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Abbey E. Wilson Darrell L. Sparks Katrina K. Knott Scott Willard Ashli Brown 《Zoo biology》2020,39(3):176-185
Chemicals present in urine are thought to play an important role in mate identification in the solitary giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). During the breeding season, females will deposit chemical signals to advertise sexual receptivity to potential mates. The goal of this study was to determine if specific volatile compounds found in female urine could be considered as pheromones that elicit behavioral and physiological responses in males. Experimental simultaneous choice trials were conducted with captive male giant pandas (n = 3) housed at Memphis Zoo, San Diego Zoo, and Zoo Atlanta. Octanoic acid, 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, decanoic acid, and civetone were selected as stimuli because previous studies reported their elevation in urine during the breeding season. Male interest was determined by a behavioral preference toward these volatile compounds diluted in synthetic urine compared with nontreated synthetic urine. Male urine samples were collected 1 week prior, during, and 1 week after the experimental period to assess changes in urinary semiochemical composition and urinary androgen concentrations. No significant differences in investigation response (p = .395) or flehmen response (p = .600) were found when stimuli were compared; however, decanoic acid and civetone elicited a behavioral preference over the control (response ratio > 0.5). The relative abundance of 16 compounds identified in male urine was significantly elevated (p < .05) above baseline values after the males were exposed to the stimuli. Androgen levels were significantly elevated (p < .05) in one male after exposure to 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, decanoic acid, and civetone. These data suggested that civetone and decanoic acid in female urine may motivate sexual responses in males. 相似文献
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圈养大熊猫的繁殖特性和生命表 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对最大的大熊猫(Ailuropodamelanoleuca)圈养种群——中国保护大熊猫研究中心的圈养种群的研究,总结了圈养大熊猫的繁殖生物学特性,编制了大熊猫的生命表。大熊猫是季节性繁殖的动物,每年春季3~4月发情交配,8月(30.49%)和9月(48.88%)产仔,每胎平均产仔1.5只,圈养繁殖大熊猫的雌雄比为1.11。大熊猫的妊娠期和幼兽的初生体重变化很大,分别平均为139.8天和142.6g。性成熟的年龄,雌性是5.7±1.1岁,雄性是5.8±0.58岁。根据圈养大熊猫的生命表计算出圈养种群的净增长率R0为0.209,世代周期T为9.187年,内禀增长率r为-0.170,周期增长率λ为0.844。 相似文献
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Rams representing five breeds were electroejaculated twice weekly, during a three-week collection period. Ejaculates were evaluated for volume and concentration before freezing and for rate of motility and percentages of motile and abnormal cells both before and after freezing. Interactions between breed and collection period were evident (P<0.05) for semen volume and post-thaw values for rate of motility and percentage motile cells. Breeds differed (P<0.05) in these traits during some periods. In contrast, pre-freezing observations of rate of motility, percentage motile and abnormal cells and post-thaw percentage abnormal cells did not differ (P>0.15) among breeds. Sperm concentration per ejaculate tended to vary (P=0.11) among breeds. Semen characteristics frequently varied across collection periods. Rams within a breed differed (P<0.01) in all semen traits except post-thaw rate of motility and percentage motile cells. Semen was negatively affected by the freezing and thawing procedure. Ram within a breed and ejaculate within ram should be considered when selecting electroejaculated semen for freezing and subsequent use in artificial insemination. 相似文献
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Sonia S. Prez‐Garnelo Julin Garde Beln Pintado Concepcin Borque Covadonga Talavera María Delclaux Manuel Lpez Julio De La Fuente Martínez 《Zoo biology》2004,23(3):279-285
When Chu‐Lin, a male giant panda (studbook #249), died at Madrid Zoo, his reproductive tract was removed 4 hr postmortem and the epididymal spermatozoa were collected. Extended sperm were kept at 5°C for 4 hr, loaded into straws, and frozen for 7 min in liquid nitrogen vapor before the straws were plunged into liquid nitrogen. Two straws were thawed and evaluated. Sperm motility was assessed in fresh, refrigerated, and thawed spermatozoa (75%, 60%, 35%, respectively). Sperm viability and acrosome status were estimated using a triple‐stain technique (TST). The results showed 33% live sperm with intact acrosomes after thawing. A hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test demonstrated the retention of membrane integrity in 72% of thawed sperm. To evaluate the in vitro fertilizing ability of thawed sperm, a sperm penetration assay (SPA) was performed. The values obtained for the percentage of penetration and the penetration index were 62% and 1.78 sperm/oocyte, respectively. The results obtained demonstrate that epididymal sperm recovered from a giant panda postmortem can be successfully cryopreserved. The sperm fertilizing ability demonstrated in vitro after thawing may provide a final opportunity for this male to contribute to the currently small germplasm reserves of this endangered species, and to reproduce in the future through assisted reproductive technology. Zoo Biol 23:279–285, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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[目的] 大熊猫是我国国家一级保护动物,其种群面临着传染病和栖息地破碎化等持续威胁,其中生殖系统的细菌感染和菌群失衡会影响大熊猫生殖健康,严重者可导致流产,是引起大熊猫繁殖障碍的原因之一。本研究对精液与包皮分泌物样本的菌群组成情况及分离培养潜在致病菌开展研究。[方法] 通过采集13份大熊猫包皮分泌物和12份精液样本,采用16S rRNA扩增子测序技术、细菌培养及PCR鉴定的方法,确定样本中的细菌种类。[结果] 菌群组成分析结果显示,在门水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的细菌丰度在大熊猫包皮与精液中均为最高;在属水平上,不同时期的雄性大熊猫包皮的菌群可能会发生改变,棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium)和Dolosicoccus是Ⅰ期包皮样本中最丰富的微生物菌群,相对丰度分别为15.45%和12.40%;链球菌属(Streptococcus)和埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)是Ⅱ期包皮样本中最丰富的微生物菌群,相对分度分别为37.94%和9.68%;拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)是精液样本中最丰富的微生物菌群,相对丰度分别为14.40%和12.88%。菌群多样性分析结果显示,精液样品高于Ⅰ期包皮样品和Ⅱ期包皮样品,Ⅰ期包皮样品和Ⅱ期包皮样品之间无显著差异。通过细菌分离培养得到肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumonia)在内的多种潜在性致病菌。[结论] 本研究分析了大熊猫精液和不同时期包皮分泌物的菌群组成,其优势菌属存在差异,大熊猫包皮与精液中存在潜在性致病菌,这可能对大熊猫的生殖系统健康带来威胁,其致病性有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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甘肃白水江保护区西段大熊猫对生境的选择 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用Vanderloeg和Scavia选择指数,调查分析了白水江保护区西段白马河保护站李子坝至邱家坝区域大熊猫对生境的选择,结果表明:该区域大熊猫喜欢选择海拔高于2500 m的中高山的山脊、坡的上部活动;喜欢在坡度21°~30°的半阴半阳坡活动;喜欢原始的针阔混交林和针叶林;喜欢乔木平均胸径大于50 cm,竹子高度大于2 m、盖度大于75%,生长类型为簇生,生长状况好竹林中活动;对坡形、乔木郁闭度、水源的选择差异不显著,几乎是随机选择。 相似文献
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哺乳动物精子冷冻的抗氧化研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人工授精是迄今为止应用最广泛并最有成效的辅助生殖技术,而高品质的精液是提高人工授精受胎率的关键。近年来在家畜精液冷冻保存技术中应用抗氧化剂的研究受到广泛关注,通过添加抗氧化剂降低了精子在冷冻保存过程中所遭受的氧化损伤,提高了冷冻精液质量和母畜的受胎率。可添加的抗氧化剂种类很多,通常有维生素类和酶类抗氧化剂等。针对目前抗氧化剂在大熊猫精液上应用研究甚少的现状,该文对哺乳动物精子的氧化损伤机制和常用的抗氧化剂进行综述,期望对大熊猫的相关研究提供理论依据和参考。 相似文献
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岷山山系大熊猫自然保护区2003年生物多样性监测 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
岷山山系是全球生物多样性保护的热点地区之一,有着全世界最大的大熊猫种群和面积最大的大熊猫栖息地。到2003年底,在该地区已建立了20个以保护大熊猫为主的自然保护区。从2003年开始,岷山17个大熊猫自然保护区实施了野外大熊猫及其栖息地监测。通过监测,了解了岷山自然保护区野生动物分布状况、人为活动对自然保护区的干扰情况,以及自然保护区周边社区经济情况,为自然保护区管理决策提供了依据。同时,通过监测活动还提高了自然保护区工作人员的业务水平。建议今后将自然保护区监测工作纳入自然保护区日常工作中。 相似文献
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Peng Chen Pranjal Swarup Wojciech Michal Matkowski Adams Wai Kin Kong Su Han Zhihe Zhang Hou Rong 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(7):3561-3573
- As a highly endangered species, the giant panda (panda) has attracted significant attention in the past decades. Considerable efforts have been put on panda conservation and reproduction, offering the promising outcome of maintaining the population size of pandas. To evaluate the effectiveness of conservation and management strategies, recognizing individual pandas is critical. However, it remains a challenging task because the existing methods, such as traditional tracking method, discrimination method based on footprint identification, and molecular biology method, are invasive, inaccurate, expensive, or challenging to perform. The advances of imaging technologies have led to the wide applications of digital images and videos in panda conservation and management, which makes it possible for individual panda recognition in a noninvasive manner by using image‐based panda face recognition method.
- In recent years, deep learning has achieved great success in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition. For panda face recognition, a fully automatic deep learning algorithm which consists of a sequence of deep neural networks (DNNs) used for panda face detection, segmentation, alignment, and identity prediction is developed in this study. To develop and evaluate the algorithm, the largest panda image dataset containing 6,441 images from 218 different pandas, which is 39.78% of captive pandas in the world, is established.
- The algorithm achieved 96.27% accuracy in panda recognition and 100% accuracy in detection.
- This study shows that panda faces can be used for panda recognition. It enables the use of the cameras installed in their habitat for monitoring their population and behavior. This noninvasive approach is much more cost‐effective than the approaches used in the previous panda surveys.
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基于MaxEnt模型的二郎山廊道大熊猫栖息地适宜性评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黎运喜;陈佑平;余凌帆;涂正彬;赵联军;杨旭煜;古晓东;高强 《四川动物》2016,35(6)
基于地理分布点和环境变量数据,利用MaxEnt模型(Maximum Entropy Modeling)对二郎山廊道大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca栖息地适宜度进行综合评价:坡度、坡向和干扰距离的综合贡献值分别为53.00%、21.90%和18.00%,累积贡献率达92.90%,是影响该区域大熊猫分布的主要生态因子。使用自然断点法将大熊猫栖息地分为不适宜、潜在、适宜和最适宜栖息地4种类型:不适宜栖息地面积为168.45 km,占研究区域面积的39.02%;潜在栖息地面积为212.71 km,占研究区域面积的49.28%;适宜栖息地和最适宜栖息地面积分别为49.79 km和0.68 km,两者仅占研究区域面积的11.70%。建议在该廊道开展大熊猫栖息地人工修复项目,以增加该地大熊猫的适宜栖息地面积;同时尽可能减少人类活动对大熊猫栖息地的干扰,以便廊道在促进各种群之间的基因交流中更好地发挥作用。 相似文献
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【目的】从健康大熊猫新鲜粪便中分离具有纤维素酶活性的菌株,并对其进行菌种鉴定及产酶性质研究。【方法】利用羧甲基纤维素钠培养基分离纯化具有较高纤维素酶活性的菌株,根据形态学特征、生理生化特性以及16S rDNA分析对其进行分类鉴定,研究影响该菌株纤维素酶的产酶条件,以及对不同纤维素底物的降解情况。【结果】分离得到一株纤维素酶产生菌株P2,该菌株为好氧的革兰氏阳性细菌,生长温度范围20-50℃(最适温度37℃),pH范围6.0-9.0(最适pH7.0),NaCl浓度范围0%-15%(最适2%NaCl),培养24h达到产酶高峰。16S rDNA基因序列分析显示,菌株P2与解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillusamyloliquefaciens)NBRC15535相似性为99.66%。该菌株对四种纤维素底物(滤纸、脱脂棉、秸秆、竹纤维)均有不同程度的降解,内切葡聚糖酶、外切葡聚糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和总酶活具有不同的酶活变化。【结论】本研究首次从大熊猫粪便中分离出了好氧纤维素分解菌,并鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌,对上述四种纤维结构均有一定的破坏和分解作用,为进一步研究大熊猫竹纤维消化机制提供了菌源。 相似文献