加热回流法提取淫羊藿苷的试验研究

目的:考察加热回流法提取次数、提取时间、料液比以及乙醇体积分数等实验条件可能对淫羊藿苷的提取率所产生的影响。方法:提取溶剂选择为乙醇,采用加热回流法从淫羊藿中提取淫羊藿苷,采用单因素试验考察淫羊藿苷的提取时间、提取次数、淫羊藿的料液比以及溶剂中乙醇体积分数对淫羊藿苷的提取率所产生的影响,在此基础上进行正交试验的设计,优化提取工艺。结果:结果表明优化的加热回流提取法为料液比1:10(m:V,g/ml),提取2次、提取时间为40min,乙醇体积分数75%。     

乌头须根总生物碱提取工艺的考察

目的:考察乌头须根中总生物碱的最佳提取工艺条件。方法:酸碱滴定法测定乌头须根中总生物碱含量,以总生物碱提取率为指标,采用L9(3)~4正交实验法筛选乌头须根总生物碱的最佳提取工艺。结果:乌头须根总生物碱含量为1.094%,影响提取的主次因素为:乙醇浓度>提取次数>提取时间>乙醇用量;优选得到的最佳提取工艺为A_3B_1C_3D_3,即以8倍量80%的乙醇提取3次,每次1.5小时。结论:乌头须根总生物碱含量较高,提取工艺条件稳定、经济、可行。     

苏州荠苧总黄酮的提取工艺研究

目的:研究苏州荠苧总黄酮的提取工艺.方法:选择乙醇浓度(A)、溶媒倍数(B)、提取时间(C)等为考察因素,以总黄酮含量为考察指标,采用正交试验设计考察提取工艺.结果:乙醇浓度和提取时间对总黄酮含量影响显著,应加以控制.结论:最佳提取工艺为A1B1C3,即加8倍量的浓度为70%的乙醇回流提取6 h,总黄酮得率最高.     

眠安胶囊原料药的提取工艺研究

目的:研究眠安胶囊的有效部位及黄芩和琥珀等药材的提取条件.方法:采用正交试验设计,以黄芩苷含量和提取物收率为指标,筛选出了黄芩提取的最佳条件为黄芩粉碎为最粗粉,用10倍水煎煮1.5h后再用8倍量水煎煮0.5h,减压浓缩(60 ℃～70 ℃)煎液至体积为投料量的5倍,于70 ℃加稀盐酸调pH值为1～2,保温30min后静置8h;以药效学为指标,确定了琥珀等药材渗漉提取用乙醇的浓度为70%,同时以药效学和干浸膏得率为指标,通过单因素试验确定了琥珀等药材提取的最优条件为10倍量70%乙醇浸渍24h,调渗漉速度为3 ml·min-1·kg-1进行渗漉提取.结果:眠安胶囊的有效部位为黄芩用水煎煮、琥珀等用乙醇渗漉提取的部位.结论:该工艺稳定,重复性好,适合于眠安胶囊原料药的提取.     

夏天无药材提取工艺研究

采用正交试验法,以原阿片碱转移率为指标,考察乙醇浓度(A)、乙醇用量(B)、提取时间(C)和提取次数(D)4个因素对夏天无提取工艺的影响。结果表明,优化的夏天无提取工艺为A₃B₁C₃D₃,即取夏天无药材粉碎成粗颗粒,以90%乙醇加热回流提取3次,每次加6倍量乙醇,第一次提取2 h,第二次提取1 h,第三次提取1 h。     

板蓝大青叶有效成分提取和精制工艺研究

目的:总结板蓝大青叶有效成分提取和精制工艺。方法:分析板蓝大青叶有效成分提取和精制工艺,总结最佳制备参数和方法。结果:乙醇渗漉工艺在60目药材粒度、40ml/min的渗漉速度、75%的乙醇体积分数下综合得率为0.049%。壳聚糖除杂工艺较适合工业化生产。结论:在板蓝大青叶有效成分提取和精制工艺方面,乙醇渗漉工艺和壳聚糖具有较好的效果,可深入研究应用。     

咸草总黄酮提取工艺的比较研究

通过超声波法与乙醇回流法分别提取咸草总黄酮,两者均采用L₉(3⁴)正交实验方法,并运用SPSS11.5软件统计分析。结果如下:超声波法的最佳提取条件为超声波功率400W、乙醇浓度60%、料液比1:60、超声波作用时间10min,样品总黄酮含量为1.558%;乙醇回流法的最优条件为水浴温度90℃、乙醇浓度60%、料液比1:60、回流时间1.5h,总黄酮含量2.011%。两种方法比较:乙醇回流法提取总黄酮含量较高,而超声波法更节省时间。     

苦瓜皂苷提取工艺研究

采用正交设计研究回流法苦瓜皂苷的提取工艺。考察提取温度、乙醇浓度、固液比和提取时间等因素在不同水平下对苦瓜皂苷提取率的影响,并对结果进行方差分析和显著性检验。结果显示乙醇提取法最佳工艺组合为A3B1C2D3,即70％乙醇,固液比为1：15,100℃回流提取1．5h,重复提取3次。     

提取纯化大黄素的工艺研究

目的:为虎杖中大黄素的提取纯化工艺提供实验依据。方法:以乙醇浓度、乙醇用量、提取时间、提取次数等条件为因素,分别设计了三个水平,对大黄素的提取工艺进行正交试验。结果:大黄素的最佳提取工艺为虎杖药材加85%的乙醇回流提取3次,每次8倍量的溶剂提取1.5 h。结论:应用该提取工艺得到的大黄素的质量分数不低于10%     

变色疣柄牛肝菌子实体水溶性粗多糖的提取方法

试验就变色疣柄牛肝菌多糖的提取方法进行了初浅探索,结果表明变色疣柄牛肝菌干燥子实体萃取粗多糖较佳的条件为:粒度以粉碎60目筛、提取剂为蒸馏水、选择菌盖、选择料水比为1∶35(W/V)、沉淀剂达到85%的乙醇浓度、萃取温度选择在80℃、萃取时间为3 h、提取2次可得到粗多糖3%~5%。正交试验表明影响变色疣柄牛肝菌多糖得率的主次因素为乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料水比,各因素的最佳配合、最优工艺为A3B2C1D3,即乙醇浓度为85%、温度80℃、时间3 h、料水比为1∶15,在此条件下多糖得率为5.008%,提取粗多糖含量在47.995%。     

An efficient method for the extraction of astaxanthin from the red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous

This study investigated an efficient method for the extraction of astaxanthin from the red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. The extraction process comprised three steps: (1) cultivating the yeast; (2) treating the yeast culture suspension with microwaves to destroy the cell walls and microbodies; and (3) drying the yeast and extracting the astaxanthin pigment using ethanol, methanol, acetone, or a mixture of the three as the extraction solvent. Ultimately, various treatment tests were performed to determine the conditions for optimal pigment extraction, and the total carotenoid and astaxanthin contents were quantified. A frequency of 2,450 MHz, an output of 500 watts, and irradiation time of 60 s were the most optimum conditions for yeast cell wall destruction. Furthermore, optimal pigment extraction occurred when using a cell density of 10 g/l at 30 C over 24 h, with a 10% volume of ethanol.     

MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION FOR SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF POLYPHENOLS FROM RED GRAPES USING BOX–BEHNKEN DESIGN

The objective of the present study is to find out the optimum extraction conditions for extraction of polyphenols from red grapes using Box–Behnken design. Red grapes polyphenols were extracted using acid–ethanol solvent at various extraction temperature (40–60°C), extraction time (20–100 min) and different solid–liquid ratio (1:5–1:15 g:ml). The effect (main and interactive) of extraction conditions on total anthocyanin, phenolic and flavonoid content were studied using Box–Behnken design (three factors at three levels). The results showed that the contribution of the quadratic model was significant for all the responses. Second-order mathematical regression models were developed and were found to fit well with observed data. Derringer's desirability function methodology was performed to find out the optimal conditions based on both individual and combinations of all responses (extraction temperature: 57°C, time: 61 min, and solid–liquid ratio: 1:8.7 g:ml) were established. At this optimal condition, the anthocyanin yield, total phenolic and flavonoid content were 73.92 mg/100 g, 221.4 mg GAE/100 g, and 79.08 mg CE/100 g, respectively. A desirability value of 0.902 was achieved at this point.     

紫山药色素的提取工艺及抗氧化性能研究

研究紫山药色素的最佳提取工艺及其抗氧化性能。在单因素试验的基础上,采用L9(34)正交试验法,以pH示差法测定花色苷得率为考察指标,优化了溶剂提取法提取紫山药色素的工艺参数。通过DPPH体系测定该色素清除自由基能力。试验结果表明:紫山药色素属于花色苷类物质,优化的紫山药色素提取条件为:提取温度60℃,提取时间80 min,料液比1∶30,提取溶剂为0.5%盐酸乙醇溶液,提取液花色苷含量可达2.075mg/鲜紫山药g。紫山药色素提取液清除DPPH自由基的IC50为98.14μg/mL。紫山药具有开发功能性色素的潜力。     

Production of red pigment by submerged culture of Paecilomyces sinclairii

AIMS: From a survey of submerged culture of edible mushrooms, a high pigment-producing fungus Paecilomyces sinclairii was selected and its optimal culture conditions investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: The optimal culture conditions for pigment production were as follows: inoculum age, 3 d; temperature, 25 degrees C; initial pH, 6.0; carbon source, 1.5% (w/v) soluble starch; nitrogen source, 1.5% (w/v) meat peptone. Although addition of 10 mmol l(-1) CaCl2 to the culture medium slightly increased pigment production, most of the bio-elements examined had no notable or detrimental effect on pigment production. CONCLUSIONS: Under the optimal conditions obtained in the flask culture tested, a ninefold increase in pigment production (4.4 g l(-1)) was achieved using a 5(-l) batch fermenter. Paecilomyces sinclairii secreted water-soluble red pigment into the culture medium. The pigment colour was strongly dependent on the pH of the solution: red at pH 3-4, violet at pH 5-9 and pink at pH 10-12. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The high concentration of pigment (4.4 g l(-1)) produced by P. sinclairii demonstrates the possibility of commercial production of pigment by this strain, considering its relatively high production yield and light stability.     

五味子色素提取及稳定性研究

目的：研究五味子色素的提取工艺条件及色素稳定性。方法：在单因素实验基础上利用L9（3^4）正交试验确定最佳提取工艺;以吸光度值的变化为指标,研究色素稳定性。结果：最佳提取工艺为∶料液比1∶25,乙醇浓度45%,浸提温度70℃,浸提时间40min;五味子色素光稳定性较好;在酸性、弱碱性条件下稳定,当pH≥12时出现颜色变化;对糖、氯化钠有一定稳定性;抗坏血酸和Na2SO3对色素影响较小;苯甲酸钠和H2O2对色素影响显著;金属离子Ca2＋、Mg2＋、Na＋对色素无明显影响,Fe2＋、Cu2＋、Al3＋对色素影响显著。     

向日葵茎芯多糖的提取工艺优化及其体外抗肿瘤活性研究

研究了向日葵茎芯中主要活性物质多糖的提取工艺,并对此工艺进行了优化,选取的提取方法为水提醇沉法,以多糖含量作为指标,采用单因素试验研究了提取次数、原料颗粒的大小（目数）、料液比、提取时间、提取温度对向日葵茎芯多糖含量的影响。用苯酚-硫酸法测定提取液中多糖的含量,得出向日葵茎芯中多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为：提取次数2次,原料颗粒的大小（目数）60~80目,料液比（g·mL^-1）1：50,提取时间3.0 h,提取温度90℃,在最优提取条件下,多糖的提取得率为6.56%,多糖的含量为266.03 mg·g^-1。本文也对多糖的体外抗肿瘤活性进行了研究,结果表明向日葵茎芯多糖的体外抗肿瘤活性较弱。这些条件的确定为向日葵茎芯的深入研究奠定了基础。     

Ionic liquid based ultrasonic assisted extraction of isoflavones from Iris tectorum Maxim and subsequently separation and purification by high-speed counter-current chromatography

We developed an ionic liquid based ultrasonic assisted extraction (ILUAE) method for the extraction of the three isoflavones, namely tectoridin, iristectorin B and iristectorin A from Iris tectorum Maxim of the Iridaceae family. Three kinds of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids with different alkyl chain and anion were investigated. The results indicated that ionic liquids (ILs) showed remarkable effects on the extraction yield of isoflavones. In addition, the ILUAE, including several ultrasonic parameters, such as the concentration, extraction time and solvent to solid ratio have been optimized. Under these optimal conditions (e.g., with 30 min extraction time and the solvent to solid ratio of 30 ml/g), this approach gained the highest extraction yields of tectoridin (37.45 mg/g), iristectorin B (2.88 mg/g) and iristectorin A (5.28 mg/g). Meanwhile, tectoridin, iristectorin B and iristectorin A in the ILUAE extract were separated and purified successfully through the high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with a two-phase solvent system consisting of n-butanol-water (1:1, v/v). The additional advantage of this approach is that 60.21 mg tectoridin, 4.33 mg iristectorin B and 8.24 mg iristectorin A with more than 95.0% purities have been obtained from 400 mg ILUAE extract of I. tectorum within 5 h and one-step elution under the most optimized conditions (e.g., a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min, 900 rpm and the wavelengh of 280 nm). The obtained fractions were successfully analyzed by HPLC and identified by (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR.     

超声波法提取刺五加(Acanthopanax senticosus)中丁香甙的研究

通过均匀设计的试验方法,探计了用超声波法提取刺五加根茎中丁香甙的工艺条件确定的最佳工艺条件为：水为溶剂,溶剂用量8mL／g,超声提取200min,提取温度为室温。     

尖孢镰刀菌生产蒽醌色素的液体发酵条件研究

优化了尖孢镰刀菌液体发酵生产蒽醌类红色素的发酵条件。通过单因素实验和正交优化实验,确定最佳产色素发酵培养基为：可溶性淀粉30％,(NH4)2SO4 3％,MgSO4 0.3％,KH2PO4 4％,pH 6.0。产色素最适培养条件为：初始pH6.0,装液量20％,接种量10％,吐温-80添加量1％,温度28℃,摇床转速200r/min,发酵周期120h。此条件下,色素效价即可达到8.184U/ml,比优化前提高了1.8倍。国内首次对尖孢镰刀菌所产蒽醌色素进行研究,为其进一步应用奠定基础。     

黑豆皮中红色色素萃取工艺的响应面优化

利用逐因子试验和Box-Behnken试验对黑豆皮中红色色素萃取工艺进行了优化研究,获得了工艺优化的数学模型y=3.85+0.43x1+0.05x2-0.32x3-0.12x1x2+0.063x1x3+1.0E-0.02x2x3-0.58x12-0.49x22-0.34x32,分别对自变量求偏导得到优化工艺条件:x1=0.346,x2=0.006988,x3=-0.44,通过转换得到实际工艺条件,即萃取温度X1=83.46℃、萃取时间X2=30.07 m in、料液比X3=1:35.6(w/v)。在最优化条件下模型预测OD512为3.997,验证试验结果为3.85±0.01(n=3),试验证明,逐因子试验和Box-Behnken试验联用可以很好的应用于黑豆皮红色色素的萃取工艺中。