鸡贫血病毒衣壳蛋白的表达纯化及多克隆抗体制备

利用PCR技术,以pPrpo-VP1为模板扩增得到鸡贫血病毒的衣壳蛋白基因(VP1),以T4多聚核苷酸激酶磷酸化处理、纯化后,克隆至表达载体pET-30a( )中,从而构建了原核表达质粒pET30-VP1。将pET30-VP1转化至感受态细胞E.coliBL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE分析,可见约45kDa的目的蛋白获得表达。该蛋白经亲和层析纯化后,免疫6-8w的雌性Balb/c鼠,三次免疫后,采血分离血清,制得抗VP1的多克隆血清。以纯化的VP1为包被抗原,用ELISA方法检测,制备的血清效价达12800×以上。以Westernblot检测,该血清可与目的蛋白发生特异性反应,证明其具有良好的免疫原性。VP1蛋白的成功表达及其多克隆抗体的制备为进一步研究VP1蛋白的功能及开展CAV疫苗及诊断制剂的研制奠定了基础。     

EV71结构蛋白VP0的表达及抗体的制备

目的:原核表达EV71结构蛋白VP0(VP2+VP4)并制备其多克隆抗体.方法:以肠道病毒71型(EV71)全基因组为模板,设计引物扩增出目的片段VP0,将其克隆至表达载体pET-30a(+),并转化大肠杆菌TG1,筛选出阳性克隆后进行测序.将重组表达载体pET-30a (+)-VP0转入大肠杆菌表达菌株Rosetta中.该重组菌经过IPTG诱导表达并通过SDS-PAGE电泳和Western Blot验证后,有与预期分子量大小一致的蛋白条带,并且主要以包涵体的形式存在.包涵体用6 mol/L盐酸胍溶解,经过Ni-NTA亲和层析法纯化,获得了纯度较高的目的蛋白.将纯化的蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备了VP0多克隆抗体,并对该抗体进行了细胞免疫荧光分析.结果:经过大肠杆菌重组表达并纯化得到了纯度较高的VP0蛋白,制备的多克隆抗体经过细胞免疫荧光的验证表明反应性良好.结论:成功地表达VP0蛋白并制备了其多克隆抗体,有利于EV71病毒的检测及下一步对其疫苗的研究.     

兔抗肠道病毒71型截短VP1抗体的制备及鉴定

目的制备兔抗肠道病毒71型(EV71)截短VP1多克隆抗体,为EV71基础研究奠定基础。方法 RT-PCR扩增EV71VP1-N160基因(480 bp),以p GEX-6p-1为表达载体,构建重组表达质粒p GEX-6p-1-VP1-N160,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达GST-VP1-N160融合蛋白,并对其进行纯化。以纯化的GST-VP1-N160融合蛋白作为免疫原,经背部皮下免疫新西兰大耳白兔,制备多克隆抗体,ELISA检测多克隆抗体效价,间接免疫荧光法和免疫印迹检测抗体特异性。结果经双酶切鉴定,表明重组表达质粒p GEX-6p-1-VP1-N160构建正确;GST-VP1-N160融合蛋白相对分子质量为35 000~55 000,主要为不可溶性包涵体形式,其在大肠杆菌中高效表达;纯化后目的蛋白纯度约为95%,蛋白质量浓度1.9 mg/m L;免疫家兔后,免疫血清效价可达1012,抗VP1-N160多克隆抗体可以识别EV71原核表达的重组蛋白及天然病毒抗原中的VP1,特异性好。结论成功制备了抗EV71截短VP1多克隆抗体。     

柯萨奇病毒A组16型衣壳蛋白VP1的原核表达及初步活性测定

目的:原核表达柯萨奇病毒A组16型(CVA16)衣壳蛋白VP1,以便于研制血清学检测试剂。方法:在基因库中钓取CVA16-VP1的全长序列,采用PCR逐步合成法合成其全长基因,测序正确后克隆到表达载体pET28a(+)中,构建重组表达质粒pET28a(+)/VP1,转化大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导表达,利用Ni2+亲和层析柱对重组蛋白进行纯化;建立捕获免疫酶联法检测IgM抗体,检测20份手足口病阳性血清和30份阴性血清,评价重组抗原的灵敏度和特异性;采用CVA16全病毒免疫的抗小鼠血清进行Western印迹。结果:重组CVA16-VP1蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达;用重组蛋白抗原检测,20份手足口病患儿阳性血清中有4份阳性,其中1份同时为肠道病毒71型(EV71)VP1阳性,30份阴性血清无反应。结论:实现了CVA16-VP1的高效表达,初步结果显示重组蛋白具有较好的抗原性,为柯萨奇病毒A组16型诊断试剂的研究奠定了基础。     

JC病毒衣壳蛋白VP1多克隆抗体的制备

目的制备pET-32a(+)-VP1蛋白的多克隆抗体。方法用纯化后的VP1蛋白分4次免疫兔子,颈动脉插管法取血,制得多克隆抗体。结果用ELISA法和Western blot鉴定多克隆抗体的效价得1?320000。该抗体可以用Western blot法检测出59 kD左右的VP1蛋白。结论成功制备高效价的JC病毒衣壳蛋白VP1多克隆抗体。     

沙门菌毒力基因spvB的原核表达及其多克隆抗体的制备

目的:构建沙门菌毒力基因spvB的原核表达载体,诱导表达纯化SpvB蛋白并以其为抗原免疫小鼠,制备多克隆抗体。方法:利用生物信息学软件对SpvB进行分析,选取抗原性较高、易表达的氨基酸序列作为克隆序列,以携带spvB基因的鼠伤寒沙门菌为模板,PCR扩增目的片段后与原核表达载体pET28a(+)连接;将质粒pET28a-SpvB转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)后诱导表达并纯化。目的蛋白免疫小鼠,制备抗SpvB多克隆抗体,Western blot检测抗体特异性。结果:成功构建spvB原核表达载体,经IPTG诱导结果显示,重组蛋白表达且主要存在于包涵体中,将纯化后的蛋白免疫小鼠Western blot检测血清中抗体与SpvB特异性结合。结论:获得具有免疫原性的SpvB蛋白及其多克隆抗体,为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定基础。     

EB病毒核抗原1羧基端的原核表达、纯化及其免疫学特性

为进一步研究EB病毒核抗原 1(EBNA1)的功能及提高EB病毒 (EBV)相关疾病辅助诊断的特异性 ,对EBNA1基因 3′端的部分片段进行了原核表达、纯化并初步研究其免疫学特性 .采用PCR法扩增了EBNA1基因编码区 ,经酶切鉴定、序列分析后 ,将其 3′端 5 73bp片段克隆至原核表达载体pET30a中 ,得到重组质粒pET30a SS5 80 .该重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)感受态细胞并经异丙基 β D 硫代半乳糖苷 (IPTG)诱导表达出分子量约 2 5kD的融合蛋白 (2 5 kDEBNA1) .该蛋白以包涵体和可溶形式存在 ,均可用Ni2 + 离子亲和柱纯化 .Western印迹结果显示 ,该蛋白能与鼻咽癌 (NPC)病人血清发生特异性反应 .纯化的 2 5kDEBNA1蛋白免疫BALB c小鼠后 ,经ELISA检测获得了高效价的多克隆抗体 .免疫印迹和间接免疫荧光结果显示制备的免疫小鼠血清能够与HeLa细胞中瞬时表达的EBNA1蛋白发生特异性反应 ,且特异性优于鼻咽癌病人血清 .以上结果表明成功构建了EBNA1羧基端的原核表达质粒 ,并在大肠杆菌中高效表达了 2 5kDEBNA1蛋白 ,该蛋白具有良好的抗原性和免疫原性     

羊口疮病毒蛋白ORFV035的表达、纯化和多克隆抗体的制备

克隆表达羊口疮病毒蛋白ORFV035,并制备其多克隆抗体,为后续对病毒复制、装配、形态发生和成熟过程的研究奠定基础。PCR扩增羊口疮病毒ORFV035基因,将其与质粒pET-30a(+)经Bam HⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切后连接,构建重组质粒pET30a-035。重组质粒经双酶切和测序鉴定,转化感受态大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定蛋白表达情况。表达产物进行超声破碎和Ni柱纯化,纯化后目的蛋白免疫小鼠,制备多克隆抗体并对其进行鉴定。成功构建了重组质粒pET30a-035,在大肠杆菌BL21中以包涵体形式高效表达。包涵体洗涤、溶解后进行Ni柱纯化,得到纯度较高的ORFV035-his融合蛋白。以纯化蛋白免疫小鼠获得多克隆抗体。Western blot检测显示该多抗可以识别天然ORFV035蛋白。成功诱导表达、纯化ORFV035蛋白并制备ORFV035多克隆抗体。     

猪细小病毒1型VP2基因的原核表达及反应原性分析

旨在研究猪细小病毒1型(PPV1)VP2蛋白(第155-439位氨基酸)的抗原性,为开发PPV1的检测方法奠定基础。以PPV1型AV31株的DNA为模板,扩增获得849 bp的目的片段,扩增产物克隆入p ET30a(+)原核表达载体,构建p ET30aPPV1-VP2(155-439 aa)重组质粒,转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3);在37℃,以1 mmol/L IPTG诱导表达6 h;采用Ni-NTA树脂亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,并用不同浓度的尿素对纯化蛋白进行复性。SDS-PAGE分析表明,该VP2编码基因在大肠杆菌中得到表达,蛋白大小约为39 k D;Western blot检测结果表明,该重组蛋白与PPV1阳性血清发生特异性反应,与NA-PRRSV和PCV2阳性血清不发生交叉反应。该实验成功构建了PPV1-VP2(155-439 aa)原核表达载体,实现了在大肠杆菌中的表达,纯化后的复性蛋白具有较好的反应原性。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000     

Coiled-coil nanomechanics and uncoiling and unfolding of the superhelix and alpha-helices of myosin

The nanomechanical properties of the coiled-coils of myosin are fundamentally important in understanding muscle assembly and contraction. Force spectra of single molecules of double-headed myosin, single-headed myosin, and coiled-coil tail fragments were acquired with an atomic force microscope and displayed characteristic triphasic force-distance responses to stretch: a rise phase (R) and a plateau phase (P) and an exponential phase (E). The R and P phases arise mainly from the stretching of the coiled-coils, with the hinge region being the main contributor to the rise phase at low force. Only the E phase was analyzable by the worm-like chain model of polymer elasticity. Restrained molecular mechanics simulations on an existing x-ray structure of scallop S2 yielded force spectra with either two or three phases, depending on the mode of stretch. It revealed that coiled-coil chains separate completely near the end of the P phase and the stretching of the unfolded chains gives rise to the E phase. Extensive conformational searching yielded a P phase force near 40 pN that agreed well with the experimental value. We suggest that the flexible and elastic S2 region, particularly the hinge region, may undergo force-induced unfolding and extend reversibly during actomyosin powerstroke.     

Synthesis of hapten and conjugates of coumestrol and development of immunoassay

3-O-Carboxymethylcoumestrol was prepared as the hapten for immunoassay by a partial alkylation of coumestrol with ethyl chloroacetate in acetone alkalized with potassium carbonate. 3-O-Ethoxycarbonylmethylcoumestrol was separated by column chromatography and finally was hydrolyzed with formic acid. 1H and 13C NMR data (APT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) revealed that the reaction was regioselective, as 3-O-ethoxycarboxymethylcoumestrol was the only monosubstituted derivative. The hapten was then conjugated to bovine serum albumin and used for immunization of rabbits. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) system was established based on the polyclonal antiserum and a 125I-labeled hapten-tyrosine methyl ester conjugate as the radioligand. Parameters of the RIA: sensitivity: 12 pg per tube, 50% intercept: 140 pg per tube, working range: 20-4000 pg per tube. The cross-reactivity of a panel isoflavonoid and lignan phytoestrogens was either negligible (e.g. formononetin 0.07%; biochanin A 0.06%) or not detectable at all. The major immunoreactive peak in HPLC fractions from an alfalfa extract had the same retention time as coumestrol standard and represented 94.8% of the signal. The remaining 5.2% of immunoreactivity was distributed between five minor peaks. We conclude that after the validation for particular matrices, the method will be a useful tool for analysis of coumestrol, especially in low volume and low concentration samples.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Effect of soil salinity and water stresses on growth and content of nitrogen,chloride and phosphate of wheat and triticale

Summary Three wheats and one triticale were grown, up to flowering stage, in pots on calcareous soil adjusted to a range of salinities (S₁=3.5, S₂=6, S₃=8.5, and S₄=11 mmhos/cm, 20°C, soilpaste extract) by adding solution consisting of 3∶2∶1 of Na-, Ca- and Mg chlorides in chemical equivalent amounts. Moisture in the pots was kept at 100% (W₁), 40% (W₂) and 20% (W₃) of the available water. The vegetative growth, nitrogen and phosphate were affected by S and W treatments, chloride was affected only by S. The interaction S×W affected only dry weight. Varietal effect was observed between wheat as a group and triticale. Multiple quadratic regression equations of these properties on salinity and water revealed that the higher the available water the wider the range of tolerable salinity. Triticale was relatively more tolerant to water stress. Salinity increases Cl and decreases N, whereas water stress enhances N accumulation to a certain extent. However, in triticale at S₃ and S₄ the effect of water stress on N was overshadowed by the excessive salinity. This did not occur for the wheat (Florence). P trends were described. R² for P was low (0.7435–0.3603) which made interpretations rather difficult.     

放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用和氮、碳吸收与转运的影响

研究放牧对草地植物生理活动的影响,对于揭示草地放牧演替的生理机制有重要意义.大量研究表明,家畜放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用以及C和N吸收与转运的影响,可以分为生理伤害和生理恢复2个阶段.放牧通过改变草地冠层结构影响牧草光合作用,净光合作用速率短期内迅速下降,随着叶面积指数增加又逐渐上升,呼吸作用有相似的变化趋势.牧草放牧后再生长所需的C和N最初主要来自根系和留茬中的贮藏物质,此后随着牧草生长恢复逐渐由同化作用供给,C代谢与土壤N水平负相关.放牧后牧草生理活动变化与牧草遗传特性、种间竞争、家畜放牧特征、非生物环境等因素密切相关.