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We studied the correlation between pathogenicity and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) type, which was determined
by polymerase chain reaction-based RFLP analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA, in the willow
leaf rust fungi Melampsora epitea and M. humilis. Eighteen clones of eight Salix species were inoculated with urediniospores from seven collections of the two rust species. M. epitea and M. humilis (RFLP type-5 collections) were pathogenic to six to eight Salix species. RFLP type-7 collections of M. epitea were pathogenic to only two Salix species. The taxonomic relationships of the two rust species are discussed.
Received: December 11, 2002 / Accepted: February 17, 2003
RID="*"
ID="*" Contribution no. 179, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of
Tsukuba, Japan
Acknowledgments We thank K. Katsuya, former professor at the University of Tsukuba, for his encouragement in this study. We are also grateful
to M. Yashima, Botanical Garden, University of Tohoku, for his assistance in collecting materials and to R. Suzuki, University
of Tsukuba, for providing a rust isolate. 相似文献
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Seven species of the genus Lophiostoma were the subject of this study. Among these, Lophiostoma mucosum is described and illustrated as a new species. All other species, L. macrostomum, L. semiliberum, L. arundinis, L. caulium, L. caudatum, and L. winteri, are reported for the first time in Japan. A key to the species of Lophiostoma in Japan is given.
Received: August 5, 2002 / Accepted: November 28, 2002
Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr. Hideki Takahashi (curator of SAPA) for the loan of fungal material.
Correspondence to:Y. Harada 相似文献
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Twelve species of the genus Massarina collected from Japan are reported in this article. Among them, 4 new species, M. constricta, M. japonica, M. submediana, and M. uniserialis, are described, illustrated, and compared to similar species. Two species, M. scirpina and M. ryukyuensis, are described as new combination, and 4 species, M. arundinariae, M. fluviatilis, M. peerallyi, and M. rubi, are reported from Japan for the first time. One bambusicolous species, Metasphaeria tuberculosa, is considered to be a synonym of Massarina bambusina.
Received: December 13, 2002 / Accepted: February 6, 2003
Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr. Shuhei Tanaka, curator of YAM (Yamaguchi University), for the loan of specimens for this study. 相似文献
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Chlamydospores of Entoloma clypeatum f. hybridum were described on the mycorrhizas and rhizomorphs associated with Rosa multiflora. Their developmental pattern seems to be the Nyctalis type. This is the first report on chlamydospore formation on the mycorrhizae in entolomatoid fungi.
Received: January 17, 2002 / Accepted: November 5, 2002
Acknowledgments K.H. is grateful to Emeritus Professor N. Sagara in Kyoto University, in whose laboratory part of this study was undertaken.
Thanks are due to Mr. D. Sakuma for allowing the specimens to be kept in Osaka Museum of Natural History.
Correspondence to:H. Kobayashi 相似文献
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Two Exobasidium species causing Exobasidium leaf blister on Rhododendron spp. are described. An Exobasidium leaf blister on Rhododendron yedoense var. yedoense f. yedoense has been recognized in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, since the first report was issued in 1950. The causal fungus is identified
with Exobasidium dubium from the morphology of its hymenial structure and mode of germination of the basidiospores. Another Exobasidium leaf blister
on Rhododendron dauricum has been observed in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. In comparison with morphology based on hymenial structure and mode of germination
of the basidiospores of the 100 validly described taxa, this fungus differs from those known taxa in the size of basidia and
basidiospores, the numbers of sterigmata and septa of basidiospores, and the mode of germination of basidiospores. Thus, a
new species, Exobasidium miyabei, is established and illustrated.
Received: February 13, 2002 / Accepted: September 25, 2002
Present address: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
Acknowledgments We profoundly appreciate the cooperation of Dr. V. Melnik in providing Russian papers and Dr. L. Vasilyeva for translating
them into English. We thank Prof. H. Takahashi for loaning the materials in the Herbarium of the Hokkaido University Museum
and Dr. W. Abe, Graduate School of Science, University of Hokkaido, for his kind help with the sampling of R. dauricum in Teshikaga, Hokkaido Prefecture. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (No. 13460019),
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).
Contribution No. 171, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba.
Correspondence to:M. Kakishima 相似文献
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A new species of Erysiphe sect. Uncinula is described and illustrated from Patagonia, Argentina. Erysiphe patagoniaca sp. nov., found on leaves of Nothofagus × antarctica, is similar to E. nothofagi and E. kenjiana, but differs in its appendages being twisted throughout their length and the number of appendages, asci, and ascospores.
The two endemic species of Erysiphe sect. Uncinula, E. magellanica and E. nothofagi, coexisted on the same leaves together with Erysiphe patagoniaca.
Received: September 19, 2002 / Accepted: November 28, 2002
Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Ms. Seiko Niinomi for providing the micrographs of ascomata of Erysiphe spp. on Nothofagus.
Correspondence to:S. Takamatsu 相似文献
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Summary. The paper describes two methods of the synthesis of ethyl (3R,4S)- and (3S,4S)-4-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino]-5-[(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino]-3-hydroxypentanoates, useful for the syntheses of edeine analogs. Differently N-protected (S)-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid was used as a substrate in both procedures. The absolute configuration of newly generated asymmetric
carbon atoms C-3 in β-hydroxy-γ,δ-diamino products was assigned by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy after their transformation into corresponding piperidin-2-ones.
Received May 24, 2002 Accepted October 10, 2002 Published online December 18, 2002
Acknowledgment The authors are indebted to the Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Gdańsk for financial support.
Authors' address: Zbigniew Czajgucki, M. Sc., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University
of Gdańsk, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland, Fax +48 58 347 11 44, E-mail: zmczaj@wp.pl 相似文献
10.
Woody substrates were collected from the Koito River in Japan, and the biodiversity of fungi on these substrates was investigated.
Twenty-eight species were identified, comprising 12 ascomycete and 16 anamorphic taxa. The common fungi included Chaetosphaeria sp., Ophioceras commune, Pseudohalonectria lignicola, and Savoryella lignicola. The occurrence of fungi on submerged wood is discussed, and three interesting taxa – Pseudohalonectria lignicola, Bactrodesmium arnaudii, and B. pallidum – are described and illustrated.
Received: August 19, 2002 / Accepted: November 25, 2002
Acknowledgments We are grateful to the financial support of the Special Coordination Fund for Promoting Science and Technology from the Ministry
of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. Profs. K. Nishimura and M. Miyaji are thanked for scientific
invitation and assistance in Chiba, Japan. Dr. Norio Hayashi from the Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, is thanked
for providing physicochemical data for the Koito River. Y.M. Leung and M.H. Ng are thanked for technical assistance.
Correspondence to:C.K.M. Tsui 相似文献
11.
Annulatascus joannae, A. lactus, and A. tropicalis are described and illustrated from decaying woody substrata in freshwater habitats in Hong Kong. Annulatascus joannae is distinguished by ellipsoidal and thick-walled ascospores whereas A. lacteus has milky ascomata and A. tropicalis has relatively large, fusiform, 1–3-septate ascospores. Annulatascus biatriisporus is reported as a new record in Hong Kong. A key to and a synoptic table of Annulatascus species are provided.
Received: December 14, 2001 / Accepted: July 5, 2002
Acknowledgments C.K.M. Tsui and V.M. Ranghoo are grateful to The University of Hong Kong for the award of postgraduate studentships. A.Y.P.
Lee, M.H. Ng, and M.Y. Chan are thanked for photographic and technical assistance.
Correspondence to:C.K.M. Tsui 相似文献
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Five species of the genus Lophiotrema are reported in this article. Of these, Lophiotrema vitigenum is described and illustrated as a new species. Three species, L. nucula, L. neohysterioides, and L. vagabundum, are newly added to the Japanease mycoflora. Lophiosphaera orientalis, Nodulosphaeria araucariae, and N. rosae, which had been recorded in Japan, are treated as synonyms of Lophiotrema fuckelii. A key to the species of Lophiotrema in Japan is given.
Received: October 9, 2002 / Accepted: January 20, 2003
Acknowledgments We are grateful to Drs. Shuhei Tanaka (curator of YAM) and Ken Katumoto for the loan of fungal material.
Correspondence to:K. Tanaka 相似文献
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The pollination of one plant species can be facilitated by the presence of one or more neighboring plant species and evidence
has been found in some rewardless species of orchid that benefit from the presence of rewarding plant species in the neighborhood.
There are two pollination mechanisms by which a non-rewarding orchid attracts pollinators and increases its reproductive success:
(1) A magnetic species effect that occurs even though the flowers do not resemble those of the other species, and (2) floral
mimicry where the mimic’s flower resembles that of the model plant species. Oncidium cosymbephorum is a Mexican rewardless epiphytic orchid whose flowers look like those of the rewarding shrub Malpighia glabra (Malpighiaceae). The resemblance of O. cosymbephorum to the oil-offering flowers of M. glabra attracts the same pollinators, and the fitness of the orchid is higher when M. glabra is present than when it is absent. We evaluated the facilitation by M. glabra of the orchid’s pollination for natural and artificial clumps of O. cosymbephorum close to and far from M. glabra over 4 years. Two experiments were performed at five different study sites to evaluate the effect of the presence and absence
of M. glabra on the reproductive success of O. cosymbephorum. In experiment 1, we recorded fruit set production in natural and artificial monospecific clumps of the orchid, and in natural
and artificial heterospecific clumps of O. cosymbephorum and M. glabra. In experiment 2, we recorded the fruit set of O. cosymbephorum at different sites where individuals grow in monospecific clumps, both before and after cultivated individuals of oil-producing
M. glabra had been planted in their vicinity. Both experiments showed that the reproductive success of O. cosymbephorum was greater in the presence of M. glabra than it was in its absence. This study provides experimental evidence for the magnetic species effect. Floral similarity
between O. cosymbephorum and M. glabra, should be experimentally tested to determine whether it is adaptive. 相似文献
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Umbelopsis gibberispora is described as a new species in the genus Umbelopsis, Umbelopsidaceae, Mucorales. The species differs from others in this genus by ellipsoidal sporangiospores with unilaterally
thickened walls. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nLSU rDNA) partial sequences suggest
that U. gibberispora, U. swartii, and U. westeae form a clade together with the strains of Umbelopsis ramanniana. The ex-type strain of Micromucor ramannianus var. angulisporus is found to be very close to Umbelopsis vinacea, whereas other isolates identified under the former name in the sense of Linnemann fall in the U. ramanniana subclade. For these isolates, a new species, Umbelopsis angularis, is introduced. Phylogenetic relationships among Umbelopsis species are discussed related to their attributes of the sporangial wall and mature spore shapes.
Received: August 27, 2002 / Accepted: March 11, 2003
Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Takashi Ohsono, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan, for providing the strain of U. gibberispora (CBS 109328). We also thank Dr. Wieland Meyer, University of Sydney, Australia for access to the phylogenetic tree based
on ITS sequence data before publishing, and Dr. Richard C. Summerbell, Centraalbureau von Schimmelcultures, the Netherlands,
for linguistic corrections. 相似文献
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Isopods Asellus hilgendorfi were collected from a small lake in northern Japan and examined to determine whether their body size and reproduction were
affected by infection with larval acanthocephalans (Acanthocephalus sp.). Seasonal changes in the breeding ratio of isopods and the prevalence of larval acanthocephalan infection showed a reverse
trend. Acanthocephalan larvae occurred mainly in males and immature females and were rarely found in mature females. In late
immature females, the body size, as indicated by the width of the pleotelson, of infected isopods was significantly larger
than that of uninfected ones. These results suggest that acanthocephalans can prevent female isopods from attaining sexual
maturity and increasing their body size.
Received: January 9, 2002 / Accepted: December 16, 2002
Acknowledgments We thank Professor Shōichi Saito, Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, for his encouragement of the present study.
Thanks are also due to the Iwasaki Village Office and the Fukaura Forestry Office for giving us permission for the survey.
Correspondence to:A. Ohtaka 相似文献