一株种间融合的三倍体杂种酵母减数分裂产物的遗传学分析

通过原生质体融合技术将二倍体酿酒酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅｖａｒ．ｅｌｌｏｐｓｉｏｄｅｕｓ）与单倍体糖化酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｄｉａｓｔａｔｉｃｕｓ）构建成遗传上稳定的种间三倍体融合杂种。实验结果表明,这种融合杂种象有性杂种一样能诱导产孢;对其完整和非完整四分子的遗传分析,证明了通过遗传标记互补选择法获得的种间三倍体融合杂种ＨＵ－ＫＤＦ－２４０在产孢过程中,标记基因发生了分离和交换,出现了亲二型和重组类型;四分子对可溶性淀粉的发酵和不发酵分离比为１∶２,而原养型与营养缺陷型的分离比是１∶１。     

酿酒酵母与糖化酵母的种间原生质体融合及其融合子的鉴定

本文报道了酒精生产菌株K氏酿酒酵母Sacchormyces cerevisiae var.ellipsoideus的HUK-1(his-,二倍体,但在我们所试的5种产孢培养基上均不产孢)与糖化酵母Sac—charomyces diastaticus 7c(arg-,a)的种间原生质体融合,其营养标记互补的融合频率约是2．07×10^-6—3．40×10^-5。这些融合子曾在选择培养基MMs或Mmo上连续传代10次,以促进两亲核的融合。融合子的酒精发酵特性,细胞形态、体积大小、DNA含量、繁殖速率、发酵强度以及产孢能力等方面的观察和测定结果表明,均不同于双亲菌株。用显微操作器解剖了个别原养型融台子HU—KDF—185的4孢子子囊,在获得的93个单孢株中,其淀粉发酵特性和遗传标记均有双亲类型的分离或重组现象。上述实验结果充分证明了不同倍性的酵母之间可以通过原生质体融合获得种间杂种。     

啤酒酵母和产朊假丝酵母属间原生质体融合子的筛选

利用不可逆生化抑制剂碘乙酸抑制一亲株细胞的生理活性和利用两亲株细胞间生理性状的差异性,进行啤酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)原生质体融合子的筛选,属间原生质体融合率为3.47×10~(-6)。经菌落形态比较,碳化合物的同化和发酵,DNA含量测定,酯酶型分析,细胞核染色,产孢试验和自然的核分离实验证明,融合子分三种类型:87.21%产朊假丝醇母型;9.02%啤酒酵母型;3.77%真正核融合子型。     

影响蜡蚧轮枝菌发酵产孢量和孢子活力的基本因素分析

不同接种浓度、发酵时间、菌株和基质对蜡蚧轮枝菌固体发酵的产孢量都有显著影响,而对孢子活力的影响不明显,萌发率均在90%以上.在5至7天内,随发酵时间的延长产孢量有明显增长;7至10天则变化不大;15天时产孢量和孢子活力均显著降低.随接种孢子浓度每增加1倍,菌株(VLFNL95-01)发酵的产孢量平均提高15.6%,浓度加大至32倍则提高71.9%.3个菌株比较,VLFNL95-01产孢量明显高得多.不同固体基质发酵的结果有显著差异,产孢量最高的(正交3号配方)比其次的(黄豆饼粉+玉米碎粒+磷酸盐)就提高了95.1%.     

原生质体融合构建耐温酵母菌株(英文)

耐温的克鲁维酵母（Ｙ０３４）与产酒率高的酿酒酵母（Ａ００１）进行属间原生质体融合构建耐温酵母菌株,经ＤＴＴ分段预处理获得大量具再生活性原生质体对融合株ＡＹ０２３等进行了乙醇脱氢酶同工酶,麦芽糖同化,遗传稳定性及高温发酵分析,融合株ＡＹ０２３表达了双亲遗传特性。在４５℃高温发酵条件,乙醇产率高达７．４％,是目前已见文献报道的产酒率最高的耐温（４５℃）酵母菌株     

高产武夷菌素wysR基因过表达菌株的筛选及菌株生物特性研究

以武夷菌素生物合成正调控基因wys R过表达菌株为初选材料,通过琼脂块法对2 060个过表达菌株单菌落进行初筛,得到35个优选菌株,再采用摇瓶发酵复筛的方法筛选出9个高产菌株,并通过菌株遗传稳定性分析,最终确定W-273菌株为最优菌株。研究武夷菌素wys R基因过表达菌株W-273的生理生化特征,发现与原始菌株CK-15相比,W-273菌株生长迅速,产孢量增加且产孢时间提前,W-273菌株生长3-4 d即可完成产孢,较菌株CK-15产孢时间提前了3-4 d;电子显微镜观察W-273菌株和CK-15菌株孢子形态不同,W-273菌株孢子呈椭圆形或杆状,CK-15菌株孢子呈圆形;通过摇瓶发酵表明W-273菌株较CK-15菌株代谢旺盛,抗生素产量提高79%-289%,且最佳发酵时间缩短4-8 h。     

克鲁维酵母与酿酒酵母属间原生质体融合构建高温酵母菌株

通过ＰＥＧ诱导碘乙酸灭活呼吸缺陷克鲁维酵母原生质体与酿酒酵母原生质体融合,获得４５℃发酵产酒率高达８．７％的高温酵母菌株ＡＹ００６。线粒体缺失和氯霉素抑制可显著降低高密度原生质体回复抑制效应。对融合子菌落形态,同工酶性质和高温发酵等方面分析,融合株表达了耐温和高产酒率双亲优良性状,证实其杂种特征。     

白僵菌固态发酵试验研究*

以产孢量为指标,筛选出白僵菌固态发酵的培养基为:90%麦麸+5%玉米粉+5%黄豆粉,原孢粉的产孢量可达244.7亿/g。在25m³发酵罐内进行浅盘固态发酵,培养基的最适起始含水率为60%~65%;最佳通气条件为:前12h不通气,12~48h通气量为1:2,48~144h的通气量为1:1;而温度只需在12~48±8h内进行控制。常温干燥能最大限度地维持白僵菌的活孢率。     

克鲁维酵母与酿酒酵母属问原生质体融合构建高温酵母菌株*

通过PEG诱导碘乙酸灭活呼吸缺陷克鲁维酵母（Kluyveromycessp．Y034）原生质体与酿酒酵母（SaccharomycescerevisiaeA001）原生质体融合,获得45℃发酵产酒率高达8．7％的高温酵母菌株AY006。线粒体缺失和氯霉素抑制可显著降低高密度原生质体回复抑制效应。对融合子菌落形态、同工酶性质和高温发酵等方面分析,融合株表达了耐温和高产酒率双亲优良性状,证实其杂种特征。     

十种虫生真菌液体培养芽生孢子的形态发生

芽生孢子是许多真菌通过出芽方式产生的无性孢子,在液体发酵中主要以这种形式大量繁殖。真菌杀虫剂活性成分分生孢子的大量生产使用液体发酵得到的芽生孢子作为接种物,另外,它也是当今虫生真菌遗传转化的重要受体,因而研究虫生真菌芽生孢子的形态和发生特点具有重要意义。本研究分别对液体发酵中的球孢白僵菌、粉棒束孢、蝉棒束孢、环链棒束孢、玫烟色棒束孢、细脚棒束孢、斜链棒束孢、金龟子绿僵菌、蝗绿僵菌和蜡蚧霉等10种常见虫生真菌芽生孢子的形成过程进行显微观察,了解其分生孢子产生过程的异同。结果表明,芽生孢子的产生方式有两种类型：1）蝉棒束孢在其整个生活史中以菌丝生长为主,芽生孢子产生的数量很少。2）其他各种真菌芽生孢子产生方式相似,在菌丝体形成后就开始大量以菌丝出芽或缢缩产生芽生孢子,接着还可通过芽生孢子的出芽或缢缩断裂产生新的芽生孢子。芽生孢子的产生分为3个时期：初期先由菌丝形成芽生孢子;指数期芽生孢子大量增殖,菌丝和芽生孢子都可产生芽生孢子;后期以芽生孢子产新芽生孢子为主要方式。     

Fusion of yeast spheroplasts.

Spheroplasts of two different auxotrophic strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both of mating type a, were fused with the aid of polyethylene glycol and calcium ions. After reversion to vegetative cells in solid media, the resulting zygotes were shown to be diploid cells of mating type aa.     

Fusion of T and B cells.

Hybrid cells were prepared by fusin an immunoglobulin-secreting mouse myeloma lin e (B cell) with an allogenic T-cell lymphoma which expresses the surface antigen Thy 1. The resulting hybrids expressed H2 antigens of both parental cells and secreted the immunoblobulin of the myeloma parent but did not express the Thy 1 antigen of the lymphoma parent. Twenty-one hybrids were formed from fusion of the same myeloma line with TNP-SRBC-primed spleen cells. Most of the hybrid lines exhibited characteristics expected for the fusion of the myeloma to B lymphocytes. No hybrids between the myeloma line and spleen T cells were identified as none of the hybrids expressed the T-cell-specific antigen Thy 1. We discuss possible reasons for failure to produce hybrids with T-cell characteristics in these types of fusion.     

在大肠杆菌体内有效地表达以组蛋白为骨架的融合蛋白HNHG

研究了在大肠杆菌体内表达了以组蛋白C 末端为骨架的融合蛋白HNHG[H(HA2 0 )N(NLS)H(组蛋白H10 的C末端 97个氨基酸 )G(GE7) ],并发现质粒DNA与其形成复合体后 ,在电镜下出现与体内染色体相同的凝聚、螺旋现象。由于HNHG的这种有效地结合质粒、并使之凝聚的特性 ,有望使之成为新兴的能将外源基因导入体内的载体系统。     

Fusion of Mycoplasma fermentans strain incognitus with T-lymphocytes.

The ability of Mycoplasma fermentans (strain incognitus) to fuse with cultured lymphocytes was investigated and the fusion process was characterized. Fusion was measured using an assay to determine lipid mixing based on the dequenching of the fluorescent probe, octadecylrhodamine (R18), that was incorporated into the mycoplasma cells. Fusion of M. fermentans was detected with both CD4+ (Molt 3) and CD4- (12-E1) cells. The amount of fusion induced was relatively low and ranged from 5-10% with either cell culture. When primary peripheral blood lymphocytes were used the fusion yield was somewhat higher, reaching 12% of the cell population. Similar findings were obtained with fluorescent microscopy analysis suggesting that a predetermined, but unidentified subpopulation of cultured lymphocytes, were being fused. The rate of fusion was temperature dependent. Following a short lag period fusion at 37 degrees C was virtually completed in 60 min. The lymphocytes remained intact throughout the fusion process, as determined by the Trypan blue staining procedure. Fusion was almost completely inhibited by anti-M. fermentans antisera and by pretreatment of M. fermentans cells with proteolytic enzymes, suggesting that a surface-exposed proteinaceous component is involved in the fusion process.     

Fusion of mitochondria with protoplasts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Summary Protoplasts prepared from a neutral petite haploid BO60AF-1 (a ade2 arg4 leu2 trp C ^O E ^O O ^{O O O}) were mixed with mitochondria isolated from an oligomycin resistant respiring haploid AN^ROR 12D (a his4 leu2 thr4 C ^S E ^S O _II ^{R + +}) and treated with 30% polythylene glycol and CaCl₂. When the treated protoplasts were spread and incubated on selective agar plates, oligomycin resistant respiration-sufficient colonies appeared with low frequency. All of these colonies carried the mitochondrial genotype of C ^S E ^S O _II ^{R + +} and showed the same mating type and nutritional requirements as did BO60AF-1, thus evidencing the mitochondrial transfer into protoplasts. Recombination and transmission of the mitochondrial drug resistance markers were studied in crosses involving the strains issued from mitochondria accepted protoplasts.     

Fusion expression of mutated cecropin CMIV inE. coli

A cDNA coding mutated cecropin CMIV fromBombyx mori was synthesized according to its amino acid sequence usingE. coli biased codons. The gene was cloned into the fusion expression vector pEZZ318 and was expressed inE. coli HB101. The fusion protein produced was purified by affinity chromatography to yield 26 mg/L fusion product. The anti-bacterial activities of recombinant cecropin CMIV were recovered after cleavage by chemical method.     

V. D. Shafranov and Necessary Conditions for Fusion Energy

Plasma Physics Reports - By the presented paper I tried to express my deep appreciation to Vitaly D. Shafranov who was my supervisor, friend and mentor. The great value of his equilibrium theory is...     

天冬氨酸酶E.coli融合表达研究

以大肠杆菌基因组DNA为模板,设计引物扩增得到天冬氨酸酶基因,将其重组于胞内融合表达型T载体中,重组质粒转化表达宿主大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。SDS-PAGE分析表明,工程菌经IPTG诱导,表达大量表观分子量约75kD的融合蛋白。经试验,工程菌细胞具有较高的天冬氨酸酶活性,融合形式的酶最适温度37℃,最适pH8.5,融合伴侣DsbA的存在对酶活没有影响。