共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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V. N. Popov O. V. Antipina V. P. Pchelkin V. D. Tsydendambaev 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2017,64(2):156-161
Changes in fatty acid composition of chloroplast membrane lipids were investigated using tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Samsun) plants subjected to cold hardening for 6 days at 8°C. Under optimal growing temperature (22°C), the lipids of thylakoid membranes were characterized by elevated content of 16:3n-3 and 18:3n-3 fatty acids (FA). Compared to the lipids of chloroplast envelope membranes, the thylakoid lipids were less rich in the content of saturated, mono- and diunsaturated FA. The relative content of unsaturated FA in chloroplast membranes increased substantially during cold hardening, which was mainly due to the accumulation of 18:3n-3 FA. It is concluded that the observed changes in FA composition of chloroplast lipids during cold hardening adjust the fluidity of these membranes to the level sufficient for functioning of tobacco photosynthetic apparatus, which is a prerequisite for accumulation of assimilates and allows the hardened tobacco plants to survive under conditions of hypothermia. 相似文献
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Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multi-subunit endomembrane proton pump, plays an important role in plant growth and response to environmental stresses. In the present study, transgenic tobacco that overexpressed the V-ATPase c subunit gene from Iris lactea (IrlVHA-c) was used to determine the function of IrlVHA-c. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that IrlVHA-c expression was induced by salt stress in I. lactea roots and leaves. Subcellular localization of green fluorescent protein (GFP) as marker combined with FM4-64 staining showed that the IrlVHA-c-GFP was localized to the endosomal compartment in tobacco cells. Compared with the wild-type, the IrlVHA-c transgenic tobacco plants exhibited greater seed germination rates, root length, fresh weight, and higher relative water content (RWC) of leaves under salt stress. Furthermore, the IrlVHA-c transgenic tobacco leaves have lower stomatal densities and larger stomatal apertures than wild-type. Under salt stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the transgenic tobacco was significantly enhanced. Moreover, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the transgenic tobacco was significantly lower than that in wild-type plants under salt stress. Taken together, these results suggested that the IrlVHA-c plays an important role in salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco by influencing stomatal movement and physiological changes. 相似文献
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Elizabeth Chin Kris Godfrey MaryLou Polek Carolyn Slupsky 《Arthropod-Plant Interactions》2017,11(6):901-909
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) is a phloem-feeding insect that can host and transmit the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which is the putative causative agent of the economically important citrus disease, Huanglongbing (HLB). ACP are widespread in Florida, and are spreading in California; they are the primary mode of CLas transmission in citrus groves. To understand the effects of ACP feeding, different numbers of ACP [0 ACP (control), 5 ACP (low), 15–20 ACP (medium), and 25–30 ACP (high)] were allowed to feed on Citrus macrophylla greenhouse plants. After 7 days of feeding, leaves were collected and analyzed using 1H NMR. Metabolite concentrations from leaves of trees with ACP feeding had higher variability than control trees. Many metabolites were higher in concentration in the low ACP feeding group relative to control; however, leaves from trees with high ACP feeding had lower concentrations of many metabolites relative to control, including many amino acids such as phenylalanine, arginine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, and leucine. These results suggest ACP density-dependent changes in primary metabolism that can be measured by 1H NMR. The implications in plant defense are discussed. 相似文献
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A. Li X. Yu B. B. Cao L. X. Peng Y. Gao T. Feng H. Li Z. Y. Ren 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2017,53(12):1335-1342
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Long Zhang Elizabeth L. Rylott Neil C. Bruce Stuart E. Strand 《Plant molecular biology》2017,95(1-2):99-109
Key message
Expression of the bacterial nitroreductase gene, nfsI, in tobacco plastids conferred the ability to detoxify TNT.Abstract
The toxic pollutant 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is recalcitrant to degradation in the environment. Phytoremediation is a potentially low cost remediation technique that could be applied to soil contaminated with TNT; however, progress is hindered by the phytotoxicity of this compound. Previous studies have demonstrated that plants transformed with the bacterial nitroreductase gene, nfsI have increased ability to tolerate and detoxify TNT. It has been proposed that plants engineered to express nfsI could be used to remediate TNT on military ranges, but this could require steps to mitigate transgene flow to wild populations. To address this, we have developed nfsI transplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to reduce pollen-borne transgene flow. Here we have shown that when grown on solid or liquid media, the transplastomic tobacco expressing nfsI were significantly more tolerant to TNT, produced increased biomass and removed more TNT from the media than untransformed plants. Additionally, transplastomic plants expressing nfsI regenerated with high efficiency when grown on medium containing TNT, suggesting that nfsI and TNT could together be used to provide a selectable screen for plastid transformation.8.
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T. O. Yastreb Yu. V. Karpets Yu. E. Kolupaev A. P. Dmitriev 《Cytology and Genetics》2017,51(2):134-141
The effects of treatment with nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.5 mM) on salt tolerance of wild type (Col–0) Arabidopsis thaliana plants and Arabidopsis thaliana plants transformed with the bacterial salicylate hydroxylase gene (NahG) were compared. Basic salt tolerance level (200 mM NaCl) was higher in NahG transformants. Under salt stress conditions, these plants showed higher activity levels for antioxidant enzymes as well as higher content of sugars and anthocyanins. The treatment with NO donor induced salt tolerance in the plants of both genotypes, which could be observed as less strong growth inhibition, reduced oxidative damage, and preservation of chlorophyll pool in leaves. After the exposure to salt stress, the activity of both superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase was higher in SNP-treated wild type plants and NahG transformants than in the nontreated plants. After the imposition of salt stress, proline content in leaves of the wild type plants treated with the nitric oxide donor was lower than in the leaves of the nontreated plants. In contrast, SNP treatment of NahG transformants led to a significant increase in the proline content in leaves under the salt stress conditions. Conclusions have been made that wild type Col-0 plants and NahG transformants differ in how their systems of protection against salt stress are activated and that nitric oxideinduced mobilization of protection systems in A. thaliana may not require the presence of salicylate. 相似文献
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Edward Alexander Espinoza-Sánchez Jorge Ariel Torres-Castillo Quintín Rascón-Cruz Francisco Zavala-García Sugey Ramona Sinagawa-García 《Plant biotechnology reports》2016,10(2):61-73
The high capacity of the chloroplast genome to integrate and express transgenes at high levels makes transplastomic technology a good option for overexpressing proteins of interest. This report presents the stable expression of β-glucosidase (bgl1 gene) from Aspergillus niger and two cellulases (celA and celB genes) from Thermotoga neapolitana into the chloroplast genome of tobacco. The pES6, pHM4, pHM5 and pHM6 vectors were derived from the pES4 plasmid containing bgl1, celA-celB, celA and celB synthetic genes, respectively. All of the genes were flanked by a synthetic rrn16 promoter and the 3′UTR from rbcL gene. The integration of the genes into intergenic regions rrn16 and 3′rps12 of the inverted repeats was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Stable expression and processing of monocistronic mRNA were confirmed by Northern blot analysis, and protein functionality was analysed via enzymatic activity assay. The recombinant enzymes exhibited high enzymatic activity at pH 5 (β-glucosidase: 30.45 U mg?1 of TSP, celA-celB 58 U mg?1 of TSP, celA 49.10 U mg?1 of TSP and celB 48.72 U mg?1 of TSP). In addition, β-glucosidase exhibited high activity at 40 °C, whereas cellulases type A (celA) and type B (celB) showed high activity at 65 °C. NtpES6, NtpHM5 and NtpHM6 plants showed a similar phenotype compared with the wild type plants; however, NtpHM4 plants presented an abnormal phenotype with variegated leaves. This study, demonstrated that hydrolytic genes such as bgl1, celA and celB could be integrated and expressed correctly in the chloroplast genome. This work provides new information on methods and strategies for the expression of hydrolytic enzymes that are potentially useful for biotechnological applications using transplastomic plants. 相似文献
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LrgA and LrgB genes have been identified as new components in regulation of programmed cell death (PCD) in bacteria. While in Arabidopsis, it has been documented that AtLrgB plays a crucial role in chloroplast development and photorespiration by acting as a glycolate/glycerate translocator (PLGG1) in the chloroplast inner membrane. However, little is known about LrgB homologs in other plant species, especially those with fleshy fruits. In this study, a homologous gene of AtLrgB, here designated SlLrgB, was identified in tomato. Similar to AtLrgB, structure analysis suggests that the LrgA and LrgB genes have evolved into two domains of the SlLrgB protein. Expression pattern analysis showed that SlLrgB accumulated mainly in green tissues and could be regulated by light, hormone, and abiotic stress treatments. Compared to wild-type plants, parts of SlLrgB overexpression plants displayed etiolated leaves and a growth retardation phenotype, with significantly reduced chlorophyll content both in leaves and fruits. The qPCR results revealed that the SGR gene, which was associated with chlorophyll degradation, was severely repressed. Two key genes in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway, CAO and POR, were also suppressed in the SlLrgB overexpression plants. Taken together, we suggest that SlLrgB may play important roles in the regulation of chlorophyll metabolism pathways in tomato. 相似文献
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Transplastomic tobacco plants expressing a fatty acid desaturase gene exhibit altered fatty acid profiles and improved cold tolerance 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Craig W Lenzi P Scotti N De Palma M Saggese P Carbone V McGrath Curran N Magee AM Medgyesy P Kavanagh TA Dix PJ Grillo S Cardi T 《Transgenic research》2008,17(5):769-782
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V. H. Beloti F. Santos G. R. Alves J. M. S. Bento P. T. Yamamoto 《Arthropod-Plant Interactions》2017,11(5):709-716
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama has a host range of about 20 species of the family Rutaceae, including Citrus spp. However, few studies have reported on its host preference. This study evaluated the host-choice behavior of ACP in curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L.), through free-choice test and bioassays with a type ‘Y’ olfactometer, and also characterized the volatiles involved in attracting the ACP. In the free-choice test, the number of adults per plant on curry leaf was higher than the number on citrus plants. When the ACP was tested in the olfactometer, the females showed preference for curry leaf over citrus plants. Sixteen volatile compounds were identified in citrus and curry leaves. Qualitative and quantitative differences in the compounds released by citrus and curry leaves were determined. The volatiles present in these hosts may play an important role in the attraction of D. citri. With this information, further studies should be done to develop new management strategies for the ACP. 相似文献
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Sha Luo Tao Luo Peng Peng Yanping Li Xiaogang Li 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2016,127(3):729-737
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium (Ca2+), two crucial intracellular signaling molecules, have been reported to play important roles in chlorophyll biosynthesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether disturbance of chlorophyll synthesis affects chloroplast ROS and Ca2+ homeostases. Chlorophyll biosynthesis was inhibited at the Mg branch by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CHLI gene encoding the Mg chelatase CHLI subunit in pea (Pisum sativum). Subsequently, ROS and intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in these chlorophyll-deficient pea plants were evaluated by histochemical and fluorescent staining assays. The results showed that the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide were predominantly generated in chloroplasts of the yellow leaves of pea VIGS-CHLI plants. The expression of genes encoding chloroplast antioxidant enzymes (CuZn-superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, phospholipid glutathione peroxidase, peroxiredoxin and thioredoxins) were also decreased in the leaves of VIGS-CHLI plants compared with the control plants. Additionally, the [Ca2+]i were significantly reduced in the yellow leaves of VIGS-CHLI plants compared with the green leaves of VIGS-GFP control plants. The expression of genes encoding Ca2+ signaling related proteins (thylakoid Ca2+ transporter, calmodulins and calcineurin B-like protein) was down-regulated in yellow VIGS-CHLI leaves. These results indicate that inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis at the Mg branch by silencing CHLI affects chloroplast ROS homeostasis and Ca2+ signaling and down-regulates the expression of ROS scavenging genes and Ca2+ signaling related genes. 相似文献
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Yanyan Jia Jingling Liu Zhenqing Bai Kai Ding Hongyan Li Zongsuo Liang 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2018,40(7):133
As one of the most important phytohormones, the abscisic acid (ABA) is often used to breed stress-tolerant crop lines with both higher yields and active ingredient contents. In higher plants, the 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) has been found to be a regulatory enzyme involved in ABA biosynthesis. In research, the novel gene SmNCED3 was isolated from S. miltiorrhiza. The open reading frame of SmNCED3 was 1725-bp, and it was encoding 574 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 63,822 kDa, which was verified by the expression of SmNCED3 in E. coli. The deduced SmNCED3 amino acid sequence had high sequence homology with NCED sequences from other plants and contained a putative chloroplast transit targeting signal peptide at its N terminus. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that SmNCED3 had a closer affinity to NCED3 in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtNCED3). The 1732-bp 5′ flanking sequence of SmNCED3 was also cloned. It contained several phytohormone response elements, biotic or abiotic stress-related elements, and plant development-related elements. Real-time PCR revealed that SmNCED3 was highly expressed in leaves, and was strongly induced by exogenous ABA. A subcellular localization experiment indicated that SmNCED3 was located in chloroplast stroma, chloroplast membranes, and thylakoid membranes. The overexpression of SmNCED3 promoted ABA accumulation. These results indicated that SmNCED3 might be a rate-limiting gene regulating ABA biosynthesis, and improving abiotic stresses tolerance and active ingredient contents in plants. 相似文献
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Many RNA recognition motif (RRM)-containing proteins are known to exist in chloroplasts. Major members of the RRM protein family, which are chloroplast ribonucleoproteins (cpRNPs), have been investigated in seed plants, including tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana, but never in early land plants, such as bryophytes. In this study, we surveyed RRM proteins encoded in the moss Physcomitrella patens genome and predicted 25 putative chloroplast RRM proteins. Among them, two RRM-containing proteins, PpRBP2a and PpRBP2b, resembled cpRNPs and were thus referred to as cpRNP-like proteins. However, knockout mutants of either one or two PpRBP2 genes exhibited a wild type-like phenotype. Unlike Arabidopsis cpRNPs, the levels of mRNA accumulation in chloroplasts were not affected in the PpRBP2 knockout mutants. In addition, the efficiency of RNA editing was also not altered in the mutants. This suggests that PpRBP2a and 2b may be functionally distinct from Arabidopsis cpRNPs. 相似文献