重金属对HeLa细胞中热激蛋白70(HSP70)表达的影响

热激蛋白(HSPs)是受热等因素刺激后而诱导产生的蛋白质,是一类可以调节应激反应并且保护机体防止细胞损伤的蛋白质,在机体的应激反应中具有重要作用。它们作为一般标志物被广泛应用于环境监测中。CdCl2,Cu2+,Zn2+这三种重金属是普遍存在的环境污染物,对人体和动物的一些主要器官造成损伤。以HeLa细胞(子宫肿瘤细胞)为材料,采用不同浓度的CdCl2,Cu2+,Zn2+三种重金属物质诱导细胞,并利用免疫荧光染色(IFS),SDS-PAGE,Western blotting和RT-PCR四种手段分别从基因和蛋白质的水平来研究重金属对HSP70表达的影响。结果表明,三种金属对HSP70表达的影响程度为CdCl2>Zn2+>Cu2+,且HSP70的产生量与重金属的浓度呈正相关。通过研究,以建立一种对HSPs的表达更有效的检测手段用于以后的研究。     

热休克反应中小鼠心脏HSP70表达的免疫组织化学研究

用免疫组织化学方法研究了小鼠心脏在不同温度（40、41、44、46℃）热休克处理后,各恢复期（2、4、8、12、24小时）HSP70的表达。结果表明,（1）44、46℃热处理能诱导心肌细胞合成HSP70,以46℃为多（P＜0．01）,且于恢复期4－8小时为合成高峰（P＜0．01）。（2）阳性免疫反应定位于心肌细胞质中,核呈阴性反应。提示了心脏有较强的耐热能力。     

单纯疱疹病毒2gD-Hsp70融合蛋白基因的构建及表达

构建并原核表达Hsp70-HSV2gD融合蛋白。将Hsp70和HSV-2gD蛋白基因分别克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1,构建成重组质粒pGEX-4T-Hsp70-gD,并测序鉴定。重组质粒pGEX-4T-Hsp70-gD转化大肠杆菌DH5α后,IPTG诱导表达并进行SDS-PAGE分析。表达产物纯化后做Westernblot检测。将其肌注免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测融合蛋白对免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、γ-干扰素产生以及血清中gDIgG水平的影响。表达产物的SDS-PAGE分析发现,在相对分子量为118kD处有外源蛋白表达,与预期蛋白带一致。用GST柱得到了纯化的Hsp70-HSV2gD融合蛋白。Westernblot证实,表达产物具有良好的活性。GST-Hsp70-gD组蛋白疫苗免疫的小鼠,其脾淋巴细胞刺激指数和脾淋巴细胞培养上清中γ-干扰素的水平高于其它组(P<0.05)。血清单纯疱疹病毒-2gD蛋白的抗体水平高于其它组(P<0.05)。     

Muscle-specific MicroRNA1 (miR1) Targets Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) during Dexamethasone-mediated Atrophy

High doses of dexamethasone (Dex) or myostatin (Mstn) induce severe atrophy of skeletal muscle. Here we show a novel microRNA1 (miR1)-mediated mechanism through which Dex promotes skeletal muscle atrophy. Using both C2C12 myotubes and mouse models of Dex-induced atrophy we show that Dex induces miR1 expression through glucocorticoid receptor (GR). We further show that Mstn treatment facilitates GR nuclear translocation and thereby induces miR1 expression. Inhibition of miR1 in C2C12 myotubes attenuated the Dex-induced increase in atrophy-related proteins confirming a role for miR1 in atrophy. Analysis of miR1 targets revealed that HSP70 is regulated by miR1 during atrophy. Our results demonstrate that increased miR1 during atrophy reduced HSP70 levels, which resulted in decreased phosphorylation of AKT, as HSP70 binds to and protects phosphorylation of AKT. We further show that loss of pAKT leads to decreased phosphorylation, and thus, enhanced activation of FOXO3, up-regulation of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1, and progression of skeletal muscle atrophy. Based on these results, we propose a model whereby Dex- and Mstn-mediated atrophic signals are integrated through miR1, which then either directly or indirectly, inhibits the proteins involved in providing protection against atrophy.     

脑啡肽-干扰素α-m融合蛋白外用治疗单纯疱疹病毒感染

为探讨脑啡肽-干扰素α-m融合蛋白(EI)外用治疗单纯疱疹病毒感染的作用,分别用HSV-1感染兔子角膜、HSV-2感染豚鼠阴道建立动物感染模型.兔子角膜感染24h后用融合蛋白滴眼液治疗,每天3次,每次0.5ml,共14天.豚鼠阴道感染48h后,用融合蛋白涂剂抹外阴病灶,每天3次,每次10mg,共14天.用IFNα-m和生理盐水/赋形剂作为对照.采用记录病损程度分级法进行临床症消减观察,并于治疗前后测定实验动物病灶病毒滴度、HSV抗体滴度及NK细胞活性.结果显示:与IFNα-m相比,EI治疗组实验动物病毒感染症状大幅减轻且病程缩短,动物病灶中病毒滴度下降,抗HSV抗体滴度升高,NK细胞活性增强.说明脑啡肽干扰素融合蛋白具有较强的消除炎症和局部抗病毒作用,可用于治疗HSV感染引起的疾病.     

Immunohistochemical Studies on the Transneuronal Spread of Virulent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Its US3 Protein Kinase-Deficient Mutant after Ocular Inoculation

The transneuronal spread of a virulent wild-type herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and its US3 protein kinase-deficient (US3 PK^?) mutant was immunohistochemically studied in mice after inoculations into the cornea, anterior chamber, tongue, and masseter muscle. After corneal inoculation, the wild-type virus was demonstrated in various brain stem areas including the trigeminal tract and nucleus, the reticular formation, and cerebellar nucleus group. Viral antigen-positive neurons were strictly confined to the ipsilateral spinal trigeminal nucleus in mice corneally infected with the US3 PK^? mutant. No viral antigens were detected in the central nervous system (CNS) after inoculation with the mutant into the tongue and masseter muscle. However, when mice were immunosuppressed by treatment with cyclophosphamide, both the corneally infected mutant and wild-type virus could invade the CNS. The results suggest that the US3 PK^? mutant principally retains the capacity to spread in the CNS.     

大鼠热休克蛋白70的融合表达及纯化鉴定

目的：在大肠杆菌中高效表达并纯化大鼠热休克蛋白（HSP）70与麦芽糖结合蛋白（MBP）的融合蛋白,以进一步研究细胞外HSfr70的生物学功能。方法：用RT-PCR方法扩增目的基因,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pMAL-c2X中,酶切鉴定并进行DNA测序;将该重组表达载体转化大肠杆菌B121,用IPTG在不同温度及时间下进行诱导表达,建立最佳诱导表达条件;采用Amylose树脂预装柱对目的蛋白进行亲和纯化,并对不同表达条件下的产物进行SDS-PAGE及Westernblot分析。结果：克隆出目的基因,构建了融合表达载体pMAL-c2X／hsp70;诱导表达后经SDS-PAGE检测表明获得了目的条带,并纯化出纯度较高的融合蛋白;免疫印迹鉴定表明其具有抗原活性。结论：在大肠杆菌中高效表达并纯化了融合蛋白MBP-HSP70,为进一步研究细胞外HSP70的生物学效应提供了有用的材料。     

单纯疱疹病毒糖蛋白D的表达及免疫学鉴定

单纯疱疹病毒(herpes simplex virus,HSV)是TORCH综合征的病原体之一.新生儿可通过宫内、产道和出生后等多种途径感染,大部分患儿呈现症状,如皮炎、角膜炎、口唇疱疹,也可发生涉及多个器官的播散性感染,严重者出现疱疹性脑膜炎,并常导致婴幼儿死亡.目前尚无全身用的特效药物和有效的防范措施.HSV包膜糖蛋白D(glycoprotein D,gD)是极为保守的免疫原性蛋白,在体内可诱导高滴度的中和抗体,因此gD基因成为近些年来诊断研究的靶基因.本文尝试将gD蛋白在酵母菌中表达,并分析其抗原性,为建立快速易行的重组抗原诊断试剂盒奠定基础.此外,利用该表达系统表达的HSV gD蛋白,可为HSV基因工程重组疫苗的研制提供依据,对优生优育、提高人口出生质量具有重要的理论及实际意义.     

MEK1-ERKs级联激活方式是调控单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型复制的重要机制

本研究通过阐明MEK1和MEK2亚型在单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(herpes simplex virus type 2,HSV2)复制中介导的Raf/MEK/ERK(简称ERK)通路活化中的作用,以期进一步阐明该通路调控病毒复制的机制.研究中应用了MEK抑制剂U0126、针对MEK1和MEK2的特异性小干扰RNA(small ...     

日本三角涡虫热休克蛋白70(DjHSP70)C-端多肽表达及其抗血清制备

首先运用在线生物学软件对日本三角涡虫(Degusia japonica)热休克蛋白70(DjHSP70)氨基酸序列进行亲水区分析,发现该蛋白C-端含有较多亲水性氨基酸,然后以该段多肽序列为基础构建原核表达载体.采用PCR方法扩增450 bp cDNA片段,编码DjHSP70 C-端150个氨基酸多肽.将双酶切的cDNA...     

结核杆菌热休克蛋白70在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达与鉴定

获得结核杆菌热休克蛋白70在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达。构建了酵母表达质粒pPIC9K-hsp70,并将其线性化后用电穿孔法导入Pichia pastoris GS115,经PCR方法筛选出阳性菌落,在0.5%甲醇诱导下分泌表达。所得产物经离心收集上清、超滤浓缩脱盐、亲和层析后,分别用 SDSPAGE、Western blot和动物免疫实验对上清中的重组Hsp70进行鉴定,并考察产物对DC的作用。经SDSPAGE、Western blot分析表明表达的Hsp70表观分子量为70kD并能特异性地与抗Mt.Hsp70单抗结合,动物实验表明重组的Hsp70能在体诱导免疫应答。重组Hsp70能够诱导DC成熟并释放Th1型细胞因子。摇瓶发酵表达量达120mg/L,占培养上清30%以上。这为研究结核杆菌热休克蛋白70的生理功能提供了必要的物质条件。     

Antiviral Activity of Trichothecene Mycotoxins (Deoxynivalenol,Fusarenon-X,and Nivalenol) against Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2

The effect of trichothecene mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON), fusarenon-X (FX) and nivalenol (NIV), on plaque formation of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) in HEp-2 cells was examined. The 50% effective concentrations (EC₅₀) of DON, FX, and NIV for HSV-1 plaque formation were 160, 56, and 120 ng/ml, respectively. Those for HSV-2 plaque formation were 94, 26, and 50 ng/ml, respectively. These three mycotoxins showed about 2-fold higher selectivity to HSV-2 than to HSV-1. Plaque formation of HSV-1 was not inhibited with trichothecenes at concentrations completely inhibiting plaque formation when cells were treated during virus adsorption period or 15 hr before infection. These results indicate that trichothecenes affect replication of HSV-1 after virus adsorption, but not before or during virus adsorption to the host cells.     

棉花HSP70基因的克隆与原核表达

以抗旱性较强的棉花品种‘KK1543’为材料,采用RT-PCR技术克隆了1个棉花HSP70基因,命名为GhHSP70。研究结果表明:GhHSP70基因开放阅读框长1 997bp,编码648个氨基酸,GhHSP70蛋白相对分子量为70.94kD,等电点为4.83。氨基酸序列比对和系统进化树分析发现,GhHSP70与欧洲大叶杨HSP70的亲缘关系最近,氨基酸序列一致性达到96.4%。为进一步分析基因的功能,构建原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1-GhHSP70,并在大肠杆菌中异源表达。SDS-PAGE分析表明所表达蛋白与预期蛋白大小一致,重组蛋白在37℃,0.2mmol/L IPTG诱导2h时表达量最大。研究为进一步研究棉花HSP70基因功能奠定基础。     

近江牡蛎HSP70基因对溶藻弧菌感染的反应

采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,检测了注射溶藻弧菌(Vibiro alginolyticus)后近江牡蛎鳃,闭壳肌,消化腺,外套膜,心脏以及血细胞中HSP70基因的表达变化。结果显示近江牡蛎这五种器官组织中的HSP70基因表达量均出现显著性高表达,且在鳃、外套膜和血细胞中的HSP70基因表达变化规律表现为典型的时间依赖性。血细胞中,显著高表达的峰值出现在24h,至72h恢复到对照水平,高表达持续时间最长:鳃中表达峰值出现时间较早,在第3h,随后在第12h便恢复到对照水平;外套膜,消化腺以及心脏中的峰值分别出现在6h,6h和3h,而在闭壳肌组织中,没出现显著性高表达。由此可见,近江牡蛎HSP70s可能在机体抗菌免疫过程中起了重要作用。     

Modulation of RAG/DNA complex by HSP70 in V(D)J recombination

V(D)J recombination, a site-specific gene rearrangement process, requires two RAG1 and RAG2 proteins specifically recognizing recombination signal sequences and forming DNA double-strand breaks. The broken DNA ends tightly bound to RAG proteins are joined by repair proteins. Here, we found that heat shock protein 70 was associated with RAG2 following two-step affinity chromatography purification. It was also co-immunoprecipitated with RAG2 in pro-B cells. Purified HSP70 protein disrupted RAG/DNA complexes assembled in vitro and also inhibited the V(D)J cleavage (both nick and hairpin formation) in a dose-dependent manner. This HSP70 action required ATP energy. These data suggest that HSP70 might play a crucial role in disassembling RAG/DNA complexes stably formed during V(D)J recombination.     

Secretion of the heat shock proteins HSP70 and HSC70 by baby hamster kidney (BHK‐21) cells

The HSPs (heat‐shock proteins) of the 70‐kDa family, the constitutively expressed HSC70 (cognate 70‐kDa heat‐shock protein) and the stress‐inducible HSP70 (stress‐inducible 70‐kDa heat‐shock protein), have been reported to be actively secreted by various cell types. The mechanisms of the release of these HSPs are obscure, since they possess no consensus secretory signal sequence. We showed that baby hamster kidney (BHK‐21) cells released HSP70 and HSC70 in a serum‐free medium and that this process was the result of an active secretion of HSPs rather than the non‐specific release of the proteins due to cell death. It was found that the secretion of HSP70 and HSC70 is independent of de novo protein synthesis. BFA (Brefeldin A) did not inhibit the basal secretion of HSPs, indicating that the secretion of HSP70 and HSC70 from cells occurs by a non‐classical pathway. Exosomes did not contribute to the secretion of HSP70 and HSC70 by cells. MBC (methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin), a substance that disrupts the lipid raft organization, considerably reduced the secretion of both HSPs, indicating that lipid rafts are involved in the secretion of HSP70 and HSC70 by BHK‐21 cells. The results suggest that HSP70 and HSC70 are actively secreted by BHK‐21 cells in a serum‐free medium through a non‐classical pathway in which lipid rafts play an important role.