龙眼茎尖离体培养及其脱毒效果

ShootTipCultureandEliminationVirusofLonganCHENJing－Ying,CHENJing－Yao（FruitResearchInstitute,FujianAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Fuzhou350013）1植物名称龙眼（Dimocarpuslongan）。2材料类别6年生龙眼实生苗、嫁接苗和具典型龙眼鬼帚病（Longanwitches’broom）病株的顶、侧芽与带芽的茎段,以及从萌发芽切取的2mm茎尖。病株经热处理（温室,白天40℃、12h,夜间30℃、12h）90d后,切取培养萌发的芽茎尖1mm。3培养条件培养基：（1）MS＋IAA0.3mg／L（单位下同）;（2）MS＋6－BA0.3＋IAA0．1;（3）MS＋…     

接骨木的茎尖培养和快速繁殖

<正> 前言 接骨木属忍冬科接骨木属植物,枝、叶入药,主治骨折、跌打损伤,风湿性关节炎等,嫩叶可食,种子可榨油,供肥皂及工业用,髓部甚大可做生物学手切片的支持物,又是庭园观赏树种。 现在生产上用种子繁殖,繁殖系数低,品种混杂,病害严重。为了加快繁殖,采用组织培养的方法,进行无性繁殖,是去病害,提高纯度的有效途径。植物的茎尖,有非常活跃的顶端分生组织,易于发挥细胞的全能性而诱导再生植株。同时茎尖很少病毒感染,可以从茎尖     

花卉茎尖培养脱毒与检测

花卉的病毒病是花卉栽培和球茎生产中的大问题 ,由于采用扦插、分株等繁殖方法 ,都有可能感染 1种或数种病毒 ( Virus)或类病毒 ( Viroids)。长期无性繁殖 ,使病毒积累 ,危害加重 ,使切花质量变劣 ,产花量降低 ,花色不纯 ,生长势削弱 ,如兰花、菊花、香石竹和唐菖蒲等 ,都有去除病毒的问题。病毒脱除技术 ,通常采用热处理和茎尖培养来实现。有些病毒经热处理 ,即植株种植在35～ 38℃条件下 2个月可达到使病毒失活的去毒效果。有些病毒用热处理难以奏效 ,须通过茎尖培养实现。1　茎尖培养的原理开创这一繁殖方法的是法国人 Morel。他在 196…     

马哈利樱桃茎尖培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称马哈利樱桃(Cerasus mahaleb)又称圆叶樱桃. 2材料类别茎尖. 3培养条件以MS为基本培养基.(1)起始培养基:MS 6-BA 0.2～0.5 mg·L-1(单位下同) 3%蔗糖;(2)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 2.0 IAA 0.5 GA30.5 3%白砂糖;(3)生根培养基:1/2MS IAA2.0(或IBA 0.6) 2%白砂糖.以上培养基均加琼脂0.6%,pH 5.8,121℃、0.11MPa下灭菌25 min.培养温度23～27℃/15～18℃,光照12 h·d-1,光照度2 500 lx.     

番木瓜茎尖和侧芽的离体培养

植物名称:番木瓜(Carica papaya)。材料类别:茎尖、侧芽。培养条件:取自大田1.4～1.7m高植株上的外植体经10％漂白粉或0.1％升汞(其中加1～2滴Tweon-20)表面消毒8～10分钟,再用灭菌水洗3～4次,切成2～3mm的楔形片。诱导丛芽分化的MS培养基,大量元素提高0.5倍,附加NAA0.1～     

甘蔗茎尖培养中减轻酚害

甘蔗茎尖组织预先在无菌水中浸泡30 min后,再接种到附加6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1、NAA 0.1 mg·L-1的MS培养基中,可减轻外植体的褐变;茎尖诱导培养基中直接附加适量的活性炭(AC,以0.02%为宜,最高不超过0.05%),减轻茎尖组织酚害的效果最理想.另外,在培养基中附加抗氧化剂(如:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,PVP),或根据外植体的褐变情况及时转移到新鲜的培养基中,均能减轻甘蔗茎尖组织的酚害.     

芋茎尖离体培养和快速繁殖

对芋优良品种莱阳毛羊头进行茎尖培养和快速繁殖。试验表明,外植体表面灭菌的最佳方案是乙醇→新洁尔灭→剥幼叶→升汞。在较软的培养基中,茎尖大于0．6mm,成活率为90％以上。不定芽分化的最适培养基为MS＋BA1（mg／L以下单位相同）＋NAA0．2＋Spm20,其分化率为100％。不定芽在MS＋BA2＋NAA0．1＋Spm50的培养基中,可实现继代繁殖和诱导生根一步完成,月增殖系数达7．3,生根率88．3％。芋试管苗移栽于沙壤土基中,成活率为90％以上,且生长健壮,根系发达。     

“首红”苹果的茎尖培养及快速繁殖

TissueCultureandRapidPropagationofApple"Redchief"SHIXiao-Xin;GAOYi;MABao-Kun(DepartmentofHorticulure,HebeiAgriculturalUniversity,Booding071001)1植物名称苹果（Maluspumila)品种“首红”。2材料类别五年生树茎尖生长点。3培养条件（1）起始培养基：改良C17（大量元素与C17，培养基[1]相同，其它成分同MS培养基）＋6－BA0．5mg·L－1（单位下同）＋IBA0．2＋CH300＋3％食用白砂糖；（2）增殖培养基：改良C17＋6－BA1．0＋NAA0．04＋3．5％食用白砂糖；（3）生根培养基：1／2改良C17＋IBA0．5＋IAA1．0＋PP3…     

荔枝和龙眼种子胚轴的脱水及贮存

新采收的荔枝和龙眼种子的离体胚轴,在pH4.8 8.0的WPM培养基中均可正常生长成苗,加入KT和NAA对胚轴的生长有—定的抑制作用。荔枝和龙眼种子离体胚轴的临界含水量分别为30％和23％,低于此阈值时,生活力迅速下降,且培养25天不能成苗。经短期贮存的荔枝和龙眼种子离体胚轴生活力下降很快,其中脱水的较未脱水的胚轴下降快,且贮存后的胚轴接种后易感染。脱水至临界含水量的龙眼离体胚轴经液氮贮存后约有25—50％的存活率,荔枝胚轴则不能存活。     

寄生于龙眼上的两个腔胞纲真菌新种

本文报道寄生于龙眼Dimocarpus longan上的两个腔胞纲新种:龙眼盘二孢Marssonina dimocarpi 和龙眼叶点霉Phyllosticta dimocarpi,附有拉丁文简介描述及形态图,模式标本保存于广西大学农学院真菌标本室。     

龙眼剥皮再生的解剖学研究

龙眼(Dimocarpus tongan Lour.)茎干经过大面积环剥,都能再生出新皮。环剥初期,愈伤组织都由近暴露面的射线细胞产生,稍后,其他未成熟木质部细胞也参加愈伤组织的形成,这些愈伤组织一般在靠近表面都可发生木栓形成层,以后迅速形成正常的周皮。在愈伤组织与木质部交界处的未成熟木质部细胞发生维管形成层。新发生的形成层正常地向外分化出次生韧皮部,向内分化出次生木质部。初期有些原来的射线将新形成层带分割成许多小区,二个月后,由于新的形成层不断平周活动,逐渐将形成层连成一圈,以后基本上与正常树皮维管组织的发育一样。     

THE SHOOT APEX OF HYMENAEA COURBARIL (LEGUMINOSAE)

Shoot apices of Hymenaea courbaril are representative of those of many distichous plants, showing sharp intraplastochronic changes as a result of differential growth of the most recently formed primordium and the apical meristem proper. However, an unusual feature of this species is the complex arrangement of stipules. These enclose their own leaves as well as younger structures. Furthermore, the midregions of the stipules fuse ontogenetically at their bases, separating the newly formed leaf from the young shoot. Examination of apices of H. courbaril and H. stilbocarpa with the SEM shows similar morphological features in these two species.     

ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SHOOT APEX OF TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM)

The vegetative shoot apical meristem of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was examined at the ultrastructural level. The meristem consisted of a surface layer that was different from the rest of the meristem and was unique among the dicotyledonous species. The cells of the surface layer contained large distal vacuoles with relatively large electron-dense inclusions, proplastids with membrane-bound inclusions (MB), and differentiating chloroplasts. In addition, periclinal and oblique divisions were observed in the surface layer cells along with anticlinal divisions. The cells of the subsurface layers contained small vacuoles with fewer inclusions as well as proplastids of various shapes but without MB. Differentiating chloroplasts were not observed in these cells, but autophagic vacuoles at various stages of development were present. The normal complement of cell inclusions, e.g., the mitochondria, golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ribosomes, and microtubules were observed in subsurface layers, and in many cells the ER was observed to be continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope and with the plasmalemma. Further below in the meristem, cells contained both the proplastids and differentiating chloroplasts with MB. In the latter, the outer membrane of the MB was found to be continuous with the developing lamellae, suggesting that MB probably serve as the storage centers for lamellae membranes. Near the base of the meristem, in the pith-rib meristem, enlarged cells containing large vacuoles and differentiated chloroplasts were present.     

半夏茎尖培养及块茎的品质改良

离体培养半夏Ｐｉｎｅｌｌｉａ ｔｅｒｎａｔａ 茎尖获得小植株。用其叶柄作外植体在ＭＳ添加２,４－Ｄ 和ＫＴ的培养基上诱导出愈伤组织,继代培养中挑选出一种表面呈颗粒状、易分散、生长快的愈伤组织。在ＭＳ添加ＫＴ０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ, ＮＡＡ ０．２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ的培养基上,叶柄可直接分化形成小植株,愈伤组织通过形成小块茎的途径产生完整植株。块茎顶端芽分化过程中,先形成的叶原基或幼叶总是覆盖着后面的叶原基而出现一种依次叠套的特殊结构。液体浅层培养对试管苗的增殖速率比固体培养快１ 倍。叶柄和愈伤组织的小植株分化率均在７０％ 以上,移栽成活率为１００％ 。试管苗的块茎产量（鲜重）比对照（用小块茎繁殖）的净块茎产量（鲜重）高１０３％ 。试管苗块茎的总生物碱含量为０．３４４％ ,野生和人工栽培半夏块茎的总生物碱含量分别为０．２６４％ 和０．２０３％ 。