无籽西瓜茎尖组织培养技术的研究

为了解决无籽西瓜育种中存在的种子发芽率低,成苗率低和无籽率低的难题,我们利用无籽西瓜茎尖进行组织培养.采用了正交旋转设计方法,筛选出了较适宜的分化培养基(NH_4NO_3500mg/1、KNO_2500mg/1、KH_2PO_4370mg/1、铁盐10ml,附加BA 0.5mg/1、IBA 0.4mg/1其余用量同MS基,pH=6.4)和生根培养基(在分化培养基的基础上去掉BA,糖为20g/1,适用于85—4品种。然后在此基础上,KNO_2增加的750mg/1,KT0.1mg/1即适用于85—1、85—3两个品种)分化率平均为3.6倍;生根事率为100％。研究结果证明:1.促进试管苗分化生长是由多因素多水平综合效应的结果,所以在筛选培养基时要注意多因素多水平的协调配比。2.尽管是相同种类的植物,由于品种间的差异大,对培养基的适应性也有差异。     

生姜茎尖组织培养和快速繁殖研究

以生姜茎尖为外植体进行培养,筛选诱导愈伤组织和生根的最佳培养基。结果表明,在茎尖培养中,合理的消毒处理对茎尖成活率影响很大;以MS+6-BA 1.5mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L为最适茎尖诱导培养基,可一次诱导形成愈伤组织,并直接形成带根幼苗,月增殖倍数为6.9倍,成活率76.9%。生姜腋芽继代培养基MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+KT 1.0mg/L,以腐殖质土:菜园土=1:1基质可促进小苗后期生长,加速成苗。     

大花美人蕉茎尖组织培养技术研究

以大花美人蕉(Canna×generalis)根茎茎尖为外植体进行组织培养技术研究,筛选出芽诱导适宜的培养基为MS+6-BA 8.0mg/L (单位下同)+TDZ 0.03;MS+6-BA 8.0+TDZ 0.03+NAA 0.1培养基能较好地诱导分化出丛生芽,继代增殖培养中与MS+6-BA 3.0+TDZ 0.03+NAA 0.1培养基交替使用可减少畸形芽,增殖系数达1.67;适宜的生根培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0+NAA 0.5,生根率达66.67%,且植株生长健壮,移栽易成活。     

红叶石楠茎尖组织培养与快速繁殖

红叶石楠(Photinia frasery Dress)是蔷薇科石楠属(Photinia Lindl.)的杂交种,又称"红罗宾石楠" (‘RedRobin’),由中国产的石楠(P. serrulata Lindl.)与光叶石楠[P. glabra (Thunb.) Maxim.]杂交而成,为常绿小乔木,因其具有鲜红色的新梢和嫩叶而得名.     

葡萄试管苗热处理结合茎尖培养脱病毒效果的研究

对７个生食葡萄品种的试管苗热处理结合茎尖剥离培养脱除病毒的方法做了研究,结果表明,从热处理试管苗剥离的茎尖培养成活率为６１．２％,其中有１８．１％的成苗。各品种热处理试管苗剥离的茎尖分化再生能力不同：先形成愈伤组织的成苗率较低,而先分化芽的茎尖成苗率较高。这一方法对扇叶病毒和卷叶病毒的脱除率达９２％以上。     

绞股蓝茎尖组织培养和植株再生研究

以绞股蓝茎尖作为外植体,接种于ＭＳ＋１ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ＋０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ的培养基中,茎尖逐渐形成芽苗,芽苗分离后接种于ＭＳ＋１ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ＋０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ的培养基中进行增殖培养,同时从增殖的芽苗上不断地诱导出幼苗,将幼苗分离转入不含激素的ＭＳ培养基中,幼苗生根,形成完整的植株。     

亳芍茎尖组织培养的研究

选取亳芍茎尖为试验材料,探究不同培养条件对亳芍组织培养的影响,结果表明:亳芍茎尖在1/2MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L培养基上培养39 d后,茎尖分化出芽的同时也形成较多的丛生芽;丛生芽在1/2MS+6-BA1.0mg/L培养基上增殖速度最快;来自不同启动培养基上的丛生芽在相同培养基上,接种15 d后观察,不同来源的丛生芽长势不同,30 d后仍存在一定的差异;幼苗在1/2MS+IBA 0.1生根效果最好。     

魔芋茎尖组织培养和植株再生的研究

以魔芋茎尖、幼芽为外植本,接种于１／２ＭＳ＋１．０ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ＋０．０１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ的培养基中,茎尖、幼芽逐渐生长直接形成幼芽或幼苗;或从茎尖、幼芽由来的膨大的块茎组织表面诱导出幼芽。膨大的块茎组织分割后接种于ＭＳ＋０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋０．０１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ的培养基中进行增殖培养,同时从增殖的块茎组织表面不断地诱导出幼芽。幼芽切块转入不含激素的ＭＳ培养基中,形成幼苗。幼苗切块转入ＭＳ＋０．１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ的生根培养茎中,幼苗生根,形成完整的植株。试管苗移栽６个月后获得干块茎。     

丹参的组织培养及快速繁殖

1　植物名称　丹参 (Salviamiltiorrhiza)。2　材料类别　茎尖。3　培养条件　培养基 :( 1 )MS + 6 BA 2 .0mg·L- 1(单位下同 ) +NAA 1 .0 + 6.0 %蔗糖 ;( 2 )MS + 6 BA 1 .0 + 3.0 %蔗糖 ;( 3)MS +NAA 0 .2 +IAA 0 .2+ 3.0 %蔗糖。上述培养基中琼脂均为 0 .7% ,pH5 .8～ 6.0。培养温度为 2 3～ 2 6℃ ,每天光照 1 4h ,光照度为 2 0 0 0lx。4　生长与分化情况4.1　无菌材料的获得　从生长健壮、无病虫害的丹参植株上切取 5cm带顶芽的茎段 ,除去叶片 ,置烧杯中用自来水冲洗 30min ,取出后在超净工作台上先用 70 %～ 75 %酒精表面消…     

影响芋茎尖培养中脱毒和快速繁殖的几个生理因素

以3个芋品种（‘石川早生’、‘虾籽芋’、‘叶用芋）球茎茎尖为外植体,进行脱病毒和快繁的结果表明,外植体表面灭菌的最佳方法是剥鳞片→乙醇→新洁尔灭→剥幼叶→氯化汞;适宜茎尖分化的培养基为MS＋1．0-2．0mg·L^-16-BA＋0．2mg·L^-1 NAA。生物学方法和电镜观察显示：连续3代0．5-0．7mm茎尖剥离培养对芋花叶病毒（DMV）的脱毒率达100％。在培养基MS＋0．2mg·L^-1 NAA中,适量添加6-BA和TDZ,三品种芋的试管苗增殖效果好;附加KT,试管苗生长健壮且利于生根：添加20-100mg·L^-1的精胺（spm）,可促进不定芽的发生,与KT配合使用可促使继代增殖和成苗一步完成。完整植株在草炭土：蛭石=1：1的基质中,移栽成活率超过97％,且苗生长健壮。     

菊花多糖的研究进展

菊花多糖是菊花中重要的活性成分,日益受到人们的重视。文章介绍了菊花多糖的结构、提取、分离、纯化、测定方法、生物活性等的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望,为深入研究菊花多糖提供参考。     

菊花的化学成分研究

通过硅胶、Sephadex LH-20反复柱层析、纯化,从菊花的乙醇提取物中分离得到14个化合物,利用波谱方法分离鉴定为香叶木素(chrysoeriol,1),木犀草素(luteolin,2),芹菜素(apigenin,3),香叶木素7-O--βD-葡萄糖苷(chrysoeriol 7-O--βD-glucopyranoside,4),木犀草素7-O--βD-葡萄糖苷(luteolin 7-O--βD-glucopyranoside,5),金合欢素7-O--βD-葡萄糖苷(acacetin 7-O--βD-glucopyranoside,6),刺槐苷(acacetin 7-O--βD-glucopyranosyl(6→1)--αL-rhamnopy-ranoside,7),金合欢素7-O-(6″-O-乙酰)--βD-葡萄糖苷(acacetin 7-O-(6″-O-acetyl)--βD-glucopyranoside,8),金合欢素(acacetin,9),山奈酚(kaempferol,10),异泽兰黄素(eupatilin,11),大黄素(emodin,12),大黄酚(chrysophanol,13)和大黄素甲醚(physcion,14)。其中化合物8~14均为首次从菊花中分离得到。     

Clonal propagation of Acacia catechu Willd. by shoot tip culture

A method is described for in vitromicropropagation through shoot apices of Acaciacatechu Willd., a semi-arid tree valued for Katha (atanin-like substance obtained from red heart wood of10–20 year old trees) and timber. Explants wereexcised from 15-days-old in vitro grownseedlings raised from superior seed stocks. Shoot budinduction from shoot apex explants was observed onMurashige and Skoog's (MS) [12] medium containingvarious growth regulators. A maximum of 12 shoots wasobtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1.5 mg/l kinetin.Well-developed shoots (3–4 cm long) were rooted on strength MS medium with 3.0 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and sucrose 1.5%. In vitro regenerated plantlets of A. catechu were transferred to field conditions.     

杜衡离体繁殖的研究

以马兜铃科植物杜衡为研究材料,试图通过茎尖培养来获得愈伤组织,继而诱导愈伤组织分化形成杜衡小植株。试验证明：杜衡茎尖在MS基本培养基附加6-BA 0.6mg/l和NAA0.1mg/;这一激素组合上可诱导茎尖基部形成愈伤组织;将愈伤组织分割转接到附加6-BA0.2mg/l和NAA0.01mg/l 的MS基本幅度基上可使愈伤组织分化形成小芽;分化形成的芽置于1/8-1/4MS(大量元素减少,其余成分不变)附加6-BA0.1mg/l和GA1mg/l的培养基上,可促使芽的正常生长;新生芽转接在1/4MS附加IBA0.5mg/l培养基上促使其生根。     

Polyamine metabolism,floral initiation and floral development in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)

In the short-day plant Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. variety Pavo) putrescine and spermidine conjugates appeared in the apical bud before the first observable transformation of the meristem into floral structures. These compounds accumulated on floral initiation and well before floral evocation. Spermidine conjugates were predominant during floral initiation whereas free amines did not accumulate to any significant extent. Different associations of amides were observed during floral initiation as compared with the reproductive phase. 3,4-Dimethoxyphenethylamine conjugates (water-insoluble compounds) were the predominant amine conjugates observed during flower development. These compounds decreased drastically after fertilization. In vegetative buds from plants grown in long days polyamine conjugates were very low and appeared as plants aged. We present evidence that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) regulates putrescine biosynthesis during floral initiation and floral development. When ODC action was blocked by DFMO (-DL-difluoromethylornithine, a specific, irreversible inhibitor of ODC), flowering was inhibited, and free and conjugated polyamines were not detected. This treatment led to a slight enhancement of ADC activity. When putrescine was added, polyamine titers and flowering were restored. A similar treatment with DFMA (-DL difluoromethylarginine, a specific, irreversible inhibitor of ADC) did not affect flowering and the polyamine titers. The results suggest that ODC and polyamine conjugates are involved in regulating floral initiation in Chrysanthemum.Abbreviations ADC arginine decarboxylase - ODC ornithine decarboxylase - DFMA -DL-difluoromethylarginine - DFMO -DL-difluoromethylornithine     

赤霉素对单头切花菊发育和外观品质的影响

在菊花幼苗定植到短日照处理期间,喷施50、100、150、200mg·L^-1赤霉素的结果表明：菊花发育进程加快,收获期明显缩短,在0-200mg·L^-1赤霉素范围内随赤霉素浓度的增加,发育进程加快明显,200mg·L^-1赤霉素处理的所需天数最短。株高、花径和花梗长度的生长受到促进,茎粗和叶片数生长受抑。     

不同菊花品种根系、地上部和叶片相关指标分析及抗逆性评价

采用盆栽法对6个菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)品种幼苗的根系和地上部相关指标及叶片光合和气体交换参数进行了比较和相关性分析;并基于叶片相对含水量、相对电导率、丙二醛含量和可溶性糖含量4个生理生化指标,采用隶属函数法对不同菊花品种幼苗的抗旱性和耐热性进行了评价.结果表明:不同菊花品种间幼苗的根系和地上部相关指标及叶片光合和气体交换参数存在一定差异.相关性分析结果表明:根系的大多数相关指标与株高呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关,但与茎粗和单株叶数却没有显著相关性;并且,单株的根体积、根鲜质量和干质量与单株地上部鲜质量呈极显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.598、0.642和0.599),与单株地上部干质量呈极显著或显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.736、0.606和0.553).主根长与净光合速率和蒸腾速率,平均根长与水分利用效率及单株根鲜质量与蒸腾速率呈显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.475、0.517、0.570和0.477);单株根干质量与蒸腾速率及根系活力与净光合速率和水分利用效率呈极显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.641、0.877和0.814).抗逆性评价结果表明:品种'南农红霞'('Nannong Hongxia')、'大白托桂'('Qx073')和'天使'('Angelina')的平均隶属函数值分别为0.93、0.93和0.72,据此判断这3个菊花品种的抗旱性最强;品种'馒头菊'('Cayman')和'南农红霞'的平均隶属函数值分别为0.82和0.70,据此判断这2个菊花品种的耐热性最强.综上所述,不同菊花品种幼苗的根系相关指标差异明显,并且根系生长状况能够影响地上部的生长和发育,品种'南农红霞'的抗旱性和耐热性均很强,具有较高的抗性育种价值.     

In vitro propagation of Halesia carolina L. and the influence of explantation timing on initial shoot proliferation

Halesia carolina L., a small, ornamentally valuable tree, is difficult to propagate due to the complexity of seed propagation and the unavailability of propagules for conventional vegetative propagation. A micropropagation system was developed to facilitate easy propagation of this species. Actively growing shoot tips achieved optimum shoot proliferation from axillary buds when placed on Woody Plant Medium supplemented with 1.0 to 2.5 mg/l benzyladenine. The addition of 0.1 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid had little effect on culture performance. Murashige and Skoog medium was incapable of supporting vigorous shoot proliferation. Non-sterile rooting conditions provided better rooting and subsequent plantlet growth, when compared to an in vitro rooting method. The seasonal fluctuations in the stock plant dramatically affected the shoot proliferating potential of the explants in vitro. Rapidly elongating shoots formed shoot proliferating cultures more slowly than explants taken either before or after the rapid elongation phase.     

High frequency shoot regeneration and plantlet formation from root tip of garlic

An efficient and novel method of direct shoot regeneration from root tips in garlic was developed. The influence of growth regulators, basal media and age of root explant on shoot initiation and proliferation was examined. The best growth regulator combination was 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 6-benzyladenine at 1 and 10 μM, respectively, inducing shoot initiation from 75% of the explants. The frequency of shoot initiation on different basal media was similar. Explant root tips from plantlets taken 15 to 18 days after sprouting showed the highest shoot initiation (95%). In contrast to Murashige and Skoog medium, which produced more than 10 shoots per explant, B5 medium produced smaller shoots, although the number was higher. Rooting of individual shoots was induced after transfer to medium without growth regulators. Plantlets, after acclimatization in a growth cabinet, were successfully transplanted to the field, and no phenotypic variation was observed among them. The technique has potential applicability for rapid propagation of garlic. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.