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1.
R Fayer A O Heydorn A J Johnson R G Leek 《Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde (Berlin, Germany)》1979,59(1):15-20
Sporocysts of Sarcocystis suihominis obtained from human feces were used to infect swine. Heart, tongue, and skeletal muscle from experimentally infected and noninfected control swine were fed via stomach tube to nonhuman primates including chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca irus). All primates fed infected swine tissues shed sporocysts beginning 13 to 15 days postinfection and were still shedding sporocysts at the conclusion of the experiment, 30 days postinfection. Rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys were fed infected swine tissues a second time and shed sporocysts. All primates remained in good health throughout both experiments and exhibited no unusual clinical signs as a result of infection. 相似文献
2.
Anna E. Sarfaty Caroline J. Zeiss Krishna Yekkala Steven R. Wilson 《Journal of medical primatology》2020,49(2):113-115
Obstruction of umbilical blood flow is a common cause of death in fetal nonhuman primates, but cord accidents have not been reported in the macaque. We describe two cases of cord accident in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) resulting in fetal death at approximately 110 and 50 days of gestation, respectively. 相似文献
3.
Cryopreservation of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) spermatozoa and their functional assessment by in vitro fertilization 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Although spermatozoa from several species of nonhuman primates have been cryopreserved, there has been no report of success with rhesus macaque spermatozoa as judged by functional assays. Two Tris--egg yolk freezing media, TEST and TTE, which have been successfully used for cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) spermatozoa, were compared for cryopreservation of spermatozoa from four rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The postthaw motility (percentage and duration) of spermatozoa cryopreserved in TTE was much higher than that for spermatozoa cryopreserved in TEST. The function of sperm cryopreserved in TTE was evaluated by in vitro fertilization of oocytes collected from gonadotropin-stimulated prepubertal rhesus macaques. Of the inseminated oocytes, 82 +/- 13% were fertilized and 63 +/- 22 and 39 +/- 21% of the resulting zygotes developed into morulae and blastocysts, respectively. These results indicate that rhesus macaque spermatozoa can be effectively cryopreserved in TTE medium. This finding will facilitate the application of in vivo and in vitro assisted reproductive technologies in this species. 相似文献
4.
For 21 mo after a bilateral ovariectomy, a 19-y-old ovariectomized cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) continued to have menstrual cycles and measurable premenopausal estradiol and progesterone concentrations. Among these 10 menstrual cycles, 5 cycles were normal in duration and 5 were prolonged. At necropsy, a firm nodule was identified in the omental fat, and histologic evaluation confirmed the presence of ovarian tissue containing various stages of atretic follicles, a regressing corpora lutea, and a degenerating antral follicle. The endometrium and vaginal epithelium were atrophic. The occurrence of ectopic ovarian tissue in any form and location is a rare gynecologic condition in both women and nonhuman primates. Previously reported cases in nonhuman primates have been incidental findings at necropsy; therefore, the steroidogenic capacity and endocrine-related sequelae of such ovarian tissue in any nonhuman primate species is unknown. Based on structure, location, and relationship to normally situated ovaries, the ovarian tissue in this case was classified as a supernumerary ovary. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a supernumerary ovary in a cynomolgus macaque. This report demonstrates that supernumerary ovaries in nonhuman primates can be biologically active for many years beyond sexual maturity and should be considered as a possible cause for vaginal bleeding and elevated ovarian hormone concentrations after ovariectomy. 相似文献
5.
摄食胎盘行为是哺乳动物分娩过程的组成部分之一,具有重要的生态学和生物学意义。野生哺乳动物的分娩大多发生在夜间,受光线和视线等观察条件的限制,很难直接观察到野生动物的分娩行为。2015年4月9日8点59分,我们在安徽黄山观察野生短尾猴 (Macaca thibetana) 鱼鳞坑A1群时,发现初次生产的雌性个体“头华玉 (THY)”分娩后摄食胎盘的行为,随即采用目标动物取样法记录了该个体摄食胎盘的行为过程。THY摄食胎盘包括舔舐、撕成片状、刮食和吞咽等过程,历时2小时29分钟,其中摄食胎盘有效时间长于63min,进程缓慢。与其他相关研究比较,初次生产的雌性短尾猴头华玉 (THY) 摄食胎盘具有花费时间长、社会交往多、警惕性高的特点。本研究是本课题组在安徽黄山研究短尾猴30年首次直接观察到产后摄食胎盘行为,为了解短尾猴的繁殖行为和非人灵长类的繁殖特性提供了难得基础资料。 相似文献
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Haustein SV Kolterman AJ Sundblad JJ Fechner JH Knechtle SJ 《ILAR journal / National Research Council, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources》2008,49(2):209-219
Nonhuman primates, primarily rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), and baboons (Papio spp.), have been used extensively in research models of solid organ transplantation, mainly because the nonhuman primate (NHP) immune system closely resembles that of the human. Nonhuman primates are also frequently the model of choice for preclinical testing of new immunosuppressive strategies. But the management of post-transplant nonhuman primates is complex, because it often involves multiple immunosuppressive agents, many of which are new and have unknown effects. Additionally, the resulting immunosuppression carries a risk of infectious complications, which are challenging to diagnose. Last, because of the natural tendency of animals to hide signs of weakness, infectious complications may not be obvious until the animal becomes severely ill. For these reasons the diagnosis of infectious complications is difficult among post-transplant NHPs. Because most nonhuman primate studies in organ transplantation are quite small, there are only a few published reports concerning infections after transplantation in nonhuman primates. Based on our survey of these reports, the incidence of infection in NHP transplant models is 14%. The majority of reports suggest that many of these infections are due to reactivation of viruses endemic to the primate species, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), polyomavirus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related infections. In this review, we address the epidemiology, pathogenesis, role of prophylaxis, clinical presentation, and treatment of infectious complications after solid organ transplantation in nonhuman primates. 相似文献
8.
Rogers J Garcia R Shelledy W Kaplan J Arya A Johnson Z Bergstrom M Novakowski L Nair P Vinson A Newman D Heckman G Cameron J 《Genomics》2006,87(1):30-38
Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are the most widely used nonhuman primate species in biomedical research. To create new opportunities for genetic and genomic studies using rhesus monkeys, we constructed a genetic linkage map of the rhesus genome. This map consists of 241 microsatellite loci, all previously mapped in the human genome. These polymorphisms were genotyped in five pedigrees of rhesus monkeys totaling 865 animals. The resulting linkage map covers 2048 cM including all 20 rhesus autosomes, with average spacing between markers of 9.3 cM. Average heterozygosity among those markers is 0.73. This linkage map provides new comparative information concerning locus order and interlocus distances in humans and rhesus monkeys. The map will facilitate whole-genome linkage screens to locate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that influence individual variation in phenotypic traits related to basic primate anatomy, physiology, and behavior, as well as QTLs relevant to risk factors for human disease. 相似文献
9.
Gray Eaton 《Primates; journal of primatology》1972,13(4):411-414
Feral Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) living under seminatural conditions in Oregon constructed several large snowballs in their two-acre corral. This behavior did not involve the basic reward systems connected with agonistic or feeding behavior which are most commonly associated with tool-using in nonhuman primates. 相似文献
10.
Two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with a lifetime of continuous exposure to mirrors showed a dramatic and reliable reinstatement of social behavior directed toward the mirror when it was simply moved to a new location. These data are discussed in the context of repeated failures to find self-recognition in monkeys and several recent claims that a cessation of social behavior directed toward mirrors can be used as evidence for the beginning of self-recognition in nonhuman primates. 相似文献
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Background
Nonhuman primates are commonly used in biomedical research as animal models of human disease and behavior. Compared to common rodent models, nonhuman primates are genetically, physiologically, behaviorally and neurologically more similar to humans owing to more recent shared ancestry and therefore provide the advantage of greater translational validity in preclinical studies. The cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is one of the most commonly used nonhuman primates in academic and industry settings, yet population genetic research has revealed significant substructure throughout the species distribution that may confound studies. Cynomolgus monkeys introduced to Mauritius specifically have previously been thought to maintain the least genetic heterogeneity of all cynomolgus monkeys, although recent work, including work from our lab, suggests macaques from Mauritius too may harbor cryptic substructure.Results
To evaluate putative substructure in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques, we designed a panel of 96 single nucleotide polymorphisms based on preliminary findings from previous work to screen 246 of cynomolgus monkeys from two primary suppliers. Results from this study support substructure in Mauritian macaques and suggest a minimum of two populations and maybe three on Mauritius, with moderate admixture.Conclusion
These findings inform the natural history of these monkeys suggesting either a previously unrecognized physical or ecological barrier to gene flow on Mauritius and/or the breakdown of historic substructure resulting from the history of macaque introduction to the island. These findings are relevant to ongoing research using these models in part because of increased appreciation of segregating common variation with functional effects and may be used to better inform animal selection in preclinical research.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-748) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献13.
Hastings Ozwara Henk Niphuis Leo Buijs Margreet Jonker Jon L. Heeney Charanjit S. Bambra Alan W. Thomas Jan A.M. Langermans 《Journal of medical primatology》1997,26(3):164-171
Abstract: There are relatively few monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that have been characterized for their applicability in studies on the immune system of various nonhuman primates. In the present study, we identified a large number of mAb that can be used in future immunological studies in three different nonhuman primates, i.e., chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, and squirrel monkeys. The reactivity of 161 anti-human mAb to T-cell antigens and cytokine receptors were tested on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the three primate species by flow cytometric analysis. A total of 105 (65%), 73 (45%), and 68 (42%) antibodies reacted with PBMC from chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, and squirrel monkeys, respectively. Out of the 161 mAb, 38 reacted with all three species and 112 reacted with one or two of the species. No specific reaction was observed with mAb to receptors to GM-CSF, 4–1BB, FLT3, FLX2, common β-chain, IL-1 (type I receptor), and IL-8. 相似文献
14.
Fat embolization (FE), the introduction of bone marrow elements into circulation, is a known complication of bone fractures. Although FE has been described in other animal models, this study represents the first reported cases of FE and bone marrow embolism in nonhuman primates. Histopathologic findings from cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) indicated that in all 5 cases, fat and bone marrow embolization occurred subsequent to multiple bone marrow biopsies. In the most severe case, extensive embolization was associated pulmonary damage consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is an infrequent clinical outcome of FE and is triggered by systemic biochemical and mechanical responses to fat in circulation. Although clinical criteria diagnostic of FES were not investigated at the time of death, this severe case may represent the fulminant form of FES, which occurs within 12 h after trauma. Bone marrow biopsy as an etiology of FES has been reported only once in humans. In addition, the association of embolization with bone marrow biopsies suggests that nonhuman primates may be a useful animal model of FE. FE and FES represent important research confounders and FES should be considered as a differential diagnosis for clinical complications subsequent to skeletal trauma. 相似文献
15.
The rhesus monkey has played an important role in the history of reproductive research. Because of limitations on the exportation and availability of this species, several other species of nonhuman primates have been considered as alternate models. Among them is the crab-eating, or cynomolgus, macaque (Macaca fascicularis), which displays similarities in developmental, reproductive, and physiological parameters. The use of both species of macaques for pregnancy-related studies necessitates the assessment of differences in growth and development through gestation. Observations during the embryonic and fetal periods in both species have been compared with diagnostic ultrasound. Results indicate no significant differences in size during the embryonic and early fetal periods, but a greater acceleration of growth in the rhesus begins at approximately 100–110 gestational days (GD). Analysis of embryonic and fetal heart rates indicate no differences between the two species. Normal predictive values for a variety of growth parameters including gestational sac, greatest length, biparietal diameter, and femur length have boon calculated by multiple regression analysis. These charts have proven useful for confirming the gestational age after timed matings and for predicting the age of animals for which the conception date is not known. 相似文献
16.
Several non-human primate species are used as laboratory animals for research purposes. Non human primates represent a potential hazard for laboratory animal handlers as they exceed all other species in importance as potentiators of disease in laboratory personnel (Quist K.D., 1972). Hepatitis viruses cause some of the prevalent diseases in man which constitute an important public health problem. The first outbreak of the infection was related to non human primates and occurred in 1958-1960 in USA, with more then 200 human cases. Chimpanzee is the main species that has been implicated but others have also been involved. We report a case of seropositivity to HCV antigens in Macaca fascicularis using a third generation RIBA assay. The nature of reactivity of the positive samples could not be resolved as no animal in the breeder colony had been exposed to an HCV source. Furthermore, Macaca spp. did not appear to be a susceptible species in previous studies. 相似文献
17.
Feradis AH Pawitri D Suatha IK Amin MR Yusuf TL Sajuthi D Budiarsa IN Hayes ES 《Journal of medical primatology》2001,30(2):100-106
We have examined the motility, morphology, and cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa collected by needle biopsy from cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). At collection, epididymal sperm (23 x 10(6) +/- 4 x 10(6) sperm/sample; 611 x 10(6) +/- 116 x 10(6) sperm/ ml; n = 18) were alive (79 +/- 2%), motile (67 +/- 2%), and exhibited intact membranes (65 +/- 2%). Sperm maintained at room temperature in handling medium exhibited decreased motility over time, but head-to-head agglutination was limited. Tris egg-yolk extender containing 6% glycerol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) did not significantly affect functional morphology, whereas extender containing propanediol significantly reduced motility, survival, and membrane integrity. Cryostorage reduced all measures of functional morphology independent of cryoprotectant. Post-thaw motility was superior for glycerol and DMSO compared to propanediol. Variation in glycerol concentration (4, 6, and 8%) produced equivocal effects on sperm functional morphology post-thaw. Needle biopsy may be a useful technique for laboratory and field-based collection of spermatozoa from nonhuman primates. 相似文献
18.
Stockinger DE Torrence AE Hukkanen RR Vogel KW Hotchkiss CE Ha JC 《Comparative medicine》2011,61(2):170-175
Dystocia (difficult labor) is an important component of the management of nonhuman primates and results in significant fetal and maternal morbidity and increased use of veterinary resources. Dystocias can arise from abnormalities of the maternal pelvis or fetus or uncoordinated uterine activity. Although risk factors for stillbirths have been established in nonhuman primates, risk factors for dystocias have not. The objective of this study was to determine maternal and fetal risk factors for dystocia in macaques. Retrospective data were collected from 83 pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) diagnosed with dystocia. The diagnosis of dystocia was made based on clinical or pathologic evidence. Maternal records of age, reproductive history, experimental history, clinical records, and fetal birth weight and any applicable fetal necropsy reports were reviewed. The gestational age of the fetus, the infant's birth weight, total previous births by the dam, and the proportions of both viable delivery (inverse effect) and surgical pregnancy interventions (direct effect) in the dam's history generated a model that maximized the experimental variance for predicting dystocia in the current pregnancy and explained 24% of the dystocia deliveries. The number of total previous births and proportion of previous cesarean sections accounted for the greatest effect. This model can identify individual dams within a colony that are at risk for dystocias and allow for changes in breeding colony management, more intense monitoring of dams at risk, or allocation of additional resources. 相似文献
19.
Natural killer (NK) cells from nonhuman primates have not been completely characterized, and methods for expanding nonhuman primates NK cells in vitro have been described only in rhesus species. The purpose of this report was to characterize NK cells in pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina), a species that is frequently used in studies of transplantation biology/immunology, virology, vaccine development, and reproductive biology. NK cells from Macaca nemestrina peripheral blood were best defined by the expression of CD16 and CD8alpha, and the absence of CD3. Subsets of these cells express CD56, NKp30, and NKp46. An enhanced ability to kill K562 cells was not present in fluorescence activated cell sorted (FACS)-purified CD16-/CD3+ and CD16-/CD56+ cells isolated from fresh peripheral blood. However, FACS-purified CD16+/CD3- and CD16+/CD56- cells were highly efficient killers of K562 cells. Macaca nemestrina NK cells can be expanded by in vitro culturing of FACS-purified CD16+/CD2-/CD3-/CD56- cells, or from peripheral blood cells depleted of cells expressing CD3, CD4, and HLA-DR. Cells in these cultures expand 70-fold after 21 days of culturing. After culturing, these cells express high levels of natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) NKp30 and NKp46. NK cell populations obtained from FACS-purified CD16+/CD3-, CD16+/CD56- cells and CD3/CD4/HLA-DR-depleted cells were highly efficient killers of K562 cells. These data suggest that a population of highly enriched cytolytic NK cells can be obtained from purified CD16+/CD3- and CD16+/CD56- cells obtained from peripheral blood, as well as from cells that have been cultured and expanded from peripheral blood that is depleted of CD3/CD4/HLA-DR-expressing cells. 相似文献
20.
It was recently shown that rhythmic entrainment, long considered a human-specific mechanism, can be demonstrated in a selected group of bird species, and, somewhat surprisingly, not in more closely related species such as nonhuman primates. This observation supports the vocal learning hypothesis that suggests rhythmic entrainment to be a by-product of the vocal learning mechanisms that are shared by several bird and mammal species, including humans, but that are only weakly developed, or missing entirely, in nonhuman primates. To test this hypothesis we measured auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) in two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), probing a well-documented component in humans, the mismatch negativity (MMN) to study rhythmic expectation. We demonstrate for the first time in rhesus monkeys that, in response to infrequent deviants in pitch that were presented in a continuous sound stream using an oddball paradigm, a comparable ERP component can be detected with negative deflections in early latencies (Experiment 1). Subsequently we tested whether rhesus monkeys can detect gaps (omissions at random positions in the sound stream; Experiment 2) and, using more complex stimuli, also the beat (omissions at the first position of a musical unit, i.e. the ‘downbeat’; Experiment 3). In contrast to what has been shown in human adults and newborns (using identical stimuli and experimental paradigm), the results suggest that rhesus monkeys are not able to detect the beat in music. These findings are in support of the hypothesis that beat induction (the cognitive mechanism that supports the perception of a regular pulse from a varying rhythm) is species-specific and absent in nonhuman primates. In addition, the findings support the auditory timing dissociation hypothesis, with rhesus monkeys being sensitive to rhythmic grouping (detecting the start of a rhythmic group), but not to the induced beat (detecting a regularity from a varying rhythm). 相似文献