出芽短梗霉菌株PA-2全基因组测序及分析

【背景】出芽短梗霉菌株PA-2是一株分离自青海省海东市平安区患病杨树叶片上的真菌,前期研究表明该菌株具有除草和抑菌能力,说明其在生物农药方面具有潜在的应用前景。【目的】了解菌株PA-2的基因组序列信息,挖掘其生防相关功能基因簇,为进一步研究解析该菌株生防机理及生防功能改造提供遗传背景信息。【方法】利用IlluminaHiSeq高通量测序平台对生防菌株PA-2进行全基因组测序,用生物信息学的方法对测序数据进行基因组组装、基因预测及功能注释、碳水化合物活性酶预测、次级代谢产物合成基因簇预测,利用刚果红染色等方法对水解酶活性进行衡量。【结果】菌株PA-2基因组序列全长28 932 793 bp,平均GC含量为50%,共编码10 839个基因,预测到该菌株具有4个已知的次级代谢产物合成基因簇,编码Melanin、Burnettramic Acid A、ACR-Toxin I、Abscisic Acid,该菌株能水解纤维素和果胶。【结论】有助于在基因组层面上解析菌株PA-2生防机制的内在原因,为深入了解出芽短梗霉菌次级代谢物合成途径提供参考,对菌株PA-2的下一步相关研究具有重要意义。     

一株重寄生枝孢菌的基因组测序及重寄生机制分析

【背景】枝孢菌SYC63是一株具有重寄生作用和抗菌活性的潜在生防菌株,目前尚无研究报道该菌株的全基因组序列,因此限制了其开发与利用。对该菌株进行基因组测序与分析,将进一步了解其重寄生的分子机制,为其在生物防治上的应用奠定研究基础。【目的】解析枝孢菌SYC63基因组序列信息,初步探究该菌的重寄生作用机制。【方法】利用二代高通量测序平台对枝孢菌SYC63进行全基因组测序,运用相关软件对其测序数据进行基因组组装、基因功能注释、预测次级代谢产物合成基因簇并分析重寄生相关的碳水化合物酶类基因等。【结果】基因组组装后共得到17个contigs,总长度为31 912 211 bp,GC含量为52.80%,预测到12 327个编码基因。其中,4 029、949和6 595个基因分别能在KEGG、COG和GO数据库中被注释到,同时还预测到25个次级代谢产物合成基因簇。对重寄生机制相关的碳水化合物酶类进行分析并与重寄生菌株(拟盘多毛孢菌、木霉及盾壳霉)比较,发现该菌具有较多的糖苷水解酶和糖脂酶基因,而且细胞壁降解酶类基因经锈菌孢子壁处理后在转录组测序中显著上调表达,初步分析了该菌与重寄生木霉在分子水平上的...     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌生防菌BS-3全基因组测序及生物信息分析

【背景】解淀粉芽孢杆菌BS-3是从健康橡胶树树根中分离获得的一株对真菌具有较强抗菌活性的内生细菌,有作为生物农药的潜力。【目的】解析菌株BS-3的基因组序列信息,以深入研究该菌株防病促生机制及挖掘次级代谢产物基因资源。【方法】采用第二代BGISEQ与第三代Pac Bio平台相结合的测序技术,对生防菌BS-3进行全基因组测序,并对测序数据进行基因组组装、基因预测与功能注释、共线性分析及次级代谢产物合成基因簇预测等。【结果】BS-3全基因组大小为3 870 130 bp,平均GC含量为46.88%,共编码4 161个基因;含有92个t RNA基因、28个r RNA、10个sRNA;含有122个串联重复序列、98个小卫星DNA、2个微卫星。在COG、GO、KEGG、NR和Swiss-Prot数据库分别注释到基因2 875、2 620、1 885、4 040和3 328个。同时,预测到BS-3中有10个次级代谢产物合成基因簇,编码表面活性素、丰原素、多烯类、儿茶酚型嗜铁素等抑菌物质。基因组测序数据提交至NCBI获得GenBank登录号为CP060384。【结论】为基因组层面上解析菌株BS-3具有良好防病效果的内在原因提供基础数据,为深入了解解淀粉芽孢杆菌次级代谢合成途径提供参考信息,对菌株BS-3后续相关研究具有重要意义。     

东乡野生稻内生放线菌Streptomyces sp. PRh5的全基因组测序及序列分析

【目的】Streptomyces sp. PRh5是从东乡野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)中分离获得的一株对细菌和真菌都具有较强抗菌活性的内生放线菌。为深入研究PRh5菌株抗菌机制及挖掘次级代谢产物基因资源,有必要解析PRh5菌株的基因组序列信息。【方法】采用高通量测序技术对PRh5菌株进行全基因组测序,然后使用相关软件对测序数据进行基因组组装、基因预测与功能注释、直系同源簇(COG)聚类分析、共线性分析及次级代谢产物合成基因簇预测等。【结果】基因组组装获得290 contigs,整个基因组大小约11.1 Mb,GC含量为71.1%,序列已提交至GenBank数据库,登录号为JABQ00000000。同时,预测得到50个次级代谢产物合成基因簇。【结论】将为Streptomyces sp. PRh5的功能基因组学研究及相关次级代谢产物的生物合成途径与异源表达研究提供基础。     

鸡源暹罗芽孢杆菌CML548的益生特性及全基因组分析

【背景】芽孢杆菌是用于动物微生态制剂的重要菌株之一。暹罗芽孢杆菌因具有较强的抑菌活性,近年来受到广泛关注。【目的】对实验室前期分离的鸡源暹罗芽孢杆菌CML548的益生特性进行评价,通过全基因组测序及生物信息学分析,探究其抑菌及潜在的益生机制。【方法】通过牛津杯法、稀释涂布平板法分别对菌株CML548的抑菌和产酶特性、酸和胆盐的耐受性进行研究。使用IlluminaHiSeq2500测序平台进行全基因组测序,并通过多种生物信息学工具和数据库对基因组进行注释和分析。【结果】体外实验表明该菌株具有优良的益生性状：能够有效抑制致病性大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、产气荚膜梭菌的生长;能够同时产生蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶;具有较高的酸和胆盐耐受性。全基因组测序分析表明菌株CML548的基因组大小为4061741bp,GC含量为46.07%,预测到3 961个编码基因。分别有1 693、2 704、3 413、186、67、1、5个基因被GO、KEGG、COG、CAZy、DBAASP、CARD、VFDB数据库注释;通过antiSMASH预测到16个与次级代谢产物合成相关的基因簇。此外,还发现其含有抗菌活性...     

基因组分析揭示拟茎点霉XP-8产松脂醇及其糖苷等多种次级代谢产物的合成途径

【目的】通过解析拟茎点霉属XP-8的基因组序列信息,揭示该菌株潜在的代谢途径,并分析松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等次级代谢产物生物合成相关的关键基因。【方法】使用Illumina Hi Seq 2500高通量测序平台对拟茎点霉XP-8菌株进行全基因组测序,并通过不同软件对测序数据进行序列拼接,基因预测与功能注释。【结果】组装后的拟茎点霉XP-8基因组大小为55.2 Mb,GC含量53.5%,含有17094个蛋白编码基因和310个非编码基因。获得了松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等次级代谢产物生物合成相关的基因。系统发育分析揭示出拟茎点霉XP-8与5种子囊菌共有12635个同源基因和5626个基因家族。【结论】拟茎点霉XP-8具有用于合成松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等多种次级代谢物的基因组基础,为下一步的代谢工程改造提供依据。     

生防菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌 SQ-2 全基因组测序及生物信息学分析

【背景】解淀粉芽孢杆菌SQ-2是从市售豆瓣酱中分离得到的一株益生菌,实验表明菌株SQ-2具有较强的抑制植物病原真菌的能力,说明SQ-2具有较好的生物防治能力,有作为生物农药的潜力。【目的】研究菌株SQ-2的遗传信息并揭示其抑菌机制。【方法】在Illumina MiSeq X10平台上对菌株SQ-2进行全基因组测序,使用Trim Galore V.0.4.0清理原始数据,并使用FastQC检查质量;使用SOAPdenovo2进行从头组装,使用antiSMASH鉴定负责次级代谢产物生物合成的基因。【结果】解淀粉芽孢杆菌SQ-2基因组大小为3 486 537 bp,GC含量为46.63%,共编码4298个基因,共发现11个与次级代谢产物生物合成相关的基因簇,其中6个被确定为抗真菌物质合成簇,分别编码bacillaene、bacilysin、butirosin、fengycin、bacillibactin和surfactin。基因组框架测序数据提交至NCBI获得GenBank登录号为JAHXSB000000000。超高液相色谱/质谱联用分析表明产生了儿茶酚型嗜铁素、多烯类和表面活性肽。【结论】...     

桑氏链霉菌KJ40全基因组测序及分析

【背景】桑氏链霉菌(Streptomyces sampsonii)KJ40是一株具有防病、促生多重功能的放线菌,有作为生物农药的潜力。目前还没有相关研究报道S.sampsonii全基因组序列,这限制了其功能基因、代谢产物合成途径及比较基因组学等研究。【目的】解析S.sampsonii KJ40的基因组序列信息,以深入研究该菌株防病促生机制及挖掘次级代谢产物基因资源。【方法】利用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序平台对KJ40菌株进行全基因组测序,使用相关软件对测序数据进行基因组组装、基因预测和功能注释、预测次级代谢产物合成基因簇、共线性分析等。【结果】基因组最后得到9个Scaffolds和578个Contigs,总长度为7 261 502 bp,G+C%含量平均为73.41%,预测到6 605个基因、1 260个串联重复序列、804个小卫星序列、67个微卫星序列、90个tRNA、9个rRNA和19个sRNA。其中,2 429、3 765、2 890、6 063和1 911个基因分别能够在COG、GO、KEGG、NR和Swiss-Prot数据库提取到注释信息。同时,还预测得到21个次级代谢产物合成基因簇。基因组测序数据提交至NCBI获得Gen Bank登录号:LORI00000000。S.sampsonii KJ40与Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)、Streptomyces griseus subsp.griseus NBRC 13350三株链霉菌基因组存在翻转、易位等基因组重排,3个基因组共有1 711个蛋白聚类簇。【结论】研究为从基因组层面上解析KJ40菌株具有良好促生防病效果的内在原因提供基础数据,为深入了解链霉菌次级代谢合成途径提供参考信息,对S.sampsonii后续相关研究具有重要意义。     

一株稀有海洋真菌Stachybotrys longispora FG216的De Novo测序及基因组学分析

【背景】长孢葡萄穗霉菌(Stachybotrys longispora) FG216是一株稀有海洋真菌,其次生代谢产物FGFC1具有纤溶活性。进行S. longispora FG216的基因组序列分析,将充实和促进海洋微生物功能基因和次生代谢产物合成生物学的基础研究和应用研究。【目的】解析S. longispora FG216的基因组序列,分析基因组生物功能和同源相似性关系,分析次生代谢产物纤溶活性化合物FGFC1的相关基因。【方法】基于Illumina HiSeq高通量测序平台对S. longispora FG216菌株进行De Novo测序,使用SSPACE、Augustus等软件进行组装、编码基因预测、基因功能注释、物种共线性分析以及预测FGFC1次生代谢产物合成基因簇。【结果】S. longispora FG216的基因组测序总长度为45622830bp,共得到605个Scaffold,GC含量为51.31%,注释预测得到13329个编码基因和169个非编码RNA。基因组测序数据提交至国家微生物科学数据中心(编号为NMDC60016264),其中13 053、8 422、8 460、7 714和2 847个基因分别能够在NR、KEGG、KOG、GO和CAZy数据库匹配到注释信息。比较基因组学分析发现,Stachybotrys具有保守性,核心基因占基因家族总数目的71.44%,S. longispora FG216与S. chlorohalonata IBT 40285的相似性最高;同时,预测得到101个次生代谢产物合成基因簇,其中18个基因簇与已知的化合物相匹配。通过antiSMASH预测,Cluster57是编码合成FGFC1母核结构异吲哚啉酮的基因簇,与S.chlorohalonataIBT40285中的基因簇相似度为40%。【结论】海洋稀有真菌S.longisporaFG216的基因组信息已上传至国家微生物科学数据中心公开使用,为Stachybotrys种属的研究提供了重要的参考意义,同时发现了S. longispora FG216次生代谢产物纤溶活性化合物FGFC1母核部分编码基因是Cluster 57。     

全基因组测序揭示两株泡菜源植物乳杆菌基因型差异和潜在益生特性北大核心

【目的】为了探究植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)基因型差异和潜在益生特性,采用全基因组测序技术对其进行测序并解析基因组序列及生物特性。【方法】本研究基于HiSeq和PacBio测序平台,对团队前期从四川多代泡菜中分离获得、体外益生特性评价良好的潜在益生菌菌株L.plantarum Eden-Star PC06和L.plantarum Eden-Star PC108的全基因组进行测序。利用相关生物信息学软件对原始数据进行组装及其后续的功能注释、分子进化、菌株安全性、次级代谢产物合成基因簇以及益生特性相关基因进行分析。【结果】通过基因组装得到了2株植物乳杆菌的全基因组信息,L.plantarum Eden-Star PC06和Eden-Star PC108基因组大小分别为3163902 bp和3205054 bp;GC含量分别为44.68%和44.67%;分别包含3161个和3197个DNA编码序列;功能基因数据库比对结果显示2株菌在碳水化合物利用、氨基酸利用和糖基转移酶等基因上得到大量注释;通过比对数据库,在2株植物乳杆菌全基因组上发现了4个与肠液耐受相关的胆盐水解酶基因、完整的植物乳杆菌细菌素合成相关基因簇和抵御多种胁迫的益生相关基因。【结论】本研究通过全基因组测序在基因水平上探究了L.plantarum Eden-Star PC06和Eden-Star PC108基因型差异和益生特性基因,证明L.plantarum Eden-Star PC06和Eden-Star PC108是2株有应用前景的益生菌菌株,以期为筛选优良益生菌菌株和评价其益生特性提供遗传学基础。     

Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum

In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.     

Presence of Rhizobium Etli bv . Phaseoli and Rhizobium Gallicum bv . Gallicum in Egyptian Soils

Seven bean rhizobial strains EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29 identified as Rhizobium etli, and EBRI 32 identified as Rhizobium gallicum, isolated from Egyptian soils and which nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris efficiently, were subjected to hybridization with a nifH probe in order to estimate the copy number of this gene. Seven strains (EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29) which were only able to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris, contained three copies of the nifH gene, consistent with their identification as Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli. Only one strain (EBRI 32) which nodulated both Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala, had one copy of nifH gene. This confirmed the classification of this strain as Rhizobium gallicum bv. gallicum.     

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds

Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.     

Comparative study of Bifidobacteriumanimalis, Escherichiacoli, Lactobacilluscasei and Saccharomycesboulardii probiotic properties

The present work investigates some probiotic properties of four different microorganisms (Bifidobacterium animalis var. lactis BB-12, Escherichia coli EMO, Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces boulardii). In vitro and in vivo tests were carried out to compare cell wall hydrophobicity, production of antagonistic substances, survival capacity in the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice without pathological consequence, and immune modulation by stimulation of Küpffer cells, intestinal sIgA and IL-10 levels. In vitro antagonism against pathogenic bacteria and yeast was only observed for the probiotic bacteria B. animalis and L. casei. The hydrophobic property of the cell wall was higher for B. animalis and E. coli EMO, and this property could be responsible for a better ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice. Higher levels of sIgA were observed mainly for S. boulardii, followed by E. coli EMO and B. animalis, and only S. boulardii induced a significant higher level of IL-10. In conclusion, for a probiotic use, S. boulardii presented better characteristics in terms of immunomodulation, and B. animalis and L. casei for antagonistic substance production. The knowledge of the different probiotic properties could be used to choice the better microorganism depending on the therapeutic or prophylactic application.     

Prosthecium species with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer

Data from microscopic morphology, single-spore cultures, and DNA analyses of teleomorphs and anamorphs support the recognition of five species of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer: P. acerinum sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. acerinum; P. acerophilum comb. nov., formerly known as Dictyoporthe acerophila; P. galeatum comb. nov., originally described as Massaria galeata; P. opalus sp. nov.; and P. pyriforme sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. pyriforme s. str. The morphology of both type specimens and freshly collected material was investigated. The teleomorphs have brown ellipsoidal ascospores with five distosepta and often a longitudinal distoseptum. The anamorphs of all species described here belong to Stegonsporium; their connection to the Prosthecium teleomorphs was demonstrated by morphology and DNA sequences of single spore cultures derived from both ascospores and conidia. The anamorphs and teleomorphs of all five Prosthecium species are described and illustrated by LM images, and a key to these species is provided. As perceived from this work, S. pyriforme is restricted to Europe and does not occur in North America, whereas S. acerinum is restricted to North America, not found in Europe. The host associations given in the literature are revised and evidence is provided that only A. opalus, A. pseudoplatanus, and A. saccharum are confirmed hosts of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of tef1, ITS rDNA, and partial nuLSU rDNA sequences confirm that the species with Stegonsporium anamorphs are closely related to P. ellipsosporum, the generic type species. Stilbospora macrosperma is confirmed as the anamorph of P. ellipsosporum by DNA data of single spore isolates obtained from both ascospores and conidia.     

铜绿假单胞菌对青霉素类抗生素异质性耐药研究

【背景】铜绿假单胞菌是临床上常见的条件致病菌,其异质性耐药的发生常导致临床治疗失败。【目的】研究铜绿假单胞菌对青霉素类抗生素的异质性耐药情况,为相关临床感染治疗提供一定的依据。【方法】收集临床分离的50株铜绿假单胞菌,采用纸片扩散法(diskdiffusion method)即Kirby-Bauer (K-B)法、菌落谱型分析(population analysis profile,PAP)法、生长实验以及传代稳定性实验探究铜绿假单胞菌的异质性耐药特征。【结果】K-B法初筛得到铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林(piperacillin,PIP)、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦(piperacillin/tazobactam,TZP)和替卡西林/克拉维酸(ticarcillin/clavulanic acid,TIM)的异质性耐药率分别为52%、52%和54%。PAP实验确认后有13株异质性耐药菌,其检出率占总实验菌株的26%。随机选取8株异质性耐药菌株,其耐药亚群的发生频率为7.3×10-7-1.2×10-5。通过无抗生素压力的生长实验发现,异质性耐药菌株PAS92、PAS57与其各自的3株最高PIP浓度平...     

转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响

【目的】为探究转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响。【方法】以转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉与其亲本常规棉为实验材料,利用取食不同棉花品种叶片的棉铃虫饲喂异色瓢虫幼虫。【结果】与常规亲本棉相比,取食饲喂转基因棉花叶片的初孵棉铃虫幼虫的异色瓢虫幼虫从1龄发育至化蛹期时间延长0.77 d,但差异不显著;除1龄幼虫体重增加(0.0773 mg)外,其余各龄期幼虫体重均有所下降,但差异均不显著;异色瓢虫1、2、3、4龄幼虫对初孵棉铃虫捕食量均随棉铃虫密度的增加而增加,捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。【结论】转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育无显著影响,饲喂取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花的棉铃虫对异色瓢虫捕食功能无显著差异。     

厚藤脱水素基因IpDHN启动子IpDHN-Pro的克隆和调控转录活性分析

为了解厚藤(Ipomoea pes-caprae)脱水素基因IpDHN (GenBank登录号:KX426069)启动子的转录活性和对非生物胁迫和植物激素ABA的响应,通过染色体步移法克隆了IpDHN的上游启动子序列IpDHN-Pro,长度为974 bp。构建IpDHN-Pro调控下GUS转基因载体,转化拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)植株获得IpDHN-Pro::GUS转基因植株并进行GUS染色,验证IpDHN-Pro启动转录活性以及在氯化钠、甘露醇、ABA处理后拟南芥GUS基因表达变化。结果表明,扩增获得的IpDHN-Pro序列包含多个顺式作用元件,包括1个ABRE、3个Myb转录因子结合位点、富含TC的重复序列以及Skn-1基序等。转基因拟南芥GUS染色及qRT-PCR表明该序列可驱动GUS基因在拟南芥稳定表达,且表达受高盐、渗透压及ABA的诱导。这表明IpDHN-Pro是一个盐旱、ABA诱导的启动子序列,可应用于相关的植物抗逆遗传工程研究。