应激对免疫功能的影响

应激(stress)可产生广泛的、复杂的生物学效应,如神经内分泌系统功能的改变、心血、管反应,以及心理和行为方面的变化等。长期在应激状态下生活可导致机体抗病能力下降,从而产生多种疾病,这可能是机体免疫功能下降的一种反映。近年来已有许多学者报道应激可通过神经内分泌系统的作用影响机体的免疫功能。一、应激与疾病的关系应激对于多种疾病的发病、演变以至结局都有密切的关系,这是由于应激可使机体产生复杂的生理和心理反应。关于机体在应激过程中所表现出的各种反应机制,众说不一,早期     

慢性复合应激对大鼠学习记忆功能及脑ERK表达活化的影响

目的：研究慢性复合应激对大鼠学习记忆的影响,以及大脑细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）表达活化的变化,探讨慢性应激致学习记忆损害的分子机制。方法：采用低温暴露、足电击、白噪声、束缚、尾部悬吊、睡眠剥夺、水平震荡等刺激方式,建立慢性复合应激大鼠模型。Morris水迷宫实验观察应激对学习记忆的影响;放射免疫法检测血清皮质酮（CORT）含量;Western blot检测ERK的表达。结果：应激组大鼠水迷宫训练潜伏期较对照组延长,应激3周时有所恢复,但4周时大鼠的训练潜伏期再次显著延长（P〈0.05）。同时应激组大鼠血清CORT水平增高,海马、前额皮质P-ERK水平降低（P〈0.05）,两者在应激3周时均出现短时恢复,但4周时再次下调。结论：海马、前额皮质ERK蛋白磷酸化水平的改变可能参与了慢性复合应激损害学习记忆的分子机制。     

应激和学习对突触效能的调控机制

长期以来人们知道应激与学习和记忆存在着密切的关系。十多年来的研究进展表明应激调控着长时程增强。然而对应激是否影响到长时程抑制却知之甚少。本文简要的介绍了应有 激,学习对突触可塑性的影响的一些主要实验结果。探讨突中可塑性在神经信息储存中的作用。     

Ghrelin 对脑功能的影响

Ghrelin是生长激素促分泌素受体(growth hormone secretagogue receptor,GHSR)的内源性配体,在大鼠胃组织中首次被发现,通过与其特异性受体结合发挥生物学作用。近年来随着对其研究的深入,发现Ghrelin在多种组织中合成分泌,不仅在消化、内分泌等系统产生重要作用,对脑功能也有很大影响,可提高学习记忆能力、影响睡眠、与应激焦虑关系密切并且对脑神经起保护作用。本文总结近几年的文章,旨在通过对Ghrelin对脑功能影响的介绍,为以后的相关研究奠定基础。     

创伤后应激障碍闯入性记忆的生物学机制

创伤应激障碍主要以记忆紊乱为临床表现,其中闯入性记忆是其最显著特征.本文就闯入性记忆发生的生物学机制着重从前额叶、海马和杏仁核、神经环路来探讨创伤应激对脑认知功能的损害机制.     

慢性应激对大鼠学习记忆能力和海马LTP的影响

目的和方法：本研究采用一种多因素的２１ｄ慢性应激动物模型,以Ｙ迷宫和ＬＴＰ为指标,探讨慢性应激对运动学习记忆能力和海马神经突触可塑性的影响。结果：长期慢性应激使大鼠空间学习记忆能力下降,而且,使中枢海马齿状回ＬＴＰ的诱生受到抑制。结论：慢性应激可能使大鼠海马齿状回神经突触可塑性降低,并进一步影响到学习记忆的功能。     

应激性对动物免疫功能影响的研究进展

应激影响动物的生长、行为和多种生理活动。简要介绍应激对动物免疫功能的影响,并阐述其影响机理,为应激疾病的预防、治疗和药物的研制提供一些参考。     

半夏泻心汤对束缚应激小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究半夏泻心汤对束缚应激小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法小鼠随机分为对照组、束缚模型组、低浓度半夏泻心汤组、中浓度半夏泻心汤组和高浓度半夏泻心汤组5组,束缚7 d后测定各组巨噬细胞的吞噬指数、外周血T淋巴细胞数量和抗体生成细胞IgM的分泌量.结果束缚模型组各指标均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);半夏泻心汤各浓度组均可显著升...     

糖尿病对学习记忆的影响及其机制

糖尿病是一种严重影响人类健康的疾病,糖尿病慢性脑病则是其并发症之一,主要表现为患学习与记忆能力下降。本针对糖尿病对患学习与记忆能力的影响及其机制予以概述。     

早期游泳运动对慢性温和应激抑郁大鼠学习和记忆能力的影响

目的:探讨早期游泳运动对慢性温和应激(chronic mild stress,CMS)大鼠学习和记忆能力的影响。方法:50只SD大鼠随机分成5组:对照组、模型组、低强度运动组、中等强度运动组、高强度运动组。运动组大鼠按照游泳运动方案运动4 w,糖水消耗实验和强迫游泳实验评价大鼠抑郁程度;Morris水迷宫实验评价大鼠学习记忆能力。结果:模型组大鼠糖水消耗量和游泳不动时间较对照组明显降低(P0.01),低强度运动组和中等强度运动组大鼠较模型组糖水消耗量和游泳不动时间明显增加(P0.05或P0.01);模型组大鼠较对照组逃避潜伏期明显延长,目标象限搜索时间占总游泳时间的百分比和目标象限穿过次数减少,体质量、双侧海马质量和海马相对质量下降(P0.05或P0.01);低强度运动组和中等强度运动组大鼠较模型组比较,潜伏期缩短明显,目标象限搜索时间占总游泳时间的百分比和目标象限穿过次数增加,体质量、双侧海马质量和海马相对质量增加(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:早期游泳运动能减轻慢性温和应激抑郁大鼠的学习记忆的损害,其中低强度和中等强度运动训练作用效果最佳。     

Poor physical fitness is independently associated with mild cognitive impairment in elderly Koreans

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between physical fitness and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly Koreans. This was a cross-sectional study that involved 134 men and 299 women aged 65 to 88 years. Six senior fitness tests were used as independent variables: 30 s chair stand for lower body strength, arm curl for upper body strength, chair-sit-and-reach for lower body flexibility, back scratch for upper body flexibility, 8-ft up-and-go for agility/dynamic balance, and 2-min walk for aerobic endurance. Global cognitive function was assessed using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Potential covariates such as age, education levels, blood lipids, and insulin resistance (IR) markers were also assessed. Compared to individuals without MMSE-based MCI, individuals with MMSE-based MCI had poor physical fitness based on the senior fitness test (SFT). There were significant positive trends observed for education level (p=0.001) and MMSE score (p<0.001) across incremental levels of physical fitness in this study population. Individuals with moderate (OR=0.341, p=0.006) and high (OR=0.271, p=0.007) physical fitness based on a composite score of the SFT measures were less likely to have MMSE-based MCI than individuals with low physical fitness (referent, OR=1). The strength of the association between moderate (OR=0.377, p=0.038) or high (OR=0.282, p=0.050) physical fitness and MMSE-based MCI was somewhat attenuated but remained statistically significant even after adjustment for the measured compounding factors. We found that poor physical fitness was independently associated with MMSE-based MCI in elderly Koreans.     

Effects of detraining on motor unit potential area,muscle function and physical performance based on CNTF gene polymorphism

[Purpose]

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of detraining on motor unit potential area (SMUP), muscular function and physical performance, according to CNTF gene polymorphism.

[Methods]

For this study, GG (normal homozygote, n = 8) group and GA + AA (mutation heterozygote and homozygote, n = 10) group were divided by CNTF gene polymorphism and both groups were performed detraining for 4 weeks. The data was analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA for verifying the differences between two groups and interaction using SPSS (ver. 20.0) statistical program.

[Results]

The results were as follows. First, changes in body composition were measured but there was no significant interaction effect between time and group. Seconds, changes in SMUP were measured by SEMG. Interaction effect between time and group was found lateral vastus during isokinetic exercise of 180°/sec (p < .05). Third, changes in isokinetic muscle strength of 60°/sec and 180°/sec were measured but there was no significant interaction effect. Fourth, significant statistical differences were not showed changes of sports performance after detraining.

[Conclusion]

In conclusion, there were no significantly differences between GG and GA + AA group after detraining, therefore, further study will be considered a matter in various its interventions such as serum levels of CNTF and changes in receptors and muscle fiber types.     

Oxidative stress in biological systems and its relation with pathophysiological functions: the effect of physical activity on cellular redox homeostasis

The body of evidence from the past three decades demonstrates that oxidative stress can be involved in several diseases. This study aims to summarise the current state of knowledge on the association between oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of some characteristic to the biological systems diseases and aging process. This review also presents the effect of physical activity on redox homeostasis. There is strong evidence from studies for participation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in pathogenesis of acute and chronic diseases based on animal models and human studies. Elevated levels of pro-oxidants and various markers of the oxidative stress and cells and tissues damage linked with pathogenesis of cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, reproductive system diseases, and aging were reported. Evidence confirmed that inflammation contributes widely to multiple chronic diseases and is closely linked with oxidative stress. Regular moderate physical activity regulates oxidative stress enhancing cellular antioxidant defence mechanisms, whereas acute exercise not preceded by training can alter cellular redox homeostasis towards higher level of oxidative stress. Future studies are needed to clarify the multifaceted effects of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species on cells and tissues and to continue study on the biochemical roles of antioxidants and physical activity in prevention of oxidative stress-related tissue injury.     

突触细胞黏附分子在应激中作用的研究进展

突触细胞黏附分子是一类介导突触前、后膜结构和功能互作的膜表面糖蛋白,可以动态调节突触活动和可塑性,其表达与功能受到环境因素调控.突触细胞黏附分子亦是应激反应重要的效应分子之一,可介导应激对认知和情绪的不良影响.本文综述近年来突触细胞黏附分子在应激中作用的研究进展,旨在为应激相关障碍的分子机制研究和药物研发提供思路.     

Effects of special brain area regional cerebral blood flow abnormal perfusion on learning and memory function and its molecular mechanism in rats

s To study the effect of special brain area regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) abnormal perfusion on learning and memory function and its molecular mechanism,64 adult male healthy Spragne-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups,the false operation group (control group) and the operation group (model group).After surgical operation,the operation group undertook bilateral common carotid artery permanent ligation,while the other group did not.Learning and memory function were measured by Y-maze at 4 h,8 h,24 h and 3 d after surgical operation,respectively.The rCBF of the right frontal lobe and hippocampus was also detected by the PerifluxPF model laser Doppler flowmetry,and the expressions of c-fos or c-jun or Bcl-2 and Bax were also measured by immune histochemistry S-P method accordingly.Results showed that the rCBF of the right frontal lobe and hippocampus in the operation group was significantly lower than that in the false operation group (P ＜ 0.05).The learning indexes,error number (EN),day of reach standard and total reaction time (TRT) in the operation group,were significantly higher than that in the false operation group (P＜ 0.05).However,the initiative evasion rate in the operation group was significantly lower than that in the false operation group.The study also found that the rCBF was relatively more,the indexes (EN,the day of reach standard and TRT) relatively fewer,but the initiative evasion rate and the memory keeping rate were relatively more.The positive expression and the average absorbency of Fos and Jun in the operation group were significantly higher than that in the false operation group (P＜ 0.05).Furthermore,Bax and Bcl-2 positive cells were all increased over time in the operation group,and the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in the operation group was significantly higher than that in the false operation group (P＜0.01).In conclusion,rCBF decrease can impair the learning and memory function in rats,which may be related to the increase of the expression ratio of c-fos or c-jun or Bcl-2 or Bax in the frontal cortex and hippocampus.     

Characteristics of nutrient intakes,basal physical fitness and serum markers in elderly women with osteopenia

Purpose

This study investigated the correlations among BMD, nutrient intake, basal physical fitness and serum markers in elderly women with osteopenia.

Methods

Bone Mineral Density (BMD) was measured in 54 elderly women (60–77yrs) by using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The subjects were divided into an osteopenia group (OG; n = 29) and a normal group (NG; n = 25). A physical fitness test was conducted to determine muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, agility, and balance. The dietary nutrient intake for one day was analyzed. The serum Ca, Pi and Mg concentration was also analyzed.

Results

There was significant correlation between All subject’s weight and their total-BMD as well as the T-score (p < .01). There was also significant correlation between the fat free mass and Total-BMD (p < .01). There was significant positive correlation between energy intake and dietary carbohydrate with Total-BMD and T-score in the OG (p < .05). The Serum Pi of the OG was significantly lower than that of the NG (p < .05), and there was significant correlation with the BMD in most regions as well as with the Total-BMD and T-score (p < .05, p < .01).

Conclusion

These results suggested that the fat free mass in elderly women plays an important role in maintaining their BMD and that sufficient caloric intake would be likely to improve BMD in elderly women with osteopenia. In addition, the results suggested the possibility of a decrease in bone mass by hypophosphatemia in elderly women.