取食雄蜂蛹粉对龟纹瓢虫和异色瓢虫卵黄发生的影响

本文比较了龟纹瓢虫Proylea japonica和异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis取食蚜虫和取食雄蜂蛹粉时的卵黄发生情况。当取食雄蜂蛹粉时,体内卵黄蛋白出现迟,积累速度慢,产卵前期长。但用保幼激素类似物ZR512点滴处理后则能达到与食蚜对照相当的水平。ZR512对取食雄蜂蛹粉瓢虫的作用显著大于取食岈虫者。进一步的研究表明,ZR512能促进这两种瓢虫取食雄蜂蛹粉,但对成虫的体重没有明显的影响。因此推论,雄蜂蛹粉基本能够满足这两种瓢虫生殖的营养需要,但对其内分泌有一定的影响,使瓢虫处于类似生殖滞育的状态。本文根据不同食物条件对卵黄蛋白发生的影响不同,建议用卵黄蛋白的量作为生理指标,以快速初步筛选和评估人工饲料。     

取食雄蜂蛹粉对龟纹瓢虫和异色瓢虫卵黄发生的影响

本文比较了龟纹瓢虫Proylea japonica和异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis取食蚜虫和取食雄蜂蛹粉时的卵黄发生情况.当取食雄蜂蛹粉时,体内卵黄蛋白出现迟,积累速度慢,产卵前期长.但用保幼激素类似物ZR512点滴处理后则能达到与食蚜对照相当的水平.ZR512对取食雄蜂蛹粉瓢虫的作用显著大于取食岈虫者.进一步的研究表明,ZR512能促进这两种瓢虫取食雄蜂蛹粉,但对成虫的体重没有明显的影响.因此推论,雄蜂蛹粉基本能够满足这两种瓢虫生殖的营养需要,但对其内分泌有一定的影响,使瓢虫处于类似生殖滞育的状态.本文根据不同食物条件对卵黄蛋白发生的影响不同,建议用卵黄蛋白的量作为生理指标,以快速初步筛选和评估人工饲料.     

越冬代七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫的飞翔能力

在室内用飞行磨吊飞技术测定了七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫越冬代自然种群的飞翔能力。个体间飞翔特性差异极大。36.5%的七星瓢虫和23.7%的异色瓢虫每次飞翔都不到30分钟, 而这两种瓢虫中都有累计飞翔20小时以上的个体。最长持续飞翔时间达8小时以上和12小时以上的个体在七星瓢虫中分别为9.4%和1.2%, 在异色瓢虫中分别为21.1%和13.2%。大于30分钟的飞翔累计时间为6小时以上和12小时以上的个体在七星瓢虫中分别为20.0%和7.1%, 异色瓢虫则达47.4%和28.9%。雌性个体在卵发育期间表现出很强的飞翔能力。吊飞124小时, 飞翔能力的最高纪录是, 七星瓢虫累计飞翔22小时27分, 飞翔距离94.464km;异色瓢虫为24小时, 92.550km;飞翔速度都达到2m/秒。     

异色瓢虫若虫的限域搜索行为

在Ｎａｋａｍｕｔａ装置中,通过对两种我照照条件下（强光照３６８０－４６２０ｌｘ,弱光照１３０－２２０ｌｘ）异色标虫若虫搜索麦蚜行为轨迹的研究,得出摄食麦蚜前后０－１５ｓ搜索行为轨这弯曲角度总和之间差异均显著,摄食后大于摄前;摄食麦蚜前后０－１５ｓ、１５－３０ｓ、３０－４５ｓ、４５－６０ｓ内的各对应停点间距离差异均显著,摄食前大于摄食后;其搜索速度,摄食前显著大于摄食后。     

异色瓢虫幼虫的食物搜索行为

本试验采用Nakamuta(1982)装置研究两种光照条件下异色瓢虫幼虫的食物搜索行为,结果表明：(1)摄食刺激均能激发搜索行为由广域型转换为地域集中型;(2)摄食时间越长,地域集中型搜索时间(GUT)值越大;(3)摄食的最后一个食饵大小决定GUT的长短;(4)光照对搜索行为有影响;(5)饥饿度对GUT的长短有一定影响。     

异色瓢虫开发利用研究进展

异色瓢虫是一种重要的天敌资源,在许多国家都已成功应用于实践。本文概述了异色瓢虫的形态特征、生活史、习性及其开发利用有关方面的研究进展,并对现存的问题进行了讨论。     

异色瓢虫成虫对麦二叉蚜的捕食作用模型

通过异色瓢虫雌,雄成虫对麦二叉蚜捕食作用研究,得出：1．异色瓢虫雌、雄成虫对麦二叉蚜捕食作用的功能反应均是HollingⅡ型反应;2．异色瓢虫捕食麦二叉蚜时,同等数量的异色瓢虫雌雄混合的干扰作用大于同一性别成虫间的干扰作用;3．异色瓢虫雌、雄成虫均喜好捕食低龄若蚜．     

异色瓢虫卵黄蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

【目的】为了能准确地追踪异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis (Pallas)卵黄原蛋白（vitellogenin, Vg）的合成、转运途径和吸收方式,以及卵黄蛋白（vitellin, Vn）在卵母细胞内的积累及分布情况,本研究对异色瓢虫的Vn进行了单克隆抗体（monoclonal antibody, McAb）的制备。【方法】以异色瓢虫Vn免疫BLAB/C小鼠,应用杂交瘤技术,经过3次亚克隆筛选,制备能稳定分泌抗Vn的单克隆抗体。【结果】实验获得4株能够稳定分泌抗异色瓢虫Vn的单克隆抗体,即5E2, 5E11, 1E9和5H8。其中1E9, 5E11和5E2亚型均为IgG1,5H8亚型为IgM。Western blot免疫印迹分析显示,4株单克隆抗体可以特异性地识别Vn,而与雄虫血淋巴无反应。其中,5E2和1E9可以与异色瓢虫抗原的4个亚基发生较强的免疫反应,结合腹水制备前上清效价检测结果最终选取5E2制备单克隆抗体。5E2单克隆抗体的效价为1∶81 000,SDS-PAGE分析显示5E2重链和轻链的分子量分别为50和27 kD。【结论】本实验成功制备出一株能够稳定分泌抗异色瓢虫Vn的单克隆抗体,为建立酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）方法测定其动态变化奠定了基础。     

温湿度对越冬异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyridis)存活的影响

为了明确温度和相对湿度对越冬异色瓢虫存活的影响,采用二次正交旋转组合设计,试验了秋冬季收 异色标中群在不同湿湿度组合下,以不同时间后的存活率和存活时间。结果表明,在试验条件下最佳温湿度组合为０℃,ＲＨ７５％,此条件下处理６个月 存活率仍达８０％以上,存活时间近９ｄ温度对异色瓢虫的存活影响最大,湿度次之,温湿度的交互作用最不重要,由试验结果建立了不同处理时间下最佳温湿度与存活率和存活时间之间关系的一     

甜菜夜蛾的饲养方法介绍

介绍一种甜菜夜蛾的室内饲养方法 ,采用本方法累代饲养甜菜夜蛾 8代 ,平均蛹重达 1 1 2 .9mg ,平均化蛹率 97% ,平均羽化率为 91 .3% ,室内饲养结果表明 ,该饲养方法可用于室内大量饲养甜菜夜蛾     

四种材料作为异色瓢虫产卵载体的适合性比较

比较了蚕豆苗叶片、甘蓝叶片、小油菜叶片和纸条作为人工扩繁异色瓢虫Harmoniaaxyridis(Pallas)时产卵载体的适合性。异色瓢虫对这 4种产卵载体有明显的选择性 ,多在蚕豆苗叶片和甘蓝叶片上产卵 ,纸条上次之 ,在小油菜叶片上产卵很少。在产卵载体对单雌产卵量影响方面 ,蚕豆苗叶片、甘蓝叶片和纸条 3者之间的差异不显著 ,且产于这 3种载体上的卵块在 ( 1 0± 1 )℃下冷藏的孵化率没有明显差异。由于纸条不会出现枯萎现象 ,易制成卵卡 ,所以可用作卵商品化时的产卵载体 ,而蚕豆苗叶片和甘蓝叶片可作为保留虫源或繁殖时的产卵载体。     

异色瓢虫的应用研究概况

从异色瓢虫Harmoniaaxyridis(Pallas)的生物学和生态学特性 ,包括色斑变化、生活史、繁殖、食性、捕食、越冬、贮存、人工饲养、田间动态以及在生物防治上的应用等方面概述了异色瓢虫的研究进展。并对异色瓢虫在农业生产特别是果园、菜地、温室花卉上的应用前景作了讨论 ,指出异色瓢虫是一种很有利用前景和产业化生产价值的天敌生物     

甜菜夜蛾群体繁殖及其对杀虫剂毒力敏感性测定

用黄豆粉、麦胚粉、酵母粉为主要营养成份研制成人工饲料,实现了甜菜夜蛾大量饲养及群体繁殖,与自然饲料相比,人工饲料饲养甜菜夜蛾幼虫存活与成虫产卵量明显增加,室内用浸渍法测定11种杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾2龄幼虫的毒力,结果表明,田间甜菜夜蛾种群对除尽,米满,菜喜最敏感,其次是对抑太保,卡死克,毒丝本,高效灭百可,快灵,对锐劲特,氯氰菊酯,乙酰甲胺磷的毒力均已高度不敏感。     

甜菜夜蛾幼虫饲养技术的改进

利用一次性塑料杯饲养甜菜夜蛾SpodopteraexiguaH櫣bner,一次性接入初孵幼虫,直至化蛹不再转移,也不再更换饲料。与已报道的方法相比,该方法操作简单,省工省时,可以提高工作效率。在各项饲养指标中,除平均蛹重略微偏低之外,其余指标均与已报道的数据基本一致。试验证明,采用该方法可以满足室内甜菜夜蛾的继代繁殖和批量饲养。     

Impact of fruit feeding on overwintering survival of the multicolored Asian lady beetle, and the ability of this insect and paper wasps to injure wine grape berries

The establishment of the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), in North America has resulted in negative impacts on fruit production. We investigated the overwintering survival of H. axyridis after feeding on four diets: injured wine grape berries, 25% sucrose solution, water, and a control containing no food or water. After being exposed to these diets for 6 days, live individuals were transferred to clean plastic Petri dishes, and held at 5 ± 1 °C in growth chambers throughout the winter. Survival was recorded every month. Adult lady beetles collected during the overwintering flight in mid-October had higher survival rates than beetles collected from soybean fields in mid-August. These results suggest that an adaptation period prior to diapause increases the chances of lady beetle survival over the winter. In addition, injured wine grape berries, sugar, and water decreased beetle mortality during the overwintering months. Our results also showed that under similar conditions, females have higher survival during the winter than males. The importance of sugar and water on winter survival may drive H. axyridis adults to vineyards for feeding on wine grapes. Finally, we tested if adults of H. axyridis and the European paper wasp, Polistes dominulus Christ (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), were able to break the grape skin. Harmonia axyridis adults and paper wasps were not able to cause the primary injury to berries of Frontenac grapes under laboratory conditions. These results suggest that control of paper wasps in vineyards may not affect H. axyridis aggregations, and that H. axyridis feeding on wine grapes depends on previous injury to grape berries.     

Honeydew volatile emission acts as a kairomonal message for the Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Abstract The Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas is considered as an invasive species in most territories where it has been introduced. Because aphid honeydew acts as an attractant for many aphid predators and parasitoids, the objectives of this work were to collect and identify the volatile compounds released from the aphid excretory product to evaluate how these semiochemicals could affect the H. axyridis foraging behavior. Twelve volatile chemicals were identified from the Megoura viciae Buckton honeydew including four alcohols, three ketones, three aldehydes, a pyrazine and a monoterpene. The volatiles 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol and 3‐methyl‐butanal were highlighted as the two most abundant semiochemicals released from the M. viciae honeydew. Vicia faba L. plants treated with crude honeydew attracted more than 80% of the tested individuals with 40% of attracted beetles located on the plant. Four volatile compounds (3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, 3‐methyl‐butanal, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol and limonene) were also highlighted to attract more than 75% of the coccinellids toward the odor source and to locate about 35% of them on the plants. Limonene was the most efficient attractant since 89% of the H. axyridis responded to this odor. The use of the identified semiochemicals as well as the composition of an artificial honeydew could certainly be helpful to control the dispersal of the Asian lady beetle H. axyridis.     

甜菜夜蛾抗药性研究现状

就有关甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hbner)对常用杀虫剂的抗药性现状作综述。甜菜夜蛾对拟除虫菊酯类、有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂已产生了较高水平的抗药性,其中山东泰安抗性种群对氯氟氰菊酯的抗性高达2445.5倍;对多杀菌素等生物杀虫剂产生了中低水平的抗性;对昆虫生长调节剂如虫酰肼的敏感性也有所降低,但昆虫生长调节剂依然是比较理想的防治药剂。对交互抗性及抗性治理也作了阐述。     

寄主植物对甜菜夜蛾三龄幼虫抗寒力的影响

寄主植物是影响昆虫抗寒性的主要因子之一。研究了不同温度下甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)3龄幼虫取食小白菜、甘蓝、葱和菠菜后,对过冷却能力和体内冷冻保护剂的影响。结果表明,寄主植物对甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫的过冷却能力有显著性影响,其中以取食甘蓝的幼虫过冷却点最低。温度和寄主植物对其过冷却点、结冰点和虫体含水量有明显的交互作用。寄主植物对其体内的海藻糖含量有显著性影响,而对甘油和糖原含量没有显著性影响。温度和寄主植物仅对海藻糖含量有显著的交互作用。随着温度的升高,取食不同寄主的幼虫体内海藻糖和糖原含量的变化趋势完全相反,认为海藻糖是由糖原转化而来。研究结果提示冬季合适的寄主植物有利于甜菜夜蛾低龄幼虫越冬。     

Landscape composition influences patterns of native and exotic lady beetle abundance

Aim Coccinellid beetles are important predators that contribute to pest suppression in agricultural landscapes. Since the introduction of the exotic coccinellids Coccinella septempunctata L. and Harmonia axyridis Pallas into the USA, several studies have reported a decline of native Coccinellidae in agroecosystems. We aimed to investigate the influence of landscape composition on native and exotic coccinellid abundance within soybean fields. Location Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Methods As part of a 2‐year study (2005–06) on the biological control of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, we examined coccinellid communities in 33 soybean fields using yellow sticky card traps. Landscape heterogeneity and composition were measured at multiple spatial scales ranging 1–3.5 km from focal soybean fields where coccinellid sampling took place. Results Exotic species made up 90% of the total coccinellid community in Michigan soybean fields followed by Wisconsin (84%), Minnesota (66%) and Iowa (57%). Harmonia axyridis was the dominant exotic coccinellid in all states comprising 45–62% of the total coccinellid community, followed by C. septempunctata (13–30%). Two additional exotic species, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.) were also found in the region. Overall, the most abundant native coccinellid was Hippodamia convergens Guerin‐Meneville; however, its abundance varied across the region, comprising 0% (Michigan) to 28% (Iowa) of the total coccinellid community. Landscape structure significantly influenced the composition of coccinellid communities in soybean agroecosystems. We found that native coccinellids were most abundant in low‐diversity landscapes with an abundance of grassland habitat while exotic coccinellids were associated with the abundance of forested habitats. Main conclusion We propose that grassland dominated landscapes with low structural diversity and low amounts of forested habitat may be resistant to exotic coccinellid build‐up, particularly H. axyridis and therefore represent landscape‐scale refuges for native coccinellid biodiversity.