and [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine scaffolds that target the ATPase subunits of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV (GyrB/ParE) is reported. The most potent scaffold was selected for optimization leading to a series with potent Gram-positive antibacterial activity and a low resistance frequency.     

抗菌活性海洋真菌HN4-13的鉴定及其发酵优化

[目的]鉴定一株来源于连云港近岸海域沉积物并具有分泌抗菌活性代谢产物的真菌菌株HN4-13,优化其合成抗菌活性物质的发酵条件.[方法]通过形态学观察及ITS序列分析方法对菌株HN4-13进行鉴定;通过基础发酵培养基筛选、碳氮源及无机盐的单因素试验,继而采用正交试验设计优化其合成抗菌活性物质的发酵条件.[结果]菌株HN4-13被鉴定为黄柄曲霉(Aspergillus flavipes),其分泌抗菌活性产物的发酵条件为:4％蔗糖、0.5％蛋白胨、0.1％ KCl、0.06％ NaH2PO4、28℃、1％接种量、160 r/min培养9d.[结论]实验结果为进一步分离纯化菌株HN4-13所产抗菌活性代谢产物提供了基础.     

Synthesis of some new [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines and [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4] thiadiazoles starting from 5-nitro-2-furoic acid and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity

New series of fused 1,2,4-triazoles such as, 6-(aryl)-3-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles 4-8, 6-(alkyl/aryl amino)-3-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles 9-13 and 6-(4-substituted phenyl)-3-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines 14-18 have been synthesized via the reaction of 4-amino-5-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol 3 with various reagents such as hetero aromatic aldehydes, alkyl/aryl isothiocyanates and 4-substituted phenacyl bromides, respectively. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral studies. The newly synthesized triazolo derivatives have been investigated for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Most of the tested compounds showed interesting antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the most potent antibacterial compounds 11-13 were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines. It was found that compounds 11 and 13 showed higher cytotoxicity against Hep-G2 cell line as compared to standard.     

Synthesis of some novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents

The reaction of 4-hydrazino-8-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline (2) with ethoxymethylenecyanoacetate afforded ethyl 5-amino-1-[8-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (3) and that with ethoxymethylenemalononitrile afforded 5-amino-1-[8-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (5). Compounds 3 and 5 were hydrolyzed to get 5-amino-1-[8-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid and then reacted with acetic anhydride to afford 6-methyl-1-[8-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]pyrazolo[3,4-d]oxazin-4-one (6), which was condensed with different aromatic amines to give a series of 5-substituted 6-methyl-1-[8-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones (7). Compounds 3 and 5 also reacted with formamide, urea, and thiourea affording the corresponding pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (8-13), respectively. Structures of the products have been determined by chemical reactions and spectral studies. All compounds of the series have been screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity studies. The results are summarized in Tables 1 and 2.     

Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of ATP analogues as DNA gyrase inhibitors

We report herein the design and synthesis of ATP-analogues, namely 4-amino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines and 4-amino-pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines, with DNA gyrase inhibitory activity. Among these series, some compounds exhibited promising antibacterial activity.     

副干酪乳杆菌HD1.7群体感应行为

【目的】Paracin1.7是从副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)HD1.7发酵液中提取的一种细菌素,本文主要研究菌株HD1.7在发酵过程中调控Paracin1.7代谢的群体感应机制。【方法】利用杯碟法检测不同生长条件下菌株HD1.7培养液的抑菌活性,通过调整培养基营养成分的多寡,控制培养液中细胞密度。【结果】菌株HD1.7的抑菌活性与其细胞密度密切相关,只有当细胞密度达到一定的阈值(OD600为0.8,菌体干重为0.331 1 g/L)时,菌株才能表现抑菌活性;以发酵上清液作为信号分子,当添加不同浓度信号分子至低于阈值浓度培养液后,菌株抑菌活性受到不同程度的影响,并且在去除信号分子后,菌株的抑菌活性明显降低。【结论】细菌素Paracin1.7是存在于HD1.7发酵液中的特殊的群体感应信号分子,可进行自我诱导。细菌素Paracin1.7的抑菌活性受到HD1.7群体感应系统的调控。