The beta-globin gene cluster distribution revisited-patterns in Native American populations

New frequencies for the beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes are presented for the Aché (N = 82 individuals), Guarani (N = 76), and Kaingang (N = 54), three Native South American populations that live in an area between parallels 20 degrees S and 30 degrees S not covered by previous studies at this locus. The haplotype frequencies obtained for the three populations are within the interval observed for 28 other Native American populations. The Aché show much less haplotypes (five) than the other two populations (9-10), the haplotype prevalences being more similar to those of the Guarani than to the Kaingang. The Native American total heterozygosity was about half (0.41) that obtained for the African populations (0.71), but was not much different from those obtained for other continents. A geographical pattern was disclosed in South America by mapping the frequencies of the most common haplotype (haplotype 2), and by means of spatial correlation analysis. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and pairwise F(ST) data suggest three distinct sectors for the genetic landscape of Native South America: the Andes, the Center/Southeast region, and the Amazon.     

Cultural History in the Native Northeast

Native People of Southern New England, 1500-1650, Kathleen J. Bragdon. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996. 301 pp.
Historic Contact: Indian People and Colonists in Today's Northeastern United States in the Sixteenth through the Eighteenth Centuries. Robert S. Grumet. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995. 514 pp.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
LELE, S. R. and RICHTSMEIER, J. T. An Invariant Approach to the Statistical Analysis of Shapes.
HEYDE, C. C. and SENETA, E. (editors). Statisticians of the Centuries.
LAWSON, A. B. Statistical Methods in Spatial Epidemiology.
EVERITT, B. S. and PICKLES, A. Statistical Aspects of the Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials.
KERR, S. R. and DICKIE, L. M. The Biomass Spectrum: A Predator-Prey Theory of Aquatic Production.
DER, G. and EVERITT, B. S. A Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using SAS, 2nd Edition.
HAND, D., MANNILA, H. and SMYTH, P. Principles of Data Mining.
INDRAYAN, A. and SARMUKADDAM, S. B. Medical Biostatistics.
EWENS, W. J. GRANT, G. R. Statistical Methods in Bioinformatics: An Introduction.
HARRELL, F. E. Regression Modeling Strategies with Applications to Linear Models, Logistic Regression and Survival Analysis.
CONGDON, P. Bayesian Statistical Modelling.
CAMAZINE, S., DENEUBOURG, J.-L., FRANKS, N. R., SNEYD, J., THERAULAZ, G. and BONABEAU, E. Self-Organization in Biological Systems.     

REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article:
Speciation in Tropical Environments . Ed. by R. H. L owe -M c C onnell .
Determination of Angiosperm Families by means of a Punched-Card System . By B. H ansen and K. R ahn.
Numerical Taxonomy . Ed. by A. J. C ole.
Flowers of Europe—a Field Guide . By O. P olunin.
Spring Flora of Minnesota, including Common Cultivated Plants . By T homas M orley.
The Early Development of Irish Society: the Evidence of Aerial Photography . By E. R. N orman and J. K. S. S t J oseph.
Plant Pathology . By G. N. A grios.
Mycological Studies honoring John N. Couch . Ed. by W. J. K ock.
Common Edible Mushrooms . By C lyde M. C hristensen .
Fungal Parasitism . By B rian J. D everall.
The Algae—A Review . By G. W. P rescott .
An Introduction to the Principles of Plant Physiology , By W. S tiles and E. C. C ocking .
Perspectives in Phytochemistry . Ed. by J. B. H arborne and T. S wain .
Introduction to Plant Physiology . By J acob L evitt .
Root Growth . Ed. by W. J. W hittington .
Statistics and Experimental Design . By G eoffrey M. C larke .
Ecological Aspects of the Mineral Nutrition of Plants . Ed. by I. H. R orison et al.
Evolution and Phylogeny of Flowering Plants . By J. H utchinson .     

Selective-Differential Medium for Isolation and Differentiation of Pectinatus from Other Brewery Microorganisms

An agar medium, LL-agar (lactate-lead acetate) was designed to selectively differentiate members of the genus Pectinatus (S. Y. Lee, M. S. Mabee, and N. O. Jangaard, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28:582-594, 1978; S. Y. Lee, M. S. Mabee, N. O. Jangaard, and E. K. Horiuchi, J. Inst. Brew. 86:28-30, 1980) from other brewery microorganisms. Selectivity was achieved by the use of sodium lactate as the sole source of carbon and phenylethyl alcohol as an inhibitor for aerobic gram-negative bacteria and yeast. Differentiation was established by the introduction of lead acetate into the medium, which reacted with the H₂S liberated by Pectinatus and resulted in a blackening of the Pectinatus colonies while the other brewery organisms, when present, remained white. In combination with the Lee tube (J. E. Ogg, S. Y. Lee, and B. J. Ogg, Can. J. Microbiol. 25:987-990, 1979) and this medium, isolation of Pectinatus organisms from beer samples was accomplished with convenience and simplicity.     

Book Reviews

McCONWAY, K. J., JONES, M. C., and TAYLOR, P. C. Statistical Modelling using Genstat. SCHINAZI, R. B. Classical and Spatial Point Processes. PERRY, J. E., SMITH, R. H., WOIWOD, I. P., and MORSE, D. R. (editors). Chaos in Real Data: The Analysis of Non‐linear Dynamics from Short Ecological Time Series. BURTON, R. F. Physiology by Numbers, 2nd edition. BERLINER, L. M., NYCHKA, D., and HOAR, T. (editors). Studies in the Atmospheric Sciences. PRAKASA RAO, B. L. S. Statistical Inference for Diffusion Type Processes. DONNER, A. and KLAR, N. Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. MATIS, J. H. and KIFFE, T. R. Stochastic Population Models: A Compartmental Perspective. LINDSEY, J. K. Models for Repeated Measurements, 2nd edition. FORD, E. D. Scientific Method for Ecological Research. BURNHAM, K. P. and ANDERSON, D. R. Model Selection and Inference: A Practical Information‐Theoretic Approach. COX, D. R. and REID, N. The Theory of the Design of Experiments. PINHEIRO, J. C. and BATES, D. M. Mixed‐effects models in S and S‐PLUS. VENABLES, W. N. and RIPLEY, B. D. S Programming. KRAUSE, A. and OLSON, M. The Basics of S and S‐PLUS. CHEN, M.‐H., SHAO, Q.‐M., and IBRAHIM, J. G. Monte Carlo Methods in Bayesian Computation. SAHAI, H. and AGEEL, M. L. The Analysis of Variance: Fixed, Random, and Mixed Models. EVERITT, B. S. and DUNN, G. Statistical Analysis of Medical Data: New Developments. MUKHOPADHYAY, N. Probability and Statistical Inference. KNIGHT, K. Mathematical Statistics. Brief reports by the editor MILLER, R. E. Optimization: Foundations and Applications. BLAND, M. An Introduction to Medical Statistics, 3rd edition. RABE‐HESKETH, S. and EVERITT, B. A Handbook of Statistical Analyses using Stata, 2nd edition. KOO, J. O. (editor). American Series in Mathematical and Management Sciences Volume 42. Modern Mathematical, Management, and Statistical Sciences, The Index to the 20th Century, Prologue to the 21st Century. MISHRA, S. N. and SHARMA, B. D. (editors). American Series in Mathematical and Management Sciences Volume 43. FIM‐I, Forum for Interdisciplinary Mathematics Proceedings on Statistical Inference, Combinatorics and Related Areas, Volume I of Proceedings of Banaras Hindu University (BHU) Conference (Varanasi, India, December 1997). VENABLES, W. N. and RIPLEY, B. D. Modern Applied Statistics with S‐PLUS, 3rd edition.     

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Vol. 2: Mesoamerica, Part 1.; The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Vol. 2: Mesoamerica, Part 2.

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Vol. 2: Mesoamerica, Part 1. Richard E. W. Adams and Murdo J. MacLeod. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 571 pp.
The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Vol. 2: Mesoamerica, Part 2. Richard E. W. Adams and Murdo J. MacLeod. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 455 pp.     

Statistical Analysis of Environmental Space-Time Processes edited by N. D. Le and J. V. Zidek

Statistical Analysis of Environmental Space‐Time Processes (N. D. Le and J. V. Zidek) Jon Wakefield Computer‐Intensive Methods of Data Analysis in Biology (D. A. Roff) A. W. Kemp Randomization, Bootstrap, and Monte Carlo Methods in Biology (3rd Edition) (B. F. J. Manly) A. W. Kemp Applied Mixed Models in Medicine, 2nd edition (H. Brown and R. Prescott) Matthew J. Gurka Stochastic Modeling for Systems Biology (D. J. Wilkinson) Olaf Wolkenhauer Knowledge Discovery in Proteomics (I. Jurisica and D. Wigle) Zhen Zhang Computational Genome Analysis: An Introduction (R. C. Deonier, S. Tavaré, and M. S. Waterman) Marc Suling Stochastic Orders (M. Shaked and J. G. Shantikumar) Subhash Kochar Brief Reports by the Editor Measurement Error in Nonlinear Models: A Modern Perspective, 2nd edition (R. J. Carroll, D. Ruppert, L. A. Stefansky, and C. M. Crainiceanu) Basic Statistics and Pharmaceutical Statistical Applications, 2nd edition (J. E. De Muth) A Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using Stata, 4th edition (S. Rabe‐Hesketh and B. S. Everitt) Introduction to Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials, 2nd edition (J. N. S. Matthews) Survival and Event History Analysis (P. K. Andersen and N. Keiding, editors) A Pocket Guide to Epidemiology (D. G. Kleinbaum, K. M. Sullivan, and N. D. Barker)     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Plant and Soil Water Relationships. By P aul J. K ramer .
Vegetable Gums and Resins. By F. N. H owes .
Principles of Human Genetics. By C urt S tern .
Experimental Studies on the Nature of Species. III. Environmental Responses of Climatic Races of Achillea. By J. C lausen , D. D. K eck , W. H. H iesey .
Mountains and Moorlands. By W. H. P earsall .
Spät-und nacheiszeitliche Waldgeschichte Mitteleuropas nördlich der Alpen. Erster Band: Allgemeine Waldgeschichte. By F ranz F irbas .
Biology. An Introduction to Medical and other Studies. By P. D. F. M urray , M.A., D.Sc.
The Fig. By I ra J. C ondit . Foreword by W alter T. S wingle .
American Wild Flowers. By H arold N. M oldenke .     

REVIEWS

Review in this article:
The Grass, Fern and Savannah Lands of Ceylon, their Nature and Ecological Significance. By C. H. H olmes .
Guide to the National Pinetum and Forest Plots at Bedgebury. By W. D allimore , R. F. W ood and others. Edited for H.M. Forestry Commission by J. M acdonald and H. J. E dlin .
Elementary Genetics. By W ilma G eorge .
The Stipitate Hydnums of the Eastern United States. By W illiam C hambers C oker and A lma H olland B eere .
Leaf Analysis. By H. L undegårdh , translated by R. L. M itchell .
Trace Elements in Plant Physiology (Lotsya, Vol. 3, I.U.B.S. Colloquia, Series B., No. 1).
Respiration et Métabolisme Azoté ( Etude de physiologie foliaire ) By A lexis M oyse .
Manual of Phycology. An Introduction to the Algae and their Biology. Edited by G ilbert M. S mith .
Recent Advances in the Study of Plant Viruses. By K enneth M. S mith .
An Introduction to the Anatomy of Seed Plants. By E. L. S tover .
Drawings of British Plants. Part V. Caryophyllaceae. By S tella R oss -C raig .
Zur Lebensgeschichte des Schilfs an den Ufern der Schweizer Seen. Beiträge zur geobotanischen Landesaufnahme der Schweiz. Heft 30. By H ans H ürlimann .
Vegetationskarte der Schweiz. In four sheets, I-IV. Scale 1: 200,000. By E mil S chmid .
Native Orchids of North America. By D. S. C orrell .
Advances in Genetics. Vol. IV. Edited by M. D emerec .
Flora of the British Isles. By A. R. C lapham , T. G. T utin and E. F. W arburg .
Introduction to Mycology. By J. A. M acdonald .     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Flora Palaestina . By M. Z ohary and N. F einbrun -D othan . Vol. 1, by M ichael Z ohary .
Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie . By P aul M outerde
Tropical Plant Types . By B. G. M. J amieson and J. F. R eynolds .
The Biology of Fungi, Bacteria and Viruses . By G reta S tevenson .
The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants . By C. D. S culthorpe .
Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie . Band VIII/I. Anatomie des Blattes 1. Blattanatomie der Gymnospermen . By K lans N app -Z inn .
The Lichen Symbiosis . By V ernon A hmadjiax .
Plant Anatomy . By A. F ahn , translated from the Hebrew by S ybil B roido -A ltman .
Gymnosperms—Structure and Evolution . By C. J. C hamberlain .
Structure and Reproduction of the Gymnosperms; Fossil and Living . By B. S. T rivedi and D. K. S ingh .
An Introduction to Gvmnosperms . By S. C. D atta .
Sourcebook of Laboratory Exercises in Plant Pathology . Ed. by the Sourcebook Committee of the American Phytopathological Society (Chairman, A. K elman ).
Diffusion Systems . By M. H. J acobs .     

REVIEWS

Review in this article:
Drawings of British Plants. Part XIV. Adoxaceae-Dipsacaceae . By S tella R oss -C raig .
Darwin's Biological Work: Some Aspects Reconsidered . Edited by P. R. B ell .
Flora of the British Isles, Illustrations, Part II, Rosaceae-Polemoniaceae . By A. R. C lapham , T. G. T utin and E. F. W arburg . Drawings by S ybil J. R oles .
Protoplasmic Streaming. Protoplasmatologia. Handbuch der Protoplasmaforschung . Edited by L. V. H eilbrunn and F. W eber .
The Ecology of Soil Fungi. An International Symposium . Edited by D. P arkinson and J. S. W aid .
Marine Algae of the Eastern Tropical and Subtropical Coasts of the Americas . By W illiam R andolph T aylor .
Introduction to Plant Geography . By N icholas P olunin .
Frost, Drought and Heat Resistance . By J. L evitt .     

Graphics for Statistics and Data Analysis with R by KEEN,K. J.

Graphics for Statistics and Data Analysis with R (K. J. Keen) Michael Friendly Hidden Markov Models for Time Series: An Introduction Using R (W. Zucchini and I. L. MacDonald) Peter Guttorp Bayesian Adaptive Methods for Clinical Trials (S. M. Berry, B. P. Carlin, J. J. Lee, J. J. and P. Muller) Say Beng Tan SAS and R Data Management, Statistical Analysis, and Graphics (K. Kleinman and N. Horton) Juan P. Steibel Numerical Analysis for Statisticians, 2nd edition (K. Lange) Maria Rizzo Statistical Methods for Disease Clustering (T. Tango) Lance A. Waller Brief Reports by the Editor Survival Analysis Using SAS: A Practical Guide (P. D. Allison) Design and Analysis of Quality of Life Studies in Clinical Trials (D. L. Fairclough) Nonparametric Statistical Inference (J. D. Gibbons and S. Chakraborti) Stochastic Processes: An Introduction (P. W Jones and P. Smith)
     

Complex societies and anthropology: A perspective from 1979*

The Transition to Statehood in the New World, edited by G. D. Jones and R. R. Kautz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. ix + 254 pp.

The Inca and Aztec States 1400–1800: Anthropology and History, edited by G. A. Collier, R. I. Rosaldo and J. D. Wirth. New York: Academic Press, 1982. xx + 475 pp.

Native Lords of Quito in the Age of the Incas: The Political Economy of North Andean Chiefdoms. Frank Salomon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. xviii + 274 pp.

The Origins and Development of the Andean State, edited by J. Haas, S. Pozorski and T. Pozorski. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. vi+ 188 pp.

Peruvian Prehistory; An Overview of pre‐lnca and Inca Society, edited by R. W. Keatinge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. xvii + 364 pp.     

Book Reviews

Senile Dementia: Outlook for the Future (Modern Aging Research, Vol. 5) edited by J. Wertheimer and M. Marois. Alan R. Liss
Nucleic Acid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by W. I. P. Mainwaring, J. H. Parish, J. D. Pickering, and N. H. Mann.
Modulation of Sensorimotor Activity During Alterations in Behavioural States edited by R. Bandler. Alan R. Liss
Monoamine Innervation of Cerebral Cortex (Neurology and Neurobiolgy, Vol. 10) edited by L. Descarries, T. R. Reader, and H. H. Jasper, Alan R. Liss
Neurocommunications: An Introduction by I. C. Whitfield
Ionic Channels of Excitable Membranes by B. Hille
Metabolic Probes of Central Nervous System Activity in Experimental Animals and Man (Magnes Lecture Series, Vol. 1) by Louis Sokoloff
Neurobiology (The Clinical Neurosciences, Vol. V) edited by R. N. Rosenberg, R. G. Grossman, S. S. Schochet Jr., E. R. Heinz, W. D. Willis Jr.     

Degradation of DNA by silicic acid

S1 nuclease hydrolysis and hydroxyapatite chromatography were used to study the effect of silicic acid on DNA. Native calf thymus DNA was incubated with increasing concentrations of silicic acid (DNA nucleotide/silicic acid molar ratios of 1:0.25, 1:0.5 and 1:1) and subjected to S1 nuclease hydrolysis. An increasing degree of DNA degradation was seen suggesting a destabilization of the secondary structure. A decrease in melting temperature was also observed. Hydroxyapatite chromatography indicated that incubation at the molar ratio of 1:1 resulted in denaturation and degradation of DNA.     

Book reviews

An Introduction to Systems Analysis: with ecological applications J.N.R. Jeffers, Edward Arnold Behavioural Ecology: an Evolutionary Approach J. R. Krebs and N. B. Davies, eds.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Threatened Birds of Africa and Related Islands. The ICBPIIUCN Red Data Book, Part 1. 3rd edn. By N. J. Collar and S. N. Stuart.
The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion. By R. H. N. Smithers.
Threatened Birds of Africa and Related Islands. The ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book, Part 1 3rd edn. By N. J. Collar and S. N. Stuart     

Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article:
An Introduction to Plant Physiology. By W. O. J ames . Seventh edition ed. by J. J. H ead .
Biosynthesis and its Control in Plants. Ed. by B. V. M ilborrow.
Naturally Occurring Acetylenes. By F. B ohlmann , T. B urckhardt and C. Z dero.
How Trees Grow. By P hillip R. M orey.
Ecology of Salt Marshes and Sand Dunes. By D. S. R anwell.
The Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan. By N. L. B or.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Walter Benjamin. By Julian Roberts Maurice Merleau-Ponty: Between Phenomenology and Structuralism (Theoretical Traditions in the Social Sciences Series). By James Schmidt Phenomenology in Practice and Theory. Edited by William S. Hamrick Advocacy and Anthropology, First Encounters. Edited by Robert Paine A Plague of Caterpillars. A Return to the African Bush. By Nigel Barley The Innocent Anthropologist. Notes from a Mud Hut. By Nigel Barley So Much That Is New. Baldwin Spencer 1860–1929: A Biography. By D.J. Mulvaney and J.H. Calaby The Native Tribes of Western Australia. By Daisy Bates Women, Employment and Development in the Arab World. Edited by Julinda Abu Nqsr Peasants, Subsistence Ecology, and Development in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. By Lawrence S. Grossman The History and Social Influence of the Potato. By Redcliffe Salaman Human Ecology: The Story of Our Place in Nature from Prehistory to the Present. By Bernard Campbell Philosophy and Archaeology. By Merrilee H. Salmon The Psychosocial Interior of the Family.3rd Edition, Edited by Gerald Handel The Artificial Family. A Consideration of Artificial Insemination by Donor. By R. Snowden and G.D. Mitchell Maternal and Child Health in Rural Kenya. An Epidemiological Study. Edited by J.K. van Ginneken and AS. Muller Maternal Bonding. By Wladyslaw Sluckin, Martin Herbert and Alice Sluckin The Continuum Concept. By Jean Liedloff Wives and Midwives, Childbirth and Nutrition in Rural Malaysia. By Carol Laderman Human Sexuality: Contemporary Controversies. Edited by Harold Feldman Australian Women and the Political System. Edited by Marian Simms Singapore: Struggle for Success. By John Drysdale. George Allen and Unwin