蜡样芽胞杆菌磷脂酶C在乳酸克鲁维酵母中重组表达、纯化及酶学性质分析

【目的】构建蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus)磷脂酶C(Phospholipase C,PLC)的重组乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces lactis)菌株、纯化重组蛋白并对其进行酶学性质分析。【方法】以B.cereus基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到磷脂酶C基因(bcplc),构建重组乳酸克鲁维酵母表达质粒并转化到乳酸克鲁维酵母中,实现bcplc基因的表达。利用镍柱亲和层析纯化和脱盐柱得到电泳纯的重组磷脂酶C(rbcPLC)。【结果】成功构建产磷脂酶C的重组乳酸克鲁维酵母并纯化了重组磷脂酶C,纯化后rbcPLC经SDS-PAGE分析在40 kDa附近出现显性条带。NPPC法测得rbcPLC酶活为19251 U/mg,最适反应温度为80°C,最适pH为9.0。在低于40°C时,pH 7.0-8.0时,rbcPLC重组酶较稳定。Cu~(2+)和Co~(2+)对其有明显的抑制作用;Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)对其有明显的促进作用。【结论】首次实现了对蜡样芽胞杆菌来源的磷脂酶C在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的重组表达、纯化及其酶学性质分析,为其它食品安全性微生物来源的磷脂酶C的研究提供了借鉴意义。     

乳酸克鲁维酵母乳糖酶的可溶性表达及优化

[目的]实现乳酸克鲁维酵母乳糖酶的可溶性表达,并初步研究其酶学性质。[方法]首先克隆了来源于乳酸克鲁维酵母的乳糖酶基因KLLAC,构建pET-KLLAC重组表达载体,并采用蛋白质复性及与pKJE7、pG-KJE8、pGro7、pG-Tf2和p Tf-16伴侣蛋白共表达等方式拟提高其可溶性表达;并优化产酶条件,进一步提高其可溶性;采用ONPG法测定其酶学性质。[结果]在5种伴侣蛋白中pGro7与KLLAC共表达时可溶性最高;产酶最优条件为:阿拉伯糖浓度0. 5 mg/m L,IPTG浓度0. 1 mmol/L,诱导温度20℃;在最优条件下,重组KLLAC与伴侣蛋白p Gro7共表达时,表达量及酶活最高;经纯化后,乳糖酶KLLAC比酶活最高为102. 36 U/mg。该酶的最适温度30℃,最适p H 7. 0。[结论]KLLAC与伴侣蛋白的共表达以及诱导条件的优化,有效提高了该酶的可溶性表达水平、酶活性及稳定性。     

克鲁维酵母Y-85菊粉酶的纯化和性质

克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces sp.)Y-85产生的胞内菊粉酶(endocellular inulinase)和胞外菊粉酶(exocellular inulinase)粗酶液分别经PEG6000-磷酸盐缓冲液双水相抽提得部分纯化酶液。前者进一步用硫酸铵分级沉淀、Protein-PAK DEAE离子交换、Protein-PAK200SW凝胶过滤后得到两个菊粉酶组分EⅠ和EⅡ;后者采用DEAE-Sephacel离子交换、Sephadex G150凝胶过滤后得到菊粉酶Eexo。经Waters 650E蛋白纯化系统鉴定,三者均呈单一的对称峰;EⅠ和EⅡ达聚丙烯酰胺盘状凝胶电泳纯。EⅠ、EⅡ和Eexo的分子量分别为42kD、65kD和57kD;三者均为糖蛋白,多糖含量分别为30％、35％和25％;I/S(Inulinaseactivity/Sucrase activity)比值分别为0.086、0.078和0.072;三者均属外切菊粉酶。EⅠ、EⅡ和Eexo酶反应最适pH分别为4.6、4.5和4.6,最适温度分别为52℃、52℃和55℃;Ag⁺、Hg2+和PCMB对酶活性有强烈的抑制作用;三者水解菊芋…     

乳酸克鲁维酵母β－半乳糖苷酶的分离纯化及性质研究

乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces lactis)经高压破壁后的粗提液,其β-半乳糖苷酶(E．C．3．2．1．23)比活力为5．56u／mg。经硫酸铵沉淀,丙酮沉淀,PAPMA—Sepharose 4B柱层析后,乳糖酶比活力达370u／mg,纯化了66．2倍,SDS—PAGE鉴定为一条带,分子量85000Da。酶作用的最适pH在6．4—6．8之间,最适温度40℃,50℃保温15min酶活丧失90％。以邻硝基苯一β一半乳糖苷(ONPG)为底物的米氏常数为2．78mmoI／L。酶的正常水解产物半乳糖对酶活力有一定的抑制作用,核糖强烈抑制酶活力,Fe²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺、Ag⁺、PCMB和NBS都能使酶活丧失。Mg²⁺、Mn²⁺和还原剂巯基乙醇的存在能提高酶活力。     

溶葡球菌酶在乳酸克鲁维酵母中重组表达、诱变、优化及酶学研究

根据模仿葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus simulans)的溶葡球菌酶基因序列以及乳酸克鲁维酵母密码子偏好性设计引物扩增溶葡球菌酶基因表达片段,构建溶葡球菌酶(lysostaphin,Lys)基因表达载体(p KLAC1-Lys),转化乳酸克鲁维酵母(K.lactis GG799),实现了Lys基因的分泌表达。对重组菌株(K.lactis GG799/p KLAC1-Lys)进行NTG随机化学诱变,优化表达条件,筛选获得高表达菌株,并通过Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化蛋白并研究其酶学性质。结果表明:通过诱变重组溶葡球菌酶乳酸克鲁维菌株,Lys酶比活性提高了约5.2倍(约8 000U/L)。最适接种量为40g/L,诱导过程中每24h添加一次终浓度为20g/L的半乳糖和NH_4NO_3可提高酶比活性,最适表达p H为7.0~7.5,最适反应p H为7.0~8.0,最适反应温度为37℃。实验表明,低于40℃,p H 3~6之间时,重组溶葡球菌酶较稳定。Sr~(2+)对其酶活性有明显的促进作用,Ba~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Mg~(2+)对其有明显的抑制作用。     

扣囊复膜孢酵母α-淀粉酶基因在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的表达与重组酶性质

通过PCR方法从扣囊复膜孢酵母基因组DNA中克隆获得α-淀粉酶基因成熟肽编码区（SfA）,插入乳酸克鲁维酵母表达载体pKLACl的d因子信号肽下游,构建重组表达载体pKLACl-SfA。重组载体转化乳酸克鲁维酵母GG799,筛选获得表达α-淀粉酶SfA水平较高的重组茵。酶活检测和SDS．PAGE电泳检测均显示,重组茵分泌重组酶SfA到发酵液中。酶学性质研究表明：SfA最适温度为45℃,最适pH5．0,在pH4．5～5．5、50℃条件下保持稳定。Ca2＋等二价金属离子对SfA酶活有激活作用,EDTA强烈的抑制SfA活性。HPLC分析显示SfA水解糊精获得麦芽寡糖和少量葡萄糖,其中麦芽三糖是主要产物,占水解产物总量的52％。     

人血清白蛋白在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的表达

以乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces lactis,K.lactis)GG799为宿主对人血清白蛋白(HSA)进行分泌表达。以pPIC9k-HSA为模板,采用带有XhoⅠ和NotⅠ酶切位点的引物PCR扩增获得HSA基因,经XhoⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切后插入pKLAC1,构建表达载体pKLAC1-HSA。经SalⅡ线性化后,电击转化K.lactis GG799,用含5 mmol/L乙酰胺的YCB平板筛选阳性转化子。提取基因组DNA,采用PCR方法对转化子鉴定后进行摇瓶发酵。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)及Western blot分析发酵上清液中的表达产物,并初步分析酵母基础N源(YNB)对HSA在K.lactis GG799中表达的影响。结果表明,HSA成功在K.lactis GG799中分泌表达,表达量为81μg/mL,遗传稳定性好。     

乳酸克鲁维酵母表达外源蛋白研究进展

乳酸克鲁维酵母已成功地应用于多种异源蛋白的表达生产之中。与其他酵母相比，乳酸克鲁维酵母具有许多优点，如超强的分泌能力，良好的大规模发酵特性、食品安全的级别及整合表达能力等，其作为宿主系统表达药用蛋白也已显示出巨大的潜力。从不同的菌属、遗传工程和分子生物学技术（如启动子、表达载体）等方面简要综述了乳酸克鲁维酵母作为蛋白表达宿主系统的优势。     

乳酶克鲁维酵母β—半乳糖苷酶的分离纯化及性质研究

乳酸克鲁维酵母经高压破壁后的粗提液,其β－半乳糖苷酶比活力为５．５６ｕ／ｍｇ．经硫酸铵沉淀,丙酮沉淀,ＰＡＰＭＡ－Ａｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ４Ｂ柱层析后,乳糖酶比活力达３７０ｕ／ｍｇ,纯化了６６．２倍,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ鉴定为一条带,分子量８５０００Ｄａ。酶作用的最适ｐＨ在６．４－６．８之间,最适温度４０℃,５０℃保温１５ｍｉｎ酶活丧失９０％,以邻硝基苯－β－半乳糖苷为底物的米氏常数为２．７８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ     

乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的表达

将乙型肝炎表面抗原基因插入具调控型启动子PH05的乳酸克鲁维酵母表达载体中,构建完成质粒pLSl．转化宿主菌Kluyveromyces lactis CXJ1—7A,ELISA结果表明．其表达水平受无机磷浓度的调控。为了进一步提高表达水平,我们将Pls1中的乙型肝炎表面抗原表达单元插入带完整Pkd1序列的载体Pe1,并将构建成的质粒Pls2转化MW98—8C。在比较了CXJ-7A／Pls1和MW98—8c／Pls2后,我们发现MW98—8c／Pls2的稳定性大大提高．表达量也增加4～8倍。     

Evolution of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes in yeast: characterization of a fourth ADH in Kluyveromyces lactis

Summary Three alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes have recently been characterized in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. We report on a fourth ADH in K. lactis (KADH II: KADH2 gene) which is highly similar to other ADHs in K. lactis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. KADH II appears to be a cytoplasmic enzyme, and after expression of KADH2 in S. cerevisiae enzyme activity comigrated with a K. lactis ADH present in cells grown in glucose or in ethanol. KADH I was also expressed in S. cerevisiae and it comigrated with a major ADH species expressed under glucose growth conditions in K. lactis. The substrate specificities for KADH I and KADH II were shown to be more similar to that of SADH II than to SADH I. SADH I cannot efficiently utilize long chain alcohols, in contrast to other cytoplasmic yeast ADHs, presumably because of the presence of a methionine (residue 271) in its substrate binding cleft. A comparison of the DNA sequences of ADHs among K. lactis, S. cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe suggests that the ancestral yeast species contained one cytoplasmic ADH. After divergence from S. pombe, the ADH in the ancestor to K. lactis and S. cerevisiae was duplicated, and one ADH became localized to the mitochondrion, presumably for the oxidative use of ethanol. Following the speciation of S. cerevisiae and K. lactis, the gene encoding the cytoplasmic ADH in S. cerevisiae duplicated, which resulted in the development of the SADH II protein as the primary oxidative enzyme in place of SADH III. In contrast, the K. lactis mitochondrial ADH duplicated to give rise to the highly expressed KADH3 and KADH4 genes, both of which may still play primary roles in oxidative metabolism. These data suggest that K. lactis and S. cerevisiae use different compartments for their metabolism of ethanol. Our results also indicate that the complex regulatory circuits controlling the glucose-repressible SADH2 in S. cerevisiae are a recent acquisition from regulatory networks used for the control of genes other than SADH2.

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The consensus sequence of Kluyveromyces lactis centromeres shows homology to functional centromeric DNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Summary The nucleotide sequences of five of the six centromeres of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis were determined. Mutual comparison of these sequences led to the following consensus: a short highly conserved box (5-ATCACGTGA-3) flanked by an AT-rich (±90%) stretch of ± 160 by followed by another conserved box (5-TNNTTTATGTTTCCGAAAATTAATAT-3).These three elements were named K1CDEI, K1CDEII, and K1CDEIII respectively, by analogy with the situation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, a second 100 by AT-rich (±90%) element, named K1CDE0, was found ± 150 by upstream of K1CDEI. The sequences of both K1CDEI and K1CDEIII are highly conserved between K. lactis and S. cerevisiae; however, centromeres of K. lactis do not function in S. cerevisiae and vice versa. The most obvious differences between the centromeres of the two yeast species are the length of the AT-rich CDEII, which is 161–164 by in K. lactis versus 78–86 by in S. cerevisiae and the presence in K. lactis of K1CDEO, which is not found in S. cerevisiae.     

Disruption of the OCH1 and MNN1 genes decrease N-glycosylation on glycoprotein expressed in Kluyveromyces lactis

Glycoproteins secreted by the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis are usually modified by the addition at asparagines-linked glycosylation sites of heterogeneous mannan residues. The secreted glycoproteins in K. lactis that become hypermannosylated will bear a non-human glycosylation pattern and can adversely affect the half-life, tissue distribution and immunogenicity of a therapeutic protein. Here, we describe engineering a K. lactis strain to produce non-hypermannosylated glycoprotein, decreasing the outer-chain mannose residues of N-linked oligosaccharides. We investigated and developed the method of two-step homologous recombination to knockout the OCH1 gene, encoding α1,6-mannosyltransferase and MNN1 gene, which is homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MNN1, encoding a putative α1,3-mannosyltransferase. We found the Kloch1 mutant strain has a defect in hyperglycosylation, inability in adding mannose to the core oligosaccharide. The N-linked oligosaccharides assembled on a secretory glycoprotein, HSA/GM–CSF in Kloch1 mutant, contained oligosaccharide Man_13–14GlcNAc₂, and in Kloch1 mnn1 mutant, contained oligosaccharide Man_9–11GlcNAc₂, whereas those in the wild-type strain, consisted of oligosaccharides with heterogeneous sizes, Man_>30GlcNAc₂. Taken together, these results indicated that KlOch1p plays a key role in the outer-chain mannosylation of N-linked oligosaccharides in K. lactis. The KlMnn1p, was proved to be certain contribution to the outer hypermannosylation, most possibly encodes α1,3-mannosyltransferase. Therefore, the Kloch1 and Kloch1 mnn1 mutants can be used as a foundational host to produce glycoproteins lacking the outer-chain hypermannoses and further maybe applicable to be a promising system for yeast therapeutic protein production.     

A phosphoglucose isomerase gene is involved in the Rag phenotype of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis

Summary The rag2 mutant of Kluyveromyces lactis cannot grow on glucose when mitochondrial functions are blocked by various mitochondrial inhibitors, suggesting the presence of a defect in the fermentation pathway. The RAG2 gene has been cloned from a K. lactis genomic library by complementation of the rag2 mutation. The amino acid sequence of the RAG2 protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cloned RAG2 gene shows homology to the sequences of known phosphoglucose isomerases (PGI and PHI). In vivo complementation of the pgi1 mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the cloned RAG2 gene, together with measurements of specific PGI activities and the detection of PGI proteins, confirm that the RAG2 gene of K. lactis codes for the phosphoglucose isomerase enzyme. Complete loss of PGI activity observed when the coding sequence of RAG2 was disrupted leads us to conclude that RAG2 is the only gene that codes for phosphoglucose isomerase in K. lactis. The RAG2 gene of K. lactis is expressed constitutively, independently of the growth substrates (glycolytic or gluconeogenic). Unlike the pgi1 mutants of S. cerevisiae, the K. lactis rag2 mutants can still grow on glucose, however they do not produce ethanol.     

马克斯克鲁维酵母GX-UN120糖转运蛋白基因的克隆及表征

【背景】马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)具有完整的木糖代谢途径,可以高效利用木质纤维素中的木糖,因此对其糖转运蛋白基因的研究或可有效解决酵母木糖转运的相关问题。【目的】根据马克斯克鲁维酵母DMKU3-1042中KLMA＿70145和KLMA＿80101基因位点的功能预测,获得马克斯克鲁维酵母GX-UN120相应的糖转运蛋白基因序列并探究其功能。【方法】将转运蛋白基因分别克隆表达至酿酒酵母EBY.VW4000中考察重组菌株生长特性,以此间接评价对应转运蛋白的转运能力。【结果】Km＿SUT2基因编码的糖转运蛋白可有效提高宿主细胞转运木糖、阿拉伯糖、山梨糖、核糖、乳糖和葡萄糖的能力,但却不能转运甘露糖、果糖、蔗糖和半乳糖。类似地,Km＿SUT3基因编码的糖转运蛋白可提高细胞转运木糖、阿拉伯糖、山梨糖、半乳糖、核糖、乳糖和葡萄糖的能力,但却不能转运甘露糖和果糖。然而在葡萄糖存在的条件下,重组菌株对各种碳源的利用均受抑制,但Km＿SUT3转运木糖和核糖过程中受葡萄糖的抑制作用较小。【结论】马克斯克鲁维酵母GX-UN120中转运蛋白Km＿SUT2和Km＿SUT3可...     

一种来自乳酸乳球菌的新型氨肽酶A的制备及特性分析

氨肽酶A(aminopeptidase A,Pep A)能特异性地水解N末端为谷氨酸(glutamic acid,Glu)或天冬氨酸(asparticacid,Asp)的肽链,提高蛋白质的水溶性和食物的风味,在食品工业和肉类加工中具有一定的应用前景。本研究采用全基因合成的方式获得了乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis ssp.lactis)IL1403氨肽酶A(Lactococcus lactis-Pep A,Lc-Pep A)的编码基因,将该基因克隆并导入毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)GS115(His4),在毕赤酵母中实现了Lc-Pep A的高效分泌表达,表达产物经鉴定和纯化制备后,进行了生物学特性的分析。结果表明,Lc-Pep A具有较强的底物特异性,对2种底物谷氨酸对硝基苯胺(glutamicacid-p-nitroaniline,Glu-pNA)和天冬氨酸对硝基苯胺(aspartic acid-p-nitroaniline,Asp-pNA)具有相似的催化活力和酶动力学参数。Lc-Pep A是一种金属蛋白酶,最适反应温度为60℃,最适pH为8.0,具有较宽的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性。金属离子Co^(2+)、Mn^(2+)及Zn^(2+)等对酶活力具有不同程度的激活作用,而Ni^(2+)和Cu^(2+)对酶活力具有强烈的抑制作用。Lc-Pep A对常规蛋白酶抑制剂不敏感,但能被金属蛋白酶抑制剂、EDTA及二硫键还原剂抑制。这些研究为Lc-Pep A的生产和指导该酶的应用打下了坚实的基础。     

乳酸乳球菌表达系统的发展现状与前景展望

乳酸乳球菌作为全球公认安全的微生物,具有多种益生作用,常被用作基因工程宿主菌.在过去的二十年中,乳酸乳球菌作为载体在递呈病毒、细菌抗原等方面得到了广泛的应用,并且在不同领域发挥着重要作用.本文以乳链菌肽控制的表达(nisin-controlled expression,NICE)系统为例,介绍了基于乳酸乳球菌的表达系统...     

杀鱼假交替单胞菌C923几丁质酶基因PpchiC的克隆表达与酶学性质

【背景】某些假交替单胞菌可分泌几丁质酶,在降解利用几丁质为水产动物提供营养、免疫、抗病等方面有着重要潜力。【目的】克隆杀鱼假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas piscicida)C923的一个几丁质酶基因,实现其在大肠杆菌中的异源表达,并对重组几丁质酶的酶学性质进行研究。【方法】从菌株C923测序的基因组中注释到一个几丁质酶家族基因PpchiC,设计引物克隆该基因后进行生物信息学分析;构建载体进行异源表达并从温度、时间与诱导剂浓度进行表达优化;对表达蛋白进行最适温度与pH等酶学性质研究,同时比较了重组菌破碎后上清与沉淀及纯化的酶蛋白对几丁质的降解效应。【结果】基因PpchiC长1350bp,编码450个氨基酸,PpchiC蛋白理论分子量为48.76kDa,等电点为4.78,不稳定系数为29.08。结构域分析发现该蛋白含有一个类型Ⅲ几丁质结合域和一个糖苷水解酶18家族(glycosyl hydrolase 18,GH18)的催化域;PpchiC蛋白含有GH18家族几丁质酶的保守催化基序DxxDxDxE、YxR和[E/D]xx[V/I]。16℃、0.25mmol/L IPTG、诱导12h为其最优化表达条件,PpchiC在50℃、pH8.0时表现出最大酶活性;以胶体几丁质为底物时,PpchiC的K_m值为2.58mg/mL、V_max值为5.04mg/(mL·min)。降解结果表明,菌体的沉淀与上清及从上清中纯化的酶蛋白均有着较好的几丁质降解效应。【结论】杀鱼假交替单胞菌C923基因PpchiC编码GH18家族的几丁质酶,能被大肠杆菌高效表达且降解几丁质效应明显,这为PpchiC及菌株C923的应用提供了参考依据。     

Enantioselective synthesis of ethyl-(S)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (S-HPPE) from ethyl-3-oxo-3-phenylpropanoate using recombinant fatty acid synthase (FAS2) from Kluyveromyces lactis KCTC 7133 in Pichia pastoris GS115

Various yeast strains were examined for the microbial reduction of ethyl-3-oxo-3-phenylpropanoate (OPPE) to ethyl-(S)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (S-HPPE), which is the chiral intermediate for the synthesis of a serotonin uptake inhibitor, Fluoxetine. Kluyveromyces lactis KCTC 7133 was found as the most efficient strain in terms of high yield (83% at 50 mM) and high optical purity ee > 99% of S-HPPE. Based on the protein purification, activity analysis and the genomic analysis, a fatty acid synthase (FAS) was identified as the responsible β-ketoreductase. To increase the productivity, a recombinant Pichia pastoris GS115 over-expressing FAS2 (α-subunit of FAS) of K. lactis KCTC7133 was constructed. In the optimized media condition, the recombinant P. pastoris functionally over-expressed the FAS2. Recombinant P. pastoris showed 2.3-fold higher reductase activity compared with wild type P. pastoris. With the recombinant P. pastoris, the 91% yield of S-HPPE was achieved at 50 mM OPPE maintaining the high optical purity of the product (ee > 99%).