不同种源山桐子果实脂肪酸组成变异分析

以采自11个种源的山桐子为材料,测定其果实脂肪酸的组成及其变异情况,结果表明：山桐子果实中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,尤以亚油酸含量最高,11个种源的平均值为63．58％,且种源间差异显著,分宜、宜昌种源亚油酸相对含量明显高于其他9个种源;饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸为主,11个种源山桐子果实棕榈酸差异显著,且以平武种源最高;其余脂肪酸含量均较低,变异幅度较大;种子中棕榈酸和棕榈烯酸含量明显高于果肉,而亚油酸、亚麻酸及硬脂酸含量明显低于果肉,油酸含量相近：果实不饱和脂肪酸含量依次为果肉〉全果〉种子,且变异系数及相对极差均较小,尤以果肉中最小;除硬脂酸外,山桐子果实中其他4种主要脂肪酸组分受海拔等地理环境的影响均较小。     

斜生褐孔菌多糖组分的纯化及其生物活性研究

对斜生褐孔菌子实体和菌丝体的多糖含量进行了测定,二者多糖含量分别为2.63%和2.12%。运用DEAE Sephacel和Sephadex G-200柱层析技术从子实体中纯化出B1、B2、B31和B32四种多糖组分,分别占子实体多糖总量的50.20%、32.25%、4.48%和6.61%;从菌丝体中纯化出M1、M2和M3三种多糖组分,分别占菌丝体多糖总量的48.23%、31.85%和10.91%。生物活性试验结果显示:七种纯化多糖组分的抗氧化性由强到弱依次为B1>M1>M2>B2>M3>B32>B31;B2和M2具有在体外抑制人体白血病细胞株K-562和肝癌SMMC772l细胞株生长的作用;B31、B32和M3具有降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖的作用,而且对健康小鼠的血糖值并无影响。     

百合属5种植物的比较转录组分析

百合属植物是多年生的宿根草本植物,具有重要的观赏价值,有的种可食用也可药用。本研究对百合属4种植物(细叶百合、川百合、卷丹和百合)花的转录组进行测序,并结合前期的野百合的转录组数据进行比较转录组分析,鉴别花发育相关基因。并筛选出5种植物的直系同源基因,进而检测正选择基因,分析它们对环境的适应性。通过组装分别在细叶百合、川百合、卷丹以及百合花中获得了44565、51413、41638和44716个unigene。为了了解unigene功能信息,将其在公共数据库中进行比对和注释,发现了13个花发育相关基因。另外,在5个物种间共获得8247对直系同源基因,并计算其Ka、Ks及Ka/Ks值。在5个物种中有33对直系同源基因受到了强烈的正选择作用,随后对其进行GO、KEGG功能富集分析及基因功能注释,发现这些基因主要是与抗性以及生物合成相关的基因。     

杜仲优系有效成分性状稳定性与增长率的研究

采用多项有效成分含量分析方法选择种源区和优良类型。在此基础上选择优树,繁殖无性系,建立无性系测定林,并采用多项有效成分含量和生长量（产量）指标的一、二级模糊综合评判方法,初选出14个优良无性系,1997年春季布设汉中、杨陵、咸阳3个区域试验点进行区域栽培设计。2001年6月中旬收集材料,对各区试点优良无性系的有效成分进行了测定和模糊综合评判;提出了有效成分性状增长率的概念;分析和计算了优良无性系有效成分的性状稳定性和增长率,筛选出有效成分含量高且性状稳定的优良无性系G2、X11、L45、L0、L1。     

南海海军部队特发性瘙痒症患者皮肤马拉色菌定植调查

目的研究南海海军部队特发性皮肤瘙痒症患者皮肤马拉色菌的检出以及菌种的构成,探讨马拉色菌与特发性瘙痒症之间的相关性。方法对采自56例特发性瘙痒症患者与50例健康者的鳞屑标本进行真菌学镜检及采用菜子油培养基培养,根据菌落形态和生理生化特点进行菌种鉴定。结果观察组与对照组镜检阳性率分别为74．10％和72．00％,X2=0．344,P〉0．05两者比较无统计学意义。而镜检马拉色菌孢子密度Ⅲ级以上（每10个高倍视野≥50个者）,观察组与对照组分别为74．70％和38．89％,X2=20．30,P〈0．01。两者统计学比较差异有显著性意义。观察组168份标本共分离出143株马拉色菌,阳性率85．12％。其中合轴马拉色菌97株（67．83％）,球形马拉色菌26株（18．18％）,糠秕马拉色菌19株（13．29％）,钝形马拉色菌1株（0．70％）。对照组分离出马拉色菌107株,阳性率71．33％;其中糠秕马拉色菌55株（51．40％）,合轴马拉色菌33株（30．84％）,球形马拉色菌14株（13．08％）,钝形马拉色菌5株（4．67％）。菌种检出率和菌种构成差异均有显著性（X2=2．99,P〈0．01和7。X2=51.16,P〈0．01）。结论南海海军部队特发性瘙痒症患者皮肤马拉色菌载量较正常人高,其优势菌是合轴马拉色菌。     

微卫星PCR产物变性与非变性PAGE-银染检测方法的比较

用鸡的微卫星引物对6个中国地方鸡种的两个微卫星位点进行PCR扩增。将扩增产物在变性与非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（PAGE）上进行电泳,经银染,表明微卫星产物在二者上的电泳结果有明显的差异。在非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中,表现为有较多的非特异带,而在变性胶中微卫星扩增产物条带清晰,易于鉴定。Abstract：The genomic DNAs from six chicken breeds in China were amplified using two microsatellite primers. The PCR products were detected by non-denatured and denatured PAGE gels respectively, and the gels were dyed by silver. There were distinct differences between the two kinds of gel. In non-denatured gels. There were many nonspecific bands while clear purposed bands were showed in denatured gels.     

N-糖基化对乙型脑炎病毒prME和NS1基因免疫效果影响的研究

prME和NS1为乙型脑炎病毒两个主要的免疫保护蛋白,且均为N-糖蛋白。为研究N-糖基化对乙型脑炎病毒免疫保护的作用,本研究用PCR介导的定点突变方法,分别消除乙型脑炎病毒prME和NS1基因的不同N-糖基化位点,并构建了prME和NS1突变基因的真核表达质粒。将质粒免疫四周龄雌性小白鼠,经两次免疫后,采集血清检测体液免疫反应,最后对小鼠用强毒进行攻击,观察并记录免疫保护力。研究结果显示,与野生型prME基因免疫组相比,消除单个糖基化位点后prME基因诱导的ELISA抗体、中和抗体和免疫保护力均略有升高,而同时消除两个糖基化位点的则会降低。NS1基因消除单个糖基化位点后保护率高达到100%,但消除两个糖基化位点后则免疫保护率略有降低(75%)。通过本研究证明,N-糖基化在维系乙型脑炎病毒prME和NS1蛋白的免疫保护中具有重要的作用,单个糖基化的缺失可增强蛋白的免疫原性,而两个糖基都缺失后,则造成了免疫效率的降低。     

新疆5种丛藓科植物的解剖学研究

运用石蜡切片和电镜扫描技术,对5种丛藓科植物的茎、叶进行了解剖学研究。结果表明:短叶对齿藓Didymodon tectorus(C.Müll.)Saito.整个茎细胞的细胞壁均加厚,叶细胞壁凹陷呈网状,角质层纹饰条状、鳞片状和颗粒状;卷叶丛本藓Anoectangium thomsonii Mitt.茎表皮及中轴细胞壁厚,叶表面的粗疣粗糙、密集,疣上还有小孔和鳞片状纹饰;山赤藓Syntrichia ruralis(Hedw.)Web.Mohr.茎皮部细胞质浓,叶片背腹两面均密被鹿角状疣,疣上有层层叠加状纹饰和乳突;无疣墙藓Tortula mucronifolia Schweagr.茎横切面呈长圆形,叶细胞壁薄,无疣,叶背面细胞表皮较粗糙,叶腹面细胞表皮较光滑,角质层纹饰稀疏且短;长叶纽藓Tortella tortuosa(Hedw.)Limpr.茎表皮细胞壁强烈凹陷,叶细胞表面密被粗疣,疣上的角质层纹饰呈不规则鳞片状。丛藓科植物茎及叶的微观特征,为该科植物属、种的鉴定提供了重要的分类依据。     

两种血吸虫病DNA疫苗的候选抗原基因研究

目的：以日本血吸虫基因SjFABP和SjGST原核表达产物检测二价DNA疫苗pVIVO2-SjFABP-SjGST在体内诱发的特异性抗体。方法：克隆日本血吸虫抗原基因SjFABP和sjGST,构建重组原核表达载体pET30a-SjFABP、pET30a-SjGST及真核表达载体pVIVO2-SjFABP-SjGST;将pET30a-SjFABP和pET30a-sjGST进行原核表达,并将表达产物用镍亲和柱分离纯化;采用Western印迹对日本血吸虫DNA疫苗pVIVO2-SjFABP-SjGST免疫4周后的BALB／c小鼠血清进行特异性抗体检测。结果：克隆了日本血吸虫抗原基因SjFABP（399bp）和町GST（657bp）,并构建了pET30a-SjFABP、pET30a-SjGST及pVIVO2-SjFABP-SjGST重组质粒;经Western印迹检测,pET30a-SjFABP及pET30a-SjGST原核表达的抗原蛋白均能够与经日本血吸虫二价DNA疫苗pVIVO2-SjFABP-SjGST免疫的小鼠的血清产生特异性免疫反应。结论：日本血吸虫町尉即和町GST基因的原核表达系统成功建立;原核表达的抗原蛋白具有免疫原性;以原核表达产物可检测日本血吸虫DNA疫苗pVIVO2-SiFABP-SiGST在体内诱发的特异性抗体。     

猪苓营养菌丝与栽培菌核蛋白质成分的分析

对猪苓(Polyporus umbellate)营养菌丝与栽培菌核中蛋白质的氨基酸种类及含量进行了测定。结果表明,猪苓营养菌丝中各物质质量分数是:粗蛋白325.9g·kg-1,必需氨基酸总量34.924 g·kg-1,氨基酸总量91.956 g·kg-1;栽培菌核中各物质质量分数是:粗蛋白49.1 g·kg-1,必需氨基酸总量8.465 g·kg-1,氨基酸总量35.847 g·kg-1。营养菌丝中所含粗蛋白、氨基酸的量显著高于栽培菌核中粗蛋白、氨基酸的量。     

Long-Term Storage of Bacteriophages of Lactic Streptococci

Four phage strains representing phages of Streptococcus lactis, S. cremoris, and S. diacetilactis were selected for the observation of the effect of cold storage on their viability. Phages were stored at 4 C and at -18 C, or were frozen at approximately -70 C and stored at -18 C. They were found to display a high degree of stability with these storage methods. The same phage strains showed good stability to storage at room temperature for 3 weeks after thawing and also to alternate freezing and thawing eight times. Three series consisting of from 23 to 31 lactic streptococcal phage preparations were observed over periods extending up to 6 years, and with only a few exceptions were found to store satisfactorily at -18 C after quick freezing. Although the same phage preparations stored at 4 C were generally somewhat less stable, many were stable when stored by both methods.     

Vitrification of human islets of Langerhans

Cryopreservation of human islets of Langerhans by vitrification was studied. Isolated islets were divided into four groups: (1) control islets which were cultured for 6 days, (2) islets which were vitrified after 2 days of culture, (3) control islets which were cultured for 10-13 days, and (4) islets which were vitrified after 6-9 days of culture. After warming, islets from groups 2 and 4 were cultured for 4 days. The thus treated islets were investigated with respect to insulin secretion in the presence of 2.5 or 25 mM glucose, capacity to survive during postwarming culture, and morphology. The insulin secretion in islets from all groups could be stimulated by an increase of the concentration of glucose from 2.5 to 25 mM. No significant differences were observed between the insulin secretions of the vitrified and control islets or between the islets vitrified after 2 and 6-9 days of culture. It is concluded that human islets of Langerhans cryopreserved by vitrification are functional in vitro.     

海南文昌汉族体质特征

在海南文昌市调查了城市汉族315例(男为150例, 女为165例)和乡村汉族407例(男为216例, 女为191例)成人的73项体质指标, 计算了25项体质指数, 统计了指数分型情况, 与我国族群资料进行了比较, 对海南文昌汉族体质特征进行了初步分析。结果显示: 1)文昌汉族有上眼睑皱褶, 蒙古褶欠发达,眼裂窄且多呈眼外角高, 鼻根高度中等, 直鼻梁, 鼻基部上翘, 鼻翼高度中等, 鼻孔最大径斜位, 鼻翼宽, 耳垂多为圆形、三角形, 上唇皮肤部高度中等, 红唇较厚, 发色黑, 肤色、眼色较深。2)文昌汉族男女性均为特圆头型、高头型、中头型、中鼻型。男性还为中面型, 女性还为狭面型。3)文昌汉族男女性均为长躯干型、中胸型、中肩型、中骨盆型, 男性还为中腿型, 女性还为亚短腿型。文昌汉族城市、乡村的男性与女性身高均属于中等身材。4)文昌汉族头面部特征更接近于我国蒙古人种北亚类型族群。从体部指标来看。文昌汉族介于北亚类型族群与南亚类型族群之间, 更接近于北亚类型族群。     

念珠菌性包皮龟头炎56例临床分析

目的 了解念珠菌性包皮龟头炎的临床特点、诱发因素、菌种分布及治疗.方法 对本院性病门诊中确诊的56例念珠菌性包皮龟头炎患者的临床和实验室资料进行回顾性分析,总结临床特征、诱发因素、菌种分布及治疗经验.结果 56例念珠菌性包皮龟头炎发病平均年龄(34.11±9.92)岁,25～ 40岁青年人占67.9％ (38/56);包皮过长者87.5％ (49/56),有糖尿病史14.29％ (8/56).56例患者念珠菌培养阳性48人(85.71％),共分离到49株念珠菌,其中白念珠菌44株(91.84％),近平滑念珠菌4例(8.16％).所有患者予舍他康唑乳膏外用,5例症状严重患者联合伊曲康唑口服,76.79％(43/56)的患者获得临床和真菌学治愈,1个月后随访无复发.结论 念珠菌性包皮龟头炎好发于青年人,白念珠菌仍是其最常见的病原菌,外用舍他康唑乳膏临床获得较好的疗效,为提高治愈率和避免再感染,治疗期间应避免性行为.     

Light microscopic study of blood vessels of the nasal cavity of the pig

4 adult pigs were used for light microscopic studies to depict the relationship between nasal blood vessels and the surface epithelium, and to describe the histomorphology of these vessels. After giving an electric shock, animals were bled to death. Tissues were collected from three regions in the nasal cavity after splitting heads sagitally. Different types of vessels were described and a new classification was suggested. Arteries were muscular in type with, as well as without, internal elastic laminae. Thick-walled veins (characterized by smooth muscle cells in the tunica media) were present throughout the nasal cavity, while thin-walled veins or cavernous spaces were discernible only in the caudal one third of the nasal cavity. Further, arteriovenous anastomoses, epithelioid arterioles, and free smooth muscle cells in the propria submucosa were observed throughout the nasal cavity.     

90例弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的分子遗传学及预后意义初探

目的：分析90例弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL）的临床病理学特征及其临床意义。方法：收集90例DLBCL石蜡包埋组织标本及预后资料,采用免疫组织化学技术及间期荧光原位杂交（Fluorescence in situ Hybridization,FISH）技术研究其免疫表型和分子遗传学特征。结果：本组病例中,70例原发于淋巴结外,20例原发于淋巴结。根据Hans模型,42.2%（38/90）的DLBCL起源于生发中心B细胞（GC）,57.8%（52/90）起源于非生发中心B细胞（Non-GC）。IGH、bcl-6、bcl-2及c-myc基因易位的阳性率分别为33.3%（30/90）、22.2%（20/90）、4.4%（4/90）和3.3%（3/90）;bcl-2、bcl-6、c-myc及IGH基因多拷贝的阳性率分别为51.1%（46/90）,40%（36/90）、30%（27/90）和14.4%（13/90）。20例bcl-6基因易位的DLBCL中,14例为Non-GC起源,6例为GC起源;4例bcl-2基因易位的病例中,3例为GC起源,1例为Non-GC起源;3例c-myc基因易位的病例中,2例为GC起源,1例为Non-GC起源。结外DLBCL的IGH基因易位的阳性率高于结内者（P〈0.05）;结内DLBCL的c-myc基因多拷贝的阳性率高于结外者（P〈0.05）。本组29例有随访结果的病例显示,IGH、bcl-6、bcl-2及c-myc基因易位及多拷贝与预后无明显相关（P〉0.05）。结论：本组DLBCL总的分子遗传学异常率（包括因易位及拷贝数的异常）为82.2%,其中以bcl2多拷贝（51.1%）最为多见。不存在IGH、bcl-6、bcl-2及c-myc基因异常,不能除外DLBCL的诊断。少部分DLBCL中存在Burrkitt淋巴瘤特征性的c-myc基因易位。IGH、bcl-2、bcl-6及c-myc基因易位及拷贝数的异常在DLBCL中不具有的预后判定意义。     

星状雪兔子植物叶的解剖结构对高山环境的适应性

对青藏高原东缘两个不同居群的星状雪兔子植物叶的结构进行了显微观察,观察结果表明:两种不同居群植物的叶片类型均为等面叶,表皮细胞单层,角质层厚,表皮细胞形状为多边形,垂周壁平直或弓形。生于海拔2850m处的星状雪兔子植物,叶片厚度为330.66μm,上表皮气孔密度为106.75,下表皮气孔密度为144.79;海拔2890m处的星状雪兔子植物,叶片厚度为537.07μm,上表皮气孔密度为53.6,下表皮气孔密度为77.30。两种植物叶片类型虽然均为等面叶,但明显表现为两种不同的生态类型,这表明了星状雪兔子植物的叶在无表皮毛保护的情况下对高山环境的适应性并不是单一的。     

辣椒雄性不育系与可育系小孢子发生的细胞学观察

为了探讨辣椒雄性不育花药败育时期和方式,以辣椒雄性不育系1442A、13733A及其可育系为试材,进行了研究。结果发现：败育现象从造孢细胞时期以后每个阶段都有发生,败育形式有造孢细胞液泡化、畸形、拉长、细胞间隙大;绒毡层细胞径向过度伸长,高度液泡化,且出现多层细胞,严重挤压小孢子母细胞,解体较晚且充塞花粉囊室;薄壁细胞取代了药室内壁、中层、绒毡层和小孢子母细胞的分化;药室内壁、中层层数增加,绒毡层细胞肥大,造孢细胞或花粉母细胞分解解体;由于花粉母细胞胼胝质壁不降解而无法释放出四分体小孢子;染色浅、细胞质被降解成空壳的单核期小孢子因缺乏营养物质而败育。     

Chemoreception of amino acids in larvae of two species of Pieris

ABSTRACT. Specificity and sensitivity of gustatory neurones in response to twenty-two amino acids were studied in larvae of Pieris brassicae L. and Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) using electrophysiological methods. Twelve amino acids stimulated a specific amino acid receptor cell in the lateral styloconic sensillum on the maxillary galea of both species, and a further two evoked single unit responses in the same sensillum of P.brassicae only. Histidine, phenylalanine and tryptophane were the weakest stimulants for P.brassicae , but were among the four best stimulants for P.rapae . In both species, eight amino acids were ineffective. Significant differences in stimulatory effectiveness were found between amino acids. Nutritionally essential amino acids were more effective in both species, as in five other lepidopterous species. Similarities with postulated sites for amino acid recognition in the dipteran Boettcherisca peregrina were found.
Concentration-response (C/R) relations were studied for five amino acids. Significant differences were found in saturated response levels. Parameters characterizing C/R relations were estimated using a logistic model. Comparing C/R parameters with phytochemical data on concentrations of free amino acids in a common host plant, Brassica oleracea L., shows that amino acids are effective stimuli at their natural concentrations. The amino acid chemoreceptor seems able to transmit information about concentration differences of amino acids in the plant tissue.     

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the vulva. Report of two cases

The cytologic and histologic findings in two cases of the extremely rare alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the vulva are reported. The tumor cells in fine needle aspiration smears from one case and tumor imprints from both cases were isolated or were in sheets or reticular patterns. The nuclei were round to oval; only a few cells were multinucleated. The chromatinic material was increased in amount and finely granular. Many mitotic figures were observed. The cytoplasm was scanty in general, but some cells had abundant cytoplasm; cross striations were not recognized. The tumor cells were positive with immunocytochemical stains for desmin, vimentin and myoglobin. Similar findings were observed in biopsy and surgical specimens.