桑椹汁澄清工艺及营养成分的分析

本文对桑椹汁的澄清工艺作了探讨,并对桑椹营养成分进行了分析。结果表明,采用该工艺生产的桑椹汁及饮料,不仅保留了原有的风味,而且较好地保留了营养物质     

紫云英叶蛋白提取工艺研究

本文采用正交试验对紫云英叶蛋白提取工艺进行了研究,结果表明:蛋白质萃取工艺较优条件为:萃取剂与紫云英鲜叶料液比为5:1,萃取温度为20℃,萃取pH值7.0,萃取剂中盐浓度为0.5％;绿色蛋白质在50℃时沉淀,白色蛋白质在pH=5.0时沉淀。采用此工艺提取得率为25.4％,每吨紫云英鲜叶可得粗蛋白0.04吨,所得粗蛋白含真蛋白50％左右。     

植物冻害和氧化胁迫——甘蓝叶冻-融循环中超氧的产生

为检验植物冻害的发生和氧化胁迫这一假说,在冰冻前把氮蓝四唑（NBT）真空渗入到甘蓝叶圆片中,在叶圆片冻－融循环中NBT被还原为甲Zan,把其中的单甲Zan用乙醇提取出来,在分光光度计上比色,可作为冻融循环中产生的氧化胁迫的定量指标,NBT本身作为氧化剂,使冻害稍有增加,作为冰冻保护剂的二甲基亚砜真空渗入叶圆片使其抗冻性显著增加,而NBT还原则显著减少,表明二甲基亚砜在保护叶组织免受冻害上的作用和它减缓植物组织氧化胁迫的作用有关。实验结果支持植物冻害的发生和氧化胁迫有关这一假说。实验还表明还原NBT的还原剂很可能是超氧阴离子自由基。     

山楂叶总黄酮生长积累动态及提取工艺研究

对山楂叶总黄酬生长积累动态及提取工艺进行了研究,结果表明：（1）年生长周期中,山楂叶总黄酮含量有两个高峰期．其中第一个生长高峰期（6月15日～8月1日）峰值较高,持续时间较长;（2）各因素对山楂叶总黄酮的提取率影响是不均等的,影响最大的是料液比,其次是温度和时间。最佳提取工艺为：80Ｃ下,用碱度为0．25％的氢氧化钠乙醇溶液（50％乙醇）回流提取2次,每次lh．料液比为l：20。     

从贯叶连翘叶提取金丝桃素的工艺探讨

对从贯叶连翘中提取金丝桃素的工艺条件进行了优化研究,结果表明,金丝桃素提取较佳工艺为：45℃的水浸泡2h后,加入0.5%NaOH,用75％甲醇在0.05Mpa下78℃提取5次,每次1.5h,溶媒量为5倍,浓缩温度与干燥温度为78℃。     

杜梨叶黄酮的提取工艺研究及其初步定性分析

目的:优化杜梨叶总黄酮提取的工艺及其初步定性分析.方法:研究了浸提温度、乙醇浓度、提取时间、料液比等因素对杜梨叶中黄酮类化合物提取效果的影响,和正交试验进行优化,所得结果采用方差分析.采用颜色反应的方法进行杜梨叶中黄酮的初步定性分析.结果:确定了最佳单因素水平,正交实验确定了以乙醇为浸提荆的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数60%,料液比1:22,温度80℃,浸提时间1h,在此条件下黄酮含量为5.03%.结论:杜梨叶中含黄酮类化合物,颜色反应试验表明,其成分主要集中在黄酮醇类和二氢黄酮类.     

海藻预处理工艺研究

大型海藻是中含有大量的糖分,能被微生物利用进行发酵作用来生产乙醇。为了提高乙醇的产率,优化预处理方法是必要的。本课题主要通过物理研磨法、蒸煮法、酸解法和酶解法处理海藻以优化出糖类溶出量最大的预处理条件。物理研磨法条件为固液比1:20,温度28℃,处理2h;蒸煮法条件为固液比1:30,温度90℃,处理1.5h;酸解法条件为固液比1:30,温度为80℃,处理1h;酶解法条件为酸解液残渣在温度40℃下酶解3h。且酸解后进行酶解的处理方法是糖类溶出量最大的处理方法,条件为80℃的酸解残渣在纤维素酶的作用下40℃酶解3h。     

黄芩叶茶生产过程中杀青工艺探究

黄芩叶茶是用黄芩的叶片制作而成的中药保健茶,黄芩叶中富含多种营养成分,具有较好的解热抗炎作用。目前民间黄芩叶茶的加工方式多种多样,致使其质量参差不齐,其中杀青工艺对产品的质量影响很大。目的:旨在探寻杀青工艺的最优条件,在保持其较好的外观和风味口感同时,也能充分保留其营养成分。方法:选取漂烫、蒸汽、微波三种杀青方式,以黄芩叶中过氧化物酶(Peroxidase, POD)活性,化学成分含量以及外观性状作为评价指标,在每一种杀青方式中筛选出各自最优的工艺参数,最后对经过最优工艺条件处理的三种杀青方式之间作比较,筛选出最好的杀青方式。结果:每种杀青方式筛选出的最优工艺条件分别为:1.漂烫杀青:95℃热水漂烫2 min。2.蒸汽杀青:摊放厚度2 cm,熏蒸3 min。3.微波杀青:摊放厚度3 cm,600 W微波输出功率下处理50 s。经化学成分含量比较,确定最佳杀青工艺为微波杀青。结论:良好的杀青工艺能够钝化酶活性,使青草气挥发,香气显露,叶质变软,有利于之后工序的开展以及产品质量的提升。     

不同处理对海甘蓝种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

由于受种子生理休眠作用的影响和硬而厚的种皮所产生的抑制作用,使海甘蓝（ＣｒａｍｂｅｍａｒｉｔｉｍａＬ．）种子发芽慢,发芽率低。为探索加快海甘蓝种子发芽和提高种子发芽率的有效方法,我们先后进行了８种不同的种子预处理试验和６种不同次氯酸钠溶液浸种的发芽试验。结果发现：（１）种子剥皮处理可以很大程度地促进发芽和提高发芽率;（２）用浓度为０．０５％的赤霉酸溶液浸种１８ｈ对海甘蓝种子发芽也有很好的促进作用;（３）用０．２０％的代森锰锌４５Ｍ（Ｄｉｉｔｈａｎｅ４５Ｍ）溶液浸种２０ｍｉｎ的消毒处理对海甘蓝种子发芽产生一定程度的抑制作用,但可减少海甘蓝幼苗死亡率;（４）适宜浓度的次氯酸钠漂白水（法文名１＇ＥａｕｄｅＪａｖｅｌ）的溶液（１０％）浸种５ｍｉｎ对促进海甘蓝种子发芽和减少幼苗死亡均有良好效果;浓度低于１０％时．不足以腐蚀种子硬而厚的种皮而促进种子发芽,也不足以杀死种子携带的病菌而减少幼苗死亡率;浓度大于１０％时,对种子的胚和种子内的酶活性产生不良影响,从而抑制种子发芽和影响幼苗的正常生长。     

菜心叶片中乙醇酸氧化酶的多种组分

乙醇酸氧化酶（EC．1．1．3．1,GO）是光呼吸中的关键酶,过去对其电泳行为和等电点的报告互不一致。Grodzinski和Col－man（1972）将菠菜、烟草等植物部分纯化的GO酶液在pH8．3的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中电泳,活性染色后出现两条活性带,两者对FMN的依赖性有一定差异。Kerr和Groves（1975）对豌豆叶片部分纯化的GO酶液进行等电聚焦电泳,表明其pI值大于9．6.Behrends等（1982）将绿色黄瓜子叶的酶液经聚焦层析,发现GO活性分布在pH8．7附近。但Nishimura等（1983）发现在pH8．9的凝胶中南瓜子叶GO不迁移,而在pH4．5的凝胶中则出现一…     

胡颓子果汁饮料加工工艺研究

对胡颓子的主要营养成分进行了分析,并研究了将胡颓子加工成营养保健饮料的加工工艺与配方。     

Human health risks from consuming cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) grown on wastewater irrigated soil

The present study investigated the impact of cumulative irrigation with wastewater on the soil properties and, its health hazards on the consumers of cabbage plants at south Cairo Province, Egypt. Irrigation water, soil and cabbage plants were sample d from two polluted and other two unpolluted farms. The physicochemical properties of water and soil were analyzed and the growth parameters, as well as nutrients and heavy metals concentration in cabbage were investigated. In addition, the daily intake of metals (DIM) and health risk index (HRI) were estimated. Wastewater posed a decrease in the availability of N, P and K, but increases heavy metals in the soil solution. Cabbage stem and root lengths as well as the number of leaves and biomass were greatly reduced in the polluted farms. In addition, the photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrates and proteins were decreased under pollution stress. The concentration of most investigated metals in the leaves and roots were increased with translocation factor greater than one for Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Ni, Fe, and Co. The study revealed that the HRI exceeded one for Pb and Cd in polluted and unpolluted plants; and Fe in polluted ones. Irrigation with wastewater is not suitable for cabbage as it has health risks on humans due to accumulation of heavy metals. It worth noting that, the high ability of cabbage plants to accumulate Pb and Cd from both polluted and unpolluted soils should be taken into consideration when consuming this plant.     

Stimulation of androgenesis in white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) anthers by low temperature and anther dissection

Anther culture was performed on two local cultivars, Ljubljansko and Varadinsko, and the F₁ cv. Krautman (Bejo-Zaden). The effects on androgenesis of hot and cold temperature treatments and different dissections of anthers were evaluated. In contrast to cv. Krautman, cvs. Ljubljansko and Varadinsko produced more embryos after cold pretreatment of flower buds (4°C, 48 h) than after standard treatment (35°C, 24h). Simultaneous cutting of the anther tip and removal of the filament gave the best results in comparison to other tested dissections. Microscopical observations of sectioned anthers revealed enhanced embryo development near the cut ends of the anthers. Ploidy analysis revealed the presence of haploids among embryos resulting from cold treatment (4°C, 48 h), treatment at elevated temperature (35°C, 24 h), and among embryos resulting from dissections of anther tips.     

秃叶黄皮树叶子的化学成分研究(英文)

从秃叶黄皮树叶子(Phellodendron chinensevar.glabriusculumSchneid)分离到7个化合物,经波谱解析鉴定为6-O-乙酰基黄柏苷(1),6-O-乙酰基二氢黄柏苷(2),(2R)-4′,5-二羟基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-8-异戊烯基-二氢黄酮(3),黄柏苷(4),2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6-羟基-苯甲酸苄酯(5),柑橘素C(6),3-羰基齐墩果烷(7),其中化合物1～3,5～7为首次从秃叶黄皮树叶子中分离得到。     

Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of Brassica oleracea var. sabauda and B. oleracea var. capitata

Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4M70GUS-mediated transformation of Savoy cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabauda) and two local lines of cabbage (B. oleracea L. var. capitata) was obtained using hypocotyl and cotyledon explants. The percentage of explants which formed roots was very high in all genotypes: 92.3 % in Savoy Gg-1, 64.4 % in cabbage P₂₂I₅, and 87.2 % in P₃₄I₅. Spontaneous shoot regeneration of excised root cultures grown on the hormone-free medium occurred in all three genotypes. In cabbage lines P₂₂I₅ and P₃₄I₅ shoot regeneration was higher (9.3 and 2.6 % respectively) than in Savoy cabbage Gg-1 (1.3 %). Transgenic nature of hairy root-derived plants was evaluated by GUS histological test and PCR analysis. All the tested cabbage shoots were GUS positive whilst in a Savoy cabbage GUS expression was registered only in 55 % of tested clones. PCR analysis demonstrated the presence of the GUS gene in regenerated shoot clones and in T₁ progeny.     

紫叶李树叶中山奈酚的提取工艺研究

该文测定了紫叶李树叶中各黄酮苷元的含量,并对其中山奈酚的提取工艺进行了研究,重点探讨了采用乙醇法提取紫叶李树叶中山奈酚的最佳工艺条件,试验结果表明:紫叶李树叶中各黄酮苷元主要是槲皮素和山奈酚,乙醇提取紫叶李树叶中山奈酚的最佳工艺参数为浸提剂乙醇浓度为70%﹑浸提温度为50℃、料液比为1∶15、浸取时间为1.5 h。紫叶李树叶中山奈酚的浸取率为92.7%,经浸取、浓缩、水解、萃取、结晶工艺后,其紫叶李树叶中山奈酚的总得率为56.6%,山奈酚的纯度为90.6%。     

番石榴叶乙醇提取物中熊果酸富集的初步研究

对番石榴Psidium guajava叶乙醇提取物中熊果酸富集工艺的除杂和酸碱富集主要环节进行优化试验。结果表明,最佳富集工艺为：以料液比为1∶50的水和石油醚除去杂质;酸碱富集过程中富集条件以10% NaOH碱化提取液pH=14,再以5% H2SO4酸化调节pH=3,用1倍样品溶液体积的pH=3酸性水溶液稀释。终产品中熊果酸的纯度和回收率分别为17.74%和85.12%。     

Plant regeneration from cotyledonary protoplasts of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var.botrytis L.)

Summary Protoplasts isolated enzymatically from precultured cotyledonary leaves ofB. oleracea var.botrytis and cultured in KM8p medium (Kao andMichayluk 1975) underwent sustained divisions in about 0.1% population to eventually produce callus, whereas mesophyll protoplasts from either field grown orin vitro raised plants failed to divide. The callus readily differentiated on Murashige-Skoog medium as modified for shoot culture (Binding 1974) to give rise to shoot and roots.     

Metallo-proteinase from the seedlings of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica):

Metallo-proteinase from 8-d-old seedlings of kale was isolated. The enzyme was extracted with 1% NaCl, concentrated by ammonium sulfate and finally purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The isolated enzyme had a molecular weight of 22.4 kDa and showed a maximum activity at pH 9.0 using casein as a substrate. Proteolytic activity of proteinase was inhibited by chelators. The inhibition by ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) was abolished by some divalent metals ions, especially by Zn²⁺. The enzyme showed activity against the synthetic peptides Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu-pNA and Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA, and hydrolized the following peptide bonds in the oxidized insulin B-chain: Leu6-Cya7, Leu15-Tyr16, Leu17—Val18 and Phe25-Tyr26.Abbreviations EDTA ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid - HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography - NEM N-ethylmaleimide - PCMB p-mecuribenzoic acid - PMSF phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride This work was supported by the University Science Programme, Ministry of National Education, and Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland.