我国淡水鱼首次发现的体外寄生复殖吸虫——微黄鳞居吸虫(鳞居科,新科)新属新种

复殖吸虫是体内寄生的扁形动物,很多寄生虫学者常把体内寄生作为区分复殖吸虫目与单殖吸虫目的特征之一。但在复殖吸虫目中,亦有少数例外营体外寄生的。目前世界上发现的体外寄生复殖吸虫有三个科(Yamaguti,1971):横形科(Transversotrematidae Yamaguti,1954)、连肠科(Syncoeliidae Odhner,1929)和囊双科(Didymozoidae Poche,1907)。除囊双科外,余二科仅包括少数种类。囊双科和连肠科吸虫主要寄生在海水鱼类的鳃部     

太湖鱼类的寄生蠕虫:复殖吸虫.——Ⅰ.发状科,叶形属,及四新种的描述

一、引言 1956年夏,我们在太湖震泽县一带,进行淡水鱼类寄生蠕虫的调查。到目前为止,巳检查了鱼类24种,约400余条。这项工作现在还在继续进行,本文所报道的仅为发状科(Gorgoderidae),叶形属(Phyllodistomum)的复殖吸虫,其余的结果,以后将陆续整理发表。     

广东滩涂经济鱼类寄生吸虫──Ⅳ．独睾科─新属─新种记述（复殖目）

本文对广东滩涂经济鱼类寄生复殖吸虫独睾科ＭｏｎｏｒｃｈｉｉｄａｅＯｄｈｎｅｒ,１９１１中一新属新种;椭囊吸虫属。Ｅｌｌｉｐｔｏｂｕｒｓａｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．、单睾椭囊吸虫Ｅｌｌｉｐｔｏｂｕｒｓａｓｉｎｇｌｏｒｃｈｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．进行了记述。     

四川鱼类的一些复殖吸虫及一新种描述（吸虫纲：复殖目）

本文描述了异肉科吸虫一新种,即犍为异肉吸虫,新种Ａｌｌｏｃｒｅａｄｉｕｍｑｉａｎｗｅｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,同时报道了采自四川省鱼类的３４种复殖吸虫。     

广东滩涂经济鱼类寄生吸虫：Ⅲ.单孔科,单脏科科八睾科吸虫的研究（复殖目）

本文对广东滩涂经济鱼类寄生复殖吸虫中的单孔科ＨａｐｌｏｐｏｒｉｄａｅＮｉｃｏｌｌ,１９１４,单脏科ＨａｌｏｓｐｌａｎｃｈｎｉｄａｅＰｏｃｈｅ,１９２６和八睾科ＯｃｔｏｔｅｓｔｉｄａｅＹａｍａｇｕｔｉ,１９７１吸虫进行研究,其中长尾亚科Ｅｌｏｇｎｉｎｕｒｉｎａｅ和鲻长尾吸虫Ｅｌｏｎｇｉｎｕｒｕｓｍｕｕｎｇｉｌｕｓ分别作为单孔科的新亚科和新属新种;雄囊新单脏吸虫Ｎｅｏｈａｐｌｏｓｐｌａｎｃｈｎｕｓｃｉ     

尖吻鲈寄生拟合片虫属一新种描述(单殖吸虫纲,鳞盘虫科)

描述了采自广东省阳江市海水网箱养殖尖吻鲈鳃上寄生的单殖吸虫鳞盘虫科Diplectanidae Bychowsky,1957、拟合片虫属Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti,1958中的1新种,文中量度μm,模式标本保存于中山大学华南寄生生物研究中心.     

多盘科单殖吸虫三新种

多盘科单殖吸虫寄生于两栖、爬虫、哺乳类动物。在我国,过去仅见有李洛英(1936)、Fukui et Ogata(1936)等报道过。笔者在进行华东地区两栖类寄生虫研究的过程中,新近又发现了多盘科的三个新种,现作如下记述。虫体、器官的测量依永久封片标本进行。全模标本保存于华东师范大学生物系寄生动物研究室。     

吉林省蛙类几种吸虫包括一新种记述(吸虫纲:发状科)

本文报道了吉林省寄生于蛙类的四种复殖吸虫,其中一新种定名为:敦化发状吸虫Gorgodera(Mediodera)dunhua sp.nov.,并记录了蛙肺嗜血吸虫Pneumoneces sibiricus japonicus(Yamaguti,1936)、幼稚涅泥吸虫Loxogenes liberum Seno,1908及日本重盘吸虫Diplodiscus iaponicus(Yamaguti,1936)及其国内新宿主——金线蛙Rana plancyi。     

广东滩涂经济鱼类寄生吸虫──Ⅲ、单孔科、单脏科和八睾科吸虫的研究(复殖目)

本文对广东滩涂经济鱼类寄生复殖吸虫中的单孔科ＨａｐｌｏｐｏｒｉｄａｅＮｉｃｏｌｌ,１９１４,单胜科ＨａｐｌｏｓｐｌａｎｃｈｎｉｄａｅＰｏｃｈｅ,１９２６和八睾科ＯｃｔｏｔｅｓｔｉｄａｅＹａｍａｇｕｔｉ,１９７１吸虫进行研究,其中长尾亚科Ｅｌｏｎａｉｎｕｒｉｎａｅ和鲻长尾吸虫Ｅｌｏｎｇｉｎｕｒｕｓｍｕｕｇｉｌｕｓ分别作为单孔科的新亚科和新属新种;雄囊新单脏吸虫Ｎｅｏｈａｐｌｏｓｐｌａｎｃｈｎｕｓｃｉｒｒｕｓａｃｉ作为单脏科的新属新种;天竺鲷八睾吸虫Ｏｃｔｏｔｅｓｔｉｓａｐｏｇｏｎｉ作为八睾科、八睾吸虫属Ｏｃｔｏｔｅｓｔｉｓ（Ｗａｎｇ,１９６３）Ｙａｍａｇｕｔｉ,１９５１的新种。     

四川鱼类寄生吸虫Ⅱ.尾孔科、孔肠科和鳞肉科一新属四新种(吸虫纲:复殖目)

本文描述了采自四川鱼类肠道的复殖吸虫一新属四新种,它们是:1.(鱼兆)尾孔吸虫,新种Urotrema glyptothoraci sp.nov.,2.裂腹鱼斜孔吸虫,新种Plagioporus(Plagioporus)schizothoraci sp.nov.,3.异巢斜孔吸虫,新种Plagioporus(Plagioporus)allovaris sp.nov.,4.类宫殖属,新属Hysterogonoidet gen.nov.及模式种——双囊类宫殖吸虫,新种Hysterogonoldes disaccus sp.nov.。这些新属新种分别隶于尾孔科Urotrematidae、孔肠科Opecoelidae和鳞肉科Lepocreadiidae。     

A new species of haploporid (Digenea) from the South China Sea

Megasolena dongzhaiensis n. sp. was collected from the intestine of Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) (Perciformes: Scatophagidae) from the Dongzhai Bay (110 degrees 32'-37'E, 19 degrees 51'-20 degrees 1'N), Hainan Province, China. It resembles Megasolena acanthuri Machida and Uchida, 1991 in having larger body size, but it differs from the latter species in having an oral sucker that is larger, instead of smaller, than the acetabulum (sucker length ratio 1:0.456-0.494, and width ratio 1:0.61-0.65 in M. dongzhaiensis n. sp., as opposed to 1:1.3-1.7 in M. acanthuri). Moreover, the cuticle is spinose rather than aspinose; there is a band of circular muscle in the pharynx, and its eggs are smaller instead of larger (0.062-0.068 x 0.036-0.039 in M. dongzhaiensis n. sp., compared with 0.087-0.103 x 0.058-0.072 in M. acanthuri). Finally, the intestinal bifurcation is anterior, instead of dorsal, to the acetabulum. It resembles other species of Megasolena Linton, 1910 in having oral sucker larger than the acetabulum, and in having a circular muscle band in the oral sucker and pharynx, but it differs in having a larger body and smaller eggs. This is the first record of a Megasolena species from ray-finned fishes as well as in China.     

A new species of Allocreadium (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae) from freshwater fishes in the Danjiangkou Reservoir in China

A new species of Allocreadium, Allocreadium danjiangensis n. sp., is described from the intestine of several species of freshwater fish, including Abbottina rivularis (Basilewsky, 1855), Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis nigripinns (Güther, 1873), Gnathopogon argentatus (Sauvage et Dabry 1874), Opsariichthys uncirostris bidens (Gunther, 1873), and Erythroculter mongolicus mongolicus (Basilewsky, 1855) (Cyprinidae) from the Danjiangkou Reservoir in central China. The main morphological characters of the new species are as follows: vitelline follicles numerous, extending from the level of acetabulum to posterior extremity, distributed over both sides around the ceca; cirrus sac relatively large, developed, lying obliquely anterior to the acetabulum, extending from the level of the intestinal bifurcation to the central level of acetabulum, and overlapping left or right cecal; and ovary much smaller than testes, generally close to or even overlapping the anterior border of anterior testis. Observation by scanning electron microscopy shows only 2 kinds of tegumental formations, i.e., papillae and tubercles, instead of 3 types of tegumental formations, i.e., papillae, bosses, and minute sensor receptors observed on other species of the Allocreadiidae. The tegumental striations of the present species vary on the different parts of the body. In addition, a new structure, identified as the "groove" with a tonguelike tubercle, was observed on the inner wall of acetabulum.     

New genera and species of paramphistomes (Digenea: Paramphistomoidea: Cladorchiidae) parasitic in fishes from the Amazon basin in Peru

Two new genera and three new species of paramphistomoid digeneans are described in the family Cladorchiidae Fischoeder, 1901 from doradid, heptapterid, pimelodid and pseudopimelodid fishes in the Amazon River in Peru. Goeldamphistomum amazonum n. g., n. sp. (type-species) from Goeldiella eques (Müller & Troschel) (type-host) and Tenellus trimaculatus (Boulenger), and Goeldamphistomum peruanum n. g., n. sp. from Duopalatinus peruanus Eigenmann & Allen (type-host), Calophysus macropterus (Lichtenstein) and Microglanis sp. are placed in the Dadayiinae Fukui, 1929. Both species have an accessory acetabular sucker, which distinguishes the genus from all taxa previously reported from South American freshwater fishes. They differ from each other primarily in that G. amazonum has a prebifurcal genital pore and oblique, separated testes, the levels of which rarely overlap longitudinally, whereas G. peruanum has a postbifurcal genital pore and testes directly to obliquely tandem. Iquitostrema papillatum n. g., n. sp. (Kalitrematinae Travassos, 1933) from the intestine of Hassar orestis (Steindachner) differs from other members of the subfamily in the combination of a massive acetabulum with a papillate luminal surface and symmetrical testes which overlie the caeca close to the caecal arch. These are the first records of paramphistomes from the five host species studied here.     

单脏科吸虫二新种

鮻单脏吸虫,新种Haplosplanchnus lizae sp. nov. 和巨卵希氏单脏吸虫,新种Schikhobalotrema megaovus sp. nov. 检获于厦门集美附近海域棱鮻Liza carinatus肠道.鮻单脏吸虫,新种Haplosplanchnus lizae sp. nov与该属已知种的双腺单脏吸虫H. bivitellosus Zhukov,1971最为相似,它们都具有2列卵黄腺,但在卵黄腺的组成和虫卵大小方面存在明显差别;巨卵希氏单脏吸虫,新种Schikhobalotrema megaovus sp. nov. 与该属已知种的区别在于其虫卵0.130-0.12×0.096-0.120(0.133×0.108)特别大.       

Euryhelmis squamula (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Recovered from Korean Raccoon Dog,Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis,in Korea

In this study, we intended to describe an unrecorded species of heterophyid trematode recovered from the small intestine of a Korean raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, in Korea. A total of 13 small flukes were collected from a deceased Korean raccoon dog which was found in Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea in May 2017. The trematode body were covered with many small spines, rectangular, broader than long, 807–1,103 μm long and 1,270–1,550 μm wide. Oral sucker in the anterior end slightly smaller than acetabulum. Pharynx muscular and well developed. Esophagus relatively long and sigmoid. Acetabulum small and located at median in anterior 2/5 portion. Ceca bifurcated at the anterior of genital pore and acetabulum and terminated at testis level. Testes larger, deeply lobed and located at the near of posterior end of body. Ovary small, triangular and located at the slight left of median and the anterior of left testis. Vitelline follicles dendritic and extend from the middle level of esophagus to the posterior portion of body. Eggs embryonated, operculated, small and 33–35×15–16 μm in size. Based on the morphological characteristics, the small heterophyid flukes recovered from the small intestines of Korean raccoon dog, N. procyonoides koreensis, were identified as Euryhelmis squamula (Digenea: Heterophyidae). Accordingly, this species of heterophyid flukes is to be a new trematode fauna in Korea by this study.     

Life cycle and description of a new species of brachylaimid (Trematoda: Digenea) in Spain

The life cycle of Brachylaima llobregatensis n. sp. (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) is elucidated. Embryonated, operculated, asymmetric eggs (30.9 x 18.2 microm) are eliminated with feces of natural hosts wood mouse Mus spretus; white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula; and an experimental host, domestic mouse, Mus musculus var. domesticus. The eggs are ingested by the helicid gastropod Helix (Cornu) aspersa, the only natural and experimental first intermediate host. The miracidium hatches from the egg, infects the snails, and develops into a branched sporocyst in the digestive gland. Microcaudate cercariae emerge from this snail and develop into unencysted metacercariae in the kidney of second intermediate host snails H. (C.) aspersa and Otala punctata (natural hosts) and Theba pisana (experimental host). Ingestion of infected snails leads to the infection of definitive hosts, with the adults inhabiting the middle part of the small intestine. There is a chaetotaxic pattern specific on the acetabular (S(II) 5-6 papillae) and body (papillae absent on P(II)) levels. Three types of cercaria papillae were observed by scanning electron microscopy: argentophilic papillae with fingerlike processes (cephalic, body, and acetabular levels); argentophilic papillae with opening (2 papillae in the M body level); and nonargentophilic dome-shaped papillae (on the cephalic C(II) level, alternating with argentophilic S(II) papillae on the ventral sucker). Suckers are subequal, with the acetabulum located in the posterior part of the anterior third of body. Vitellaria extend from anterior margin of acetabulum to between middle level and anterior margin of anterior testis.     

Life cycle of Brachylaima mascomai n. sp. (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae), a parasite of rats in the Llobregat delta (Spain)

The terrestrial triheteroxenous life cycle of Brachylaima mascomai n. sp. (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) is elucidated. Operculated, assymetric, embryonated eggs (25.4 x 12.7 microm) are passed with feces of the natural (Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus) and experimental (albino and wild mice, albino rats, Apodemus sylvaticus, Mus spretus [Muridae] and the golden gerbil) definitive hosts and ingested by the helicid gastropod Pseudotachea splendida, the only natural and experimental first intermediate host. Microcaudate cercariae harbored in branched sporocysts in the digestive gland emerge from this snail and contact P. splendida, Otala punctata, Theba pisana, and Helix (C.) aspersa snails developing into unencysted infective metacercariae in the kidney. Definitive hosts are infected by ingestion of infected snails; the adult parasites inhabit the small intestine. Chaetotaxic cercarial pattern specific at acetabular (S(II) 8-10 papillae) and cephalic (C(III) 13-15 papillae, H 16 papillae) levels. Three types of cercarial papillae are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their arrangement is correlated with chaetotaxy for the first time in trematodes: argentophilic papillae with fingerlike process (cephalic, body, and acetabular levels), argentophilic papillae with opening (2 papillae in the M body level), and nonargentophilic dome-shaped papillae (alternated with argentophilic S(II) papillae on the ventral sucker). SEM detected interlacing network of ridges covering the metacercarial body. Adults with multidigitate tegumentary spines were observed by SEM. Subequal suckers; the acetabulum located in the posterior part of anterior fifth of body. Vitellaria extend from between middle level and anterior margin of anterior testis to between middle level and posterior margin of acetabulum. Uterus almost reaches the intestinal bifurcation.     

Studies on Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil from Leaves of Jiang-Zhang

Jiang-Zhang is a Physiological type of Cinnamomum porrectum (Roxb.) Kosterm. The essential oil of leaves of Jiang-Zhang can be extracted by steam distillation, with yields of 0.5–0.8%. It contained dtral (α-,β-citral) 64.11% and can be used in aromatic and medicinal industries. We used the methods of GC, IR, GC/MS/DS and prepared derivative and 47 chemical constituents were identified, as follows: α-thujene (0.06 %), α-pinene (2.42%), camphene (1.26%), sabinene (0.21%),β- pinene (1.38%) myrcene(0.38%), α-phellandrene (0.32%),△3-carene (0.01%), p-cymene(0.21%),α-limonene (1.57%), 1 8-cineole (0.82 % ), β-phellandrene (0.10 %), cis-linalool oxide(0.07 % ), linalool (8.43 % ) epicamphor(0.26 % ), camphor(1.10 %), borneol( 1.07 % ), β-citral (neral) (28.28 % ), geraniol (0.25%), nerol (0.47%), α-citral (geranial) (35.83%), methyl citronellate (0.12%), n-undecane (0.18), safrole (0.02), methyl geranate (0.23%), geranyl formate (0.09%), α-copaene (0.12%), trans-methyl cinnamate (0.02%), n-dodecane (0.20), β-elemene (0.12%), caryophyllene (4.67%), α-guaiene (0.04), β-guaiene (0.06%), β-selinene (0.97%), azulene (0.38%), β-cubebene (0.30%), n-pentadecane (0.05%), β-gurjunene (0.04 %), epi-β-santalene (0.46 %), aremophliene (0.05 % ), alloaromadendrene (0.03 % ), α-elemene (0.26%), trans-β-farnesene (0.04%), (z)-β-farnesene (0.30%), r-elemene (0.03%), β-bisaboiol(0.41%), cedrol (0.16%), respectively.     

窄口螺侧殖吸虫的发育史及早熟现象

1.本文描述从福州闽江泥滩采集的图氏窄口螺体中发现一新种侧殖吸虫,定名为窄口螺侧殖吸虫(Asymphylodora stenothyrae sp.nov.)并与其他相近虫种作详细比较。2.窄口螺侧殖吸虫的生活史各期发育经详细观察,本文简单介绍其各发育期形态特征。3.本文对窄口螺侧殖吸虫早熟现象及其他吸虫类的提早发育现象进行讨论,并将复殖吸虫亚纲曾经发现有提早发育现象的虫种及其中间宿主列表比较。我们的结论:早熟现象在吸虫类中是相当普遍的一种现象。       

Heritability estimates and genetic correlations for body weight and scrotal circumference adjusted to 12 and 18 months of age for male Nellore cattle

Heritability estimates and genetic correlations were obtained for body weight and scrotal circumference, adjusted, respectively, to 12 (BW12 and SC12) and 18 (BW18 and SC18) months of age, for 10 742 male Nellore cattle. The adjustments to SC12 and SC18 were made using a nonlinear logistic function, while BW12 and BW18 were obtained by linear adjustment. The contemporary groups (CGs) were defined from animals born on the same farm, in the same year and birth season. The mean heritability estimates obtained using the restricted maximum likelihood method in bi-trait analysis were 0.25, 0.25, 0.29 and 0.42 for BW12, BW18, SC12 and SC18, respectively. The genetic correlations were 0.30 ± 0.11, 0.21 ± 0.13, 0.21 ± 0.11, -0.08 ± 0.15, 0.16 ± 0.12 and 0.89 ± 0.04 between the traits BW12 and BW18; BW12 and SC12; BW12 and SC18; BW18 and SC12; BW18 and SC18; and SC12 and SC18. The heritability for SC18 was considerably greater than for SC12, suggesting that this should be included as a selection criterion. The genetic correlation between BW18 and SC12 was close to zero, indicating that these traits did not influence each other. The contrary occurred between SC12 and SC18, indicating that selection using one of these could alter the other. Because of the mean magnitudes of heritabilities in the various measurements of weight and scrotal perimeter, it is suggested that the practice of individual selection for these traits is possible.