正常孕产妇血浆胃动素浓度变化

本文测定了１８０例正常孕产妇血浆胃动素浓度,并与２０例正常育龄妇女进行比较。结果表明：早期妊娠妇女血浆胃动素浓度（３８４．４０±１１０．３０ｎｇ／Ｌ）,比正常育龄妇女稍高（３６６．１２±９６．２３ｎｇ／Ｌ）Ｐ＞０．０５;中期妊娠者（３２３．９６±１２５．１０ｎｇ／Ｌ）比早孕者低Ｐ＜０．０５;晚期孕妇胃动素浓度（１２１．０４±２７．００ｎｇ／Ｌ）明显低于中孕者Ｐ＜０．０１;产妇血浆胃动素（４４３．０５±１４０．７９ｎｇ／Ｌ）迅速上升并高于正常育龄妇女Ｐ＜０．０５。为晚期妊娠者的３．１４倍Ｐ＜０．０１。结果提示妊娠影响了母体胃动素分泌和释放,妊娠时间越长,胃动素水平越低,妊娠终止后,胃动素水平明显升高。本文对妊娠及哺乳期妇女血浆胃动素浓度变化的机理及意义进行了讨论。     

人胎肝匀浆碘化甲腺氨酸5′脱碘酶的研究

<正> 甲状腺素(T_4)在外周组织5′单脱碘为3.5.3′-三碘甲腺氨酸(T_3)而使其生物学活性大大提高,故催化此反应的碘化甲腺氨酸5′脱碘酶被视为甲状腺激素生物学作用的重要调节因子。不同胎令脏器该酶活性的研究将为了解胎儿期间甲状腺激素的代谢及共对胚胎生长发育的影响提供重要线索。本文将对人胎肝匀浆碘化甲腺氨酸5′脱碘酶研究结果作一简要报道。     

半胱胺对成年鹅糖和蛋白质代谢的影响

经瘘管收集 14只装有翅静脉瘘管的成年杂交鹅 (川白×太湖 )的血样作为对照 ,随后一次性添喂10 0mg/kg·bw的半胱胺 (处理 )。分别用放射免疫和分光光度等方法测定一些与糖和蛋白质代谢有关的激素和生化指标。处理后第 1、 3、 5、 7天分别收集血样。其中 ,4个检测日的血浆尿酸含量降低 ,谷丙转氨酶升高 ;第 5天和第 7天的血糖降低 ;第 5天胰岛素高于对照 ,而胰高血糖素低于对照 ,二者比值最大。这些结果暗示半胱胺促进了鹅机体的同化作用     

甲状腺素对大鼠心肌细胞收缩功能及钙瞬变的影响

目的：研究甲状腺素对单个心肌细胞收缩功能及钙瞬变的影响。方法：SD大鼠60只随机分为对照组（30只）、甲状腺素组（30只）。通过给予甲状腺素喂养后,测量血流动力学指标,随后分离单个心室细胞,采用可视化动缘探测系统同步检测大鼠心肌细胞收缩和钙瞬变的变化并与对照组比较。结果：（1）甲状腺素治疗组左室收缩压（LVSP）和最大缩短和复长速率（&#177;dp／dtmax）较对照组明显提高（P〈0．05）,左室舒张末压（LVEDP）较对照组明显下降（P〈0．05）。（2）甲状腺素治疗组单个心肌细胞收缩功能指标最大收缩幅度（PTA）、最大缩短和复长速率（&#177;dL／dtmax）较对照组明显增加（P〈0．05）,钙瞬变指标fura-2荧光强度变化（△FFI）明显增强、Ca2＋离子达峰值时程（TTPCa）、舒张期Ca2＋减少50％时程（T50DCa）较对照组明显缩短（P〈0．05）。结论：甲状腺素可改善大鼠心脏功能并增强单个心肌细胞的收缩功能及钙瞬变幅度,在单细胞水平上为探讨甲状腺素治疗慢性心衰的发生机制提供了实验依据。     

藏酋猴精子的电镜观察

本研究利用扫描电镜,透射电镜及光间首次对我国特有的灵长类动物藏酋猴的精子形态结构进行了观察研究,藏酋猴精子在大体结构上,如头的形状,顶体大小,核的结构等,与猕猴属其它种类相似,其主要特征是顶体发达,总长（79．96±0．29）um,及头长（5．97±0．05um),尾中段（11．98±05um)与尾主段的长度（62．01±0．32um）与红面猴（Macaca arctoides)及猕猴属其它种类存在明显差异P＜001,结果表明藏酋猴与红面猴应分属于不同的种组,与Fooden关于藏尊猴分类的结论一致。     

外源褪黑激素通过调节摄食和产热降低大绒鼠的体重

褪黑激素（MEL）是一种向动物传递光周期信息的分子,也参与能量稳态的调节。为探讨外源褪黑激素对大绒鼠（Eothenomys miletus）体重、能量代谢及体温调节的影响,将大绒鼠置于（25 ± 1）℃,光周期12 L∶12 D（白昼与黑夜各12 h）的环境中,每日腹腔注射褪黑激素（20 μg/kg）,共28 d。结果发现,注射外源性褪黑激素后,大绒鼠的体重和摄食量显著降低,摄水量增加;核心体温和肩胛间皮肤温度显著升高;静止代谢率（RMR）和非颤抖性产热（NST）显著升高;肝和褐色脂肪组织（BAT）中的线粒体蛋白含量、细胞色素c氧化酶（COX）活性升高;褐色脂肪组织中的总蛋白、解偶联蛋白1（UCP1）、α-磷酸甘油氧化酶（α-PGO）、T45′-脱碘酶（T45′-DII）活性显著升高,但对肝总蛋白和α-PGO无显著影响;血清中瘦素、三碘甲腺原氨酸（T3）浓度显著上升,甲状腺素（T4）浓度显著降低。此外,注射褪黑激素后大绒鼠睾丸重量显著降低,表明其导致大绒鼠性腺退化。相关分析表明,解偶联蛋白1含量和三碘甲腺原氨酸浓度呈正相关,T45′-脱碘酶活性和三碘甲腺原氨酸含量呈正相关,暗示T45′-脱碘酶可能在褪黑激素诱导褐色脂肪组织产热中起重要作用。总之,外源褪黑激素可能通过抑制摄食和增加产热降低了大绒鼠的体重。     

sHLA-G在子痫前期患者的表达及意义

目的：检测子痫前期患者sHLA—G水平,探讨母血sHLA—G的水平和妊娠高血压疾病的关系。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附法检测20例正常孕妇晚期和20例子痫前期患者血清sHLA—G水平。结果：在正常妊娠组sHLA—G血清中的水平为10．72&#177;3.40ng／mL;子痫前期组为9.46&#177;1.5．10ng／mL。子痫前期组sHLA—G水平明显低于正常妊娠晚期组,差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论：sHLA-G可能与子痫前期患者的发病有关系。     

月腺大戟(Euphorbia ebracteolata)根部提取物抑菌作用的测定

以小麦赤霉病病菌（Fusarium graminerum）、油菜菌核病病菌（Sclerotirda scleotiorum）、棉花黄萎病病菌（Verticillium dahliae）、苹果炭疽病病菌（Glomarella cingulata）、甜瓜蔓枯病病菌（Mycosphaerella melonis）为供试病原菌,采用琼胶平板法对月腺大戟根部丙酮提取物进行了离体抑菌活性测定;月腺大戟根部提取物样品供试质量浓度分别设为0．05g／mL,0．1g／mL,0．2g／mL．0．4g／mL四个梯度。测定结果表明：不同浓度月腺大戟根部丙酮提取物对5种供试病原菌均表现为很强的抑菌作用,该研究为月腺大戟根部进一步开发植物性农药提供理论依据。     

高原健康居民某些内分泌激素的变化及其生理意义

本文在海拔10m(青岛)、2260m(青海西宁)和3700m(青海玉树)三个高度,用放射免疫法,测定445例健康人血四碘甲腺原氨酸(T_4)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(T_3)、3,3’,5’三碘甲腺原氨酸(rT3)皮质醇(F)和醛固酮(ALD)含量。结果发现:(1)高海拔地区世居藏族与有15年以上移居史的汉族居民五项测值间无显著差别(P>0.05);(2)高海拔地区居民T_3、T_4、F和ALD含量降低(P<0.05～0.001),而rT3则升高(P<0.01)。这些变化的生理意义,可能反映了高原居民对低氧环境的一种慢性适应机制。在某些高原疾病防治中,适当应用肾上腺皮质激素,可能有一定临床价值。     

肝郁脾虚证模型大鼠血流变及TXB2、PGF1a的变化

目的:探查中医肝郁脾虚证模型的血流变及相关调节因子的状态。方法:采用慢性束缚应激 过度疲劳 饮食失节法建立大鼠肝郁脾虚证模型,测定大鼠造模三周、自然恢复一周时的血流变和血浆TXB2、PGF1a。结果:与正常组相比,模型组大鼠造模三周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度和还原粘度均显著升高(P＜0．001),红细胞聚集指数显著降低(P＜0．001),红细胞压积显著升高(P＜0．01),红细胞变形指数无显著性差异(P＞0．05);血浆TXB2显著升高(P＜0．001),6-keto-PGF1a显著降低(P＜0．05), TXB2/PGF1a显著升高(P＜0．01);模型组大鼠第四周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度和还原粘度仍显著升高(P＜0．001或P＜0．01);红细胞聚集指数显著降低(P＜0．001);红细胞压积与变形指数无显著性差异(P＞0．05);血浆TXB2和TXB2/PGF1a显著降低(P＜0．05),6-keto-PGF1a显著升高(P＜0．05)。结论:肝郁脾虚证大鼠存在血液高粘和血栓易形成状态,恢复期血液高粘同时伴有扩血管因素的加强。提示肝郁脾虚证有血流变的异常和血浆TXA2-PGI2的平衡失调,主要涉及到血小板和血浆因素的参与。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.