十一五国家高技术研究发展计划“重大疾病的分子分型和个体化诊疗”重大项目布局及实施情况分析

简要分析了"十一五"期间国家高技术研究发展计划("863"计划)"重大疾病的分子分型和个体化诊疗"重大项目的课题设置及实施情况。分别从本项目研究方向及课题设置、课题承担单位及研究人员结构、课题完成情况及所取得的代表性研究成果等方面进行了具体分析和归纳总结,供广大科技工作者参考。     

十一五863计划"针对重大疾病的药物分子设计及产品开发"重点项目课题布局及实施情况分析

简要分析了"十一五"期间国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)"针对重大疾病的药物分子设计及产品开发"重点项目的课题设置及实施情况。分别从本重点项目研究方向及课题设置、课题承担单位及研究人员结构、课题完成情况及所取得的代表性研究成果等方面进行了具体分析和归纳总结,供广大科技工作者参考。     

Mitochondrial diseases and the role of the yeast models

Nowadays, mitochondrial diseases are recognized and studied with much attention and they cannot be considered anymore as 'rare diseases'. Yeast has been an instrumental organism to understand the genetic and molecular aspects of the many roles of mitochondria within the cells. Thanks to the general conservation of mitochondrial genes and pathways between human and yeast, it can also be used to model some diseases. In this review, we focus on the most recent topics, exemplifying those for which yeast models have been especially valuable.     

Therapeutic potential of type A (I) lantibiotics, a group of cationic peptide antibiotics

Type A (I) lantibiotics are cationic antimicrobial peptides that have a potential usefulness in treating infectious diseases. They are known to have a potent and broad spectrum of activity, an insignificant cytotoxicity, and demonstrated efficacy in animal infection models, suggesting therapeutic potential. In this review, topics pertaining to their basic structure, mode of bactericidal activity, pharmacology, and methods of manufacture are described.     

医学微生物学教学中《生物安全法》的引介

医学微生物学是医学生所学全部课程中与生物安全关系最密切的课程之一,新近颁布施行的《生物安全法》中有多个主题与医学微生物学内容密切相关。阐述了在医学微生物学教学过程中,通过引介《生物安全法》的相关主题引导学生总结新发突发传染病及动物源性传染病的概念、特点及危害,关注传染病的动物起源问题,了解生物恐怖、生物犯罪、微生物法医学的概念、特点及典型案例等,以此来巩固、加深及拓展学生对医学微生物学的理解和掌握,使学生逐渐树立起生物安全意识,从而提高教学效果。     

基因治疗研究进展

基因治疗研究的最新成就是非常鼓舞人心的,但是还有许多问题等待解决．首先回顾了近年来有关基因治疗的重要基础研究,包括基因导入技术的研究．后者是基础研究中最重要的课题之一,包括逆转录病毒载体和DNA病毒载体的应用,以及非病毒学方法．其次叙述了实验模型建立的研究．最后着重讨论了遗传病,癌症和其疾病的基因治疗的策略,特别着重在爱滋病和心血管疾病基因治疗的一些策略．     

The validity of general practitioners' self assessment of knowledge: cross sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether general practitioners can make accurate self assessments of their knowledge in specific areas. DESIGN: 67 general practitioners completed a self assessment of their level of knowledge over a variety of topics using a nine point semantic differential scale. An objective assessment of their knowledge was then made by administering true-false tests on two of the topics: thyroid disorders and non-insulin dependent diabetes. The study was repeated with another group of 60 general practitioners, using sexually transmitted diseases as the topic. SETTING: General practices in New Zealand. SUBJECTS: Random sample of 67 general practitioners in Auckland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Test scores for self assessment and for actual knowledge. RESULTS: Correlations between self assessments and test scores were poor for all three topics studied (r = 0.19 for thyroid disorders, 0.21 for non-insulin dependent diabetes, 0.19 for sexually transmitted diseases). CONCLUSIONS: As general practitioners cannot accurately assess their own level of knowledge on a given topic, professional development programmes that rely on the doctors'' self perceptions to assess their needs are likely to be seriously flawed.     

Finding complex biological relationships in recent PubMed articles using Bio-LDA

The overwhelming amount of available scholarly literature in the life sciences poses significant challenges to scientists wishing to keep up with important developments related to their research, but also provides a useful resource for the discovery of recent information concerning genes, diseases, compounds and the interactions between them. In this paper, we describe an algorithm called Bio-LDA that uses extracted biological terminology to automatically identify latent topics, and provides a variety of measures to uncover putative relations among topics and bio-terms. Relationships identified using those approaches are combined with existing data in life science datasets to provide additional insight. Three case studies demonstrate the utility of the Bio-LDA model, including association predication, association search and connectivity map generation. This combined approach offers new opportunities for knowledge discovery in many areas of biology including target identification, lead hopping and drug repurposing.     

HUPO BPP Workshop on Mouse Models for Neurodegeneration--Choosing the right models

The HUPO Brain Proteome Project met during the 4th Dutch Endo-Neuro-Psycho Meeting in Doorwerth, The Netherlands, on June 1, 2005, in order to discuss appropriate (mouse) models for neurodegenerative diseases as well as to conceptualise sophisticated proteomics analyses strategies. Here, the topics of the meeting are summarised.     

油茶研究现状与展望

油茶 （Camellia oleifera ）是在中国分布较广、栽培面积较大的重要的南方木本油料植物．概述了油茶的生物学特性,及在育种、种植、低产林改造、病虫害、传粉等相关方面的研究,并提出在油荼产业的发展过程中传粉研究的必要性及提高油茶经济效益的可行性．     

昆虫细胞生长之调控机制的探讨

细胞生长调控机制的探讨是近年来发育生物学中一个十分热门的研究领域。生物体内之细胞是如何得知何时该生长及分裂?何时该停止生长?何时该死亡?对生物体来说至关重大。研究显示调控细胞生长之信息传递系统出现差错,将导致生长异常,从而产生组织细胞之异常增生而诱发癌症或产生其它重大疾病。而人类也只有在充分理解细胞生长之机制的基础上,我们才能了解癌症等重大疾病发生的细胞生物学基础。在探讨细胞生长调控机制的研究中,昆虫特别是果蝇Drosophilamelanogaster一直是一个十分理想的实验材料。文章介绍了如何从昆虫看细胞之生长调控机制。     

Protein folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum: Recent lessons from yeast and mammalian cell systems

The evolution of eukaryotes was accompanied by an increased need for intracellular communication and cellular specialization. Thus, a more complex collection of secreted and membrane proteins had to be synthesized, modified, and folded. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) thereby became equipped with devoted enzymes and associated factors that both catalyze the production of secreted proteins and remove damaged proteins. A means to modify ER function to accommodate and destroy misfolded proteins also evolved. Not surprisingly, a growing number of human diseases are linked to various facets of ER function. Each of these topics will be discussed in this article, with an emphasis on recent reports in the literature that employed diverse models.     

Neutrophil programming dynamics and its disease relevance

Neutrophils are traditionally considered as first responders to infection and provide antimicrobial host defense. However, recent advances indicate that neutrophils are also critically involved in the modulation of host immune environments by dynamically adopting distinct functional states. Functionally diverse neutrophil subsets are increasingly recognized as critical components mediating host pathophysiology. Despite its emerging significance, molecular mechanisms as well as functional relevance of dynamically programmed neutrophils remain to be better defined. The increasing complexity of neutrophil functions may require integrative studies that address programming dynamics of neutrophils and their pathophysiological relevance. This review aims to provide an update on the emerging topics of neutrophil programming dynamics as well as their functional relevance in diseases.     

T-type calcium channels: the never ending story

T-type, or low-voltage-activated (LVA), tiny and transient Ca2+ currents pare more and more recognised as universal players in a plethora of cell functions and are also more and more connected to several diseases. This short introduction reviews the discovery of T-type Ca2+ channels, describes its basic properties and sketches its cloning and physiological impact. Finally, an overview is given how research on T-type Ca2+ channels has developed in the last years and in which topics it is branching out, a process, which is still ongoing.     

三七总皂苷抗肝纤维化作用机制的研究进展

肝纤维化是各种慢性肝病共同的病理基础,是慢性肝病发展到肝硬化、肝癌的必经途径。寻找有效的抗肝纤维化药物是近年研究的热点,其中对三七的研究也取得了很大进展。现综述近几年三七皂苷在保护肝细胞、抑制肝星形细胞活化、促进肝星形细胞凋亡、抑制细胞外基质的合成及促使其降解等方面的作用及可能机制,同时也阐述了三七总皂苷在抗肝纤维化中的重要意义及应用前景。     

Proceedings of the signature series event of the international society for cellular therapy: “Advancements in cellular therapies and regenerative medicine in digestive diseases,” London,United Kingdom,May 3, 2017

A summary of the First Signature Series Event, “Advancements in Cellular Therapies and Regenerative Medicine for Digestive Diseases,” held on May 3, 2017, in London, United Kingdom, is presented. Twelve speakers from three continents covered major topics in the areas of cellular therapy and regenerative medicine applied to liver and gastrointestinal medicine as well as to diabetes mellitus. Highlights from their presentations, together with an overview of the global impact of digestive diseases and a proposal for a shared online collection and data-monitoring platform tool, are included in this proceedings. Although growing evidence demonstrate the feasibility and safety of exploiting cell-based technologies for the treatment of digestive diseases, regulatory and methodological obstacles will need to be overcome before the successful implementation in the clinic of these novel attractive therapeutic strategies.     

Steroid sulfatase inhibitors: a review covering the promising 2000-2010 decade

The steroid sulfatase (STS) plays a major role in the regulation of steroid hormone concentrations in several human tissues and target organs and therefore, represents an interesting target to regulate estrogen and androgen levels implicated in different diseases. In this review article, the emphasis is put on STS inhibitors reported in the fruitful 2000-2010 decade, which consolidated the first ones that were previously developed (1990-1999). The inhibitors reviewed are divided into four categories according to the fact that they are sulfamoylated or not or that they have a steroid nucleus or not. Other topics such as function, localization, structure and mechanism as well as applications of STS inhibitors are also briefly discussed to complement the information on this crucial steroidogenic enzyme and its inhibitors.     

Internet-based course on pulmonary pathophysiology

A course of seven video lectures on pulmonary pathophysiology has been placed on the internet. This is a companion to the course on respiratory physiology available at http://meded.ucsd.edu/ifp/jwest/. That course dealt with normal respiratory physiology, and the new lectures are about the function of the diseased lung. The topics covered include pulmonary function tests, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and localized airway obstruction, restrictive lung diseases, pulmonary vascular diseases, environmental or industrial lung diseases (with a short section on neoplastic and infectious diseases), and respiratory failure. Although it could be argued that PhD physiologists do not have a responsibility for teaching pathophysiology, collaborative teaching has become increasingly common in medical schools where, for example, a pulmonary block includes both normal respiratory physiology and some pulmonary pathophysiology. It is hoped that these lectures will be useful to physiologists in that setting.