实物模型在新课程生物中的应用

在实施素质教育的今天,实物模型是新课程生物学教学中极重要的教学工具。因为它能调动学生学习积极性,引导学生主动参与教学活动,对培养学生的学习兴趣和实践能力提高有重要的意义。     

Undergraduate research in a biotechnology teaching laboratory: expression and purification of a tyrosine kinase

The class consisted of senior molecular biology majors who had previously taken cell biology, microbiology, biochemistry and molecular biology lecture courses but who had little or no previous lab experience. These students were asked to design and create an expression vector and purify the expressed protein. This project provides the students with the opportunity to appreciate interconnections between experiments while learning the necessary techniques. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 359–363. Received 02 April 1999/ Accepted in revised form 10 November 1999     

The original biotechnology: brewing an undergraduate education

The increasing number of microbreweries and brewpubs and the popularity of homebrewing present a heady opportunity for undergraduate projects that blend together theory, practice and job opportunities in the realm of fermentation science. However, a perception of prohibitive regulation on campus and other concerns has led many instructors to abandon that most practical demonstration of fermentation, the production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We present our success in introducing fermentation using homebrewing in a microbiology laboratory. Virtually all fundamental topics of microbiology are remarkably easy to demonstrate with this project: growth and replication, physiology, limitation of growth by sterilization and other methods, competition, energy conservation and utilization, consequences and uses of mutations, and genetic engineering are among the topics which dovetail with this activity. Further, this activity also represents a natural introduction to a number of industrial topics: issues of scaling-up, pilot tests and environmental conditions. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 327–333. Received 07 March 1999/ Accepted in revised form 23 November 1999     

Primary literature as a basis for a high-school biology curriculum

Textbooks, research news from the media, and review articles from popular journals are the most common sources of texts used for high-school biology education. We attempted to adopt primary literature as a means of developing scientific literacy among high-school biology majors. For that purpose, we developed and implemented a primary literature-based curriculum in developmental biology. The process of adapting original research articles to the high-school level, as well as a conversational model developed for learning through research articles, are discussed.     

系统生物学与细胞发生系统动力学

系统生物学是系统理论和实验生物技术、计算机数学模型等方法整合的生物系统研究,系统遗传学研究基因组的稳态与进化、功能基因组和生物性状等复杂系统的结构、动态与发生演变等。合成生物学是系统生物学的工程应用,采用工程学方法、基因工程和计算机辅助设计等研究人工生物系统的生物技术。系统与合成生物学的结构理论,序列标志片段显示分析与微流控生物芯片,广泛用于研究细胞代谢、繁殖和应激的自组织进化、生物体形态发生等细胞分子生物系统原理等。     

Integrating developmental biology into the undergraduate curriculum at the University of Bath,United Kingdom

The undergraduate curriculum for bioscience degrees at the University of Bath is outlined, and the place is described of the developmental biology components within it. In the first year, all students receive four lectures on animal development and four on plant development. In the second year, many choose substantial lecture and practical courses on animal development, which outline the early development of Xenopus, mouse and Drosophila. The third year is usually spent on placement, with a company or research institute, a few of which are developmental biology-based, and may also involve some distance learning. The fourth year is spent back in Bath. Students interested in developmental biology can opt for advanced courses covering vertebrate organogenesis, developmental neurobiology and plant development. There are also one-semester, final-year projects spent in the labs of faculty members, several of whom specialise in developmental biology and offer projects accordingly.     

Spider senses - technical perfection and biology

This essay deals with sensory biology in a broad sense. It takes mechanosensory systems of spiders to illustrate a few basic issues. Particular attention is given to two aspects. 1. There is a remarkable “ingenuity” in the uptake and transformation of the adequate stimuli way out in the sensory periphery, which is reflected by an intimate relationship between the physical properties of the stimuli and the characteristics of the structures receiving and transforming them. We need to understand the details of this relationship in order to understand the relationship of an organism to its environment. 2. Sensory systems represent interfaces between the environment and behavior. As highly selective filters they have not evolved to provide abstract knowledge but to guide a particular behavior. The signals sent to the central nervous system are meaningful only in regard to their behavioral significance. – Some details of stimulus transformation in biological strain gauges (slit sensilla), airflow detectors (trichobothria) and touch receptors (tactile hairs) are described. Some of the refinement in the periphery is then meshed with the behavior of the whole organism. In this way the value shall be underlined of trying to understand reductionist details as building blocks of the complexity which enables an organism to behave in its own particular way in its species specific environment.     

The virtual workplace: integration of research approaches and fundamental skills into an upper level biology course

Undergraduate science education is based on a model developed in the decade following World War II. It has undergone no fundamental changes since then with courses that combine lectures and laboratory experiments. Traditional courses are typically based on individual performance and much of that performance is evaluated by tests and examinations. At the same time, the modern workplace has undergone revolutionary changes that are characterized by: interdisciplinary approaches; work in teams; the exponential growth of scientific information; the rapid turnover in projects; the need for continued retraining; multiple career tracks; the globalization of science and industry; and the pervasive use of electronic communications and information systems. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 310–313. Received 02 April 1999/ Accepted in revised form 01 January 2000     

生物技术在农业中的应用

简要阐述了生物技术发展的几个阶段,包括传统生物技术和新兴生物技术的发展状况,着重论述了生物技术在农业上的应用进展,将基因工程、细胞工程、发酵工程和酶工程的含义及其应用状况进行了描述,展望了生物技术在农业上的应用前景。     

Yeast systems biotechnology for the production of heterologous proteins

Systems biotechnology has been established as a highly potent tool for bioprocess development in recent years. The applicability to complex metabolic processes such as protein synthesis and secretion, however, is still in its infancy. While yeasts are frequently applied for heterologous protein production, more progress in this field has been achieved for bacterial and mammalian cell culture systems than for yeasts. A critical comparison between different protein production systems, as provided in this review, can aid in assessing the potentials and pitfalls of applying systems biotechnology concepts to heterologous protein producing yeasts. Apart from modelling, the methodological basis of systems biology strongly relies on postgenomic methods. However, this methodology is rapidly moving so that more global data with much higher sensitivity will be achieved in near future. The development of next generation sequencing technology enables an unexpected revival of genomic approaches, providing new potential for evolutionary engineering and inverse metabolic engineering.     

Integrating GIS-based environmental data into evolutionary biology

Many evolutionary processes are influenced by environmental variation over space and time, including genetic divergence among populations, speciation and evolutionary change in morphology, physiology and behaviour. Yet, evolutionary biologists have generally not taken advantage of the extensive environmental data available from geographic information systems (GIS). For example, studies of phylogeography, speciation and character evolution often ignore or use only crude proxies for environmental variation (e.g. latitude and distance between populations). Here, we describe how the integration of GIS-based environmental data, along with new spatial tools, can transform evolutionary studies and reveal new insights into the ecological causes of evolutionary patterns.     

Bringing the real world into the biology curriculum

This study followed a small but diverse group of biology teachers through the first two years of the pilot for a new Advanced Level Biology course - Salters-Nuffield Advanced Biology. SNAB aims to modernise A-level Biology using real world contexts and examples as the starting point, promoting conceptual understanding rather than factual recall, encouraging active learning and developing a capacity for critical thinking and reflection. If the teachers were to implement this new curriculum as intended they would have to change some of their usual practices. The challenges which they encountered and the ways in which they responded were identified through a series of semi-structured interviews with each teacher, supported by lesson observations and interviews with students and technicians. A major constraint on changing practice was uncertainty about how to manage new approaches effectively.     

贯彻新课程标准《改进实验室建设

新的生物课程标准对生物教学提出了新的要求,生物实验室的建设也必须做出相应的改变,使之更好地为新形势下的生物教学服务。     

结合分子生物学课程对大学生创新能力进行培养的尝试

大学教育应以建设创新型国家为己任,为培养创新型人才服务。根据分子生物学课程的特点,从课堂教学和实验教学两方面同时入手,结合教师的科研情况、学科的前沿动态以及引导学生进行课外阅读等几方面对学生的创新能力的培养进行尝试,取得良好效果。     

Using education as a public relations tool for biotechnology

The advances in the biotechnology industry, and in biosciences research are impressive by any measure, but it is not sufficient just to continue to make spectacular scientific breakthroughs. It is important that the general public is assisted to keep up with the pace of technological change. Some efforts have been made, but they have not been enough. A public relations strategy is required. The biotechnology industry needs to influence public opinion as well as lead discovery. The aims of a public relations campaign should not be just to inform and convince legislators and regulators, but should target the average consumer of the 21st century. There are two areas where the science community must direct its attention if the international public is to be brought along on this biotechnological odyssey: the compulsory school sector – including teachers, students and policy makers; and key sector groups that can be specifically targeted such as farmers, indigenous peoples, horticulturists, food sector people, health professionals, and in particular, the recently retired. If the potential of biotechnological advances is to be realised, scientists must be proactive in educating the general public. This will also involve educating the educators. No amount of public education will completely remove the opposition to genetic engineering, but with an educated public there is an increased opportunity for a fair debate and scare tactics, half-truths and innuendo will gain less traction.