溶解性有机质对土壤中有机污染物环境行为的影响

土壤中溶解性有机质(DOM)是生物活性和物理化学反应活性都很活跃的有机组分,主要通过疏水吸附、分配、氢键、电荷转移、共价键、范德华力等多种作用与有机污染物结合,提高溶液中有机污染物的溶解度,改变土壤中有机污染物的吸附-解吸、迁移-转化等环境行为．DOM对有机污染物的吸附-解吸、迁移-转化过程的影响有双重性：一方面,DOM与有机污染物在土壤表面的共吸附可增加土壤对有机污染物的吸附容量,促进有机污染物在土壤中的吸持;另一方面,DOM对有机污染物的增溶作用,有利于土壤中有机污染物的解吸,提高移动性．作为光敏剂,DOM能提高土壤中有机物的光解反应速率．在一定条件下,DOM也可影响土壤中有机污染物的水解过程．DOM对土壤中有机污染物环境行为的影响与DOM和有机污染物的性质及其相互作用的介质条件密切相关．     

生物炭对污染物的土壤环境行为影响研究进展

近年来,生物炭已成为农业、生态修复和环境保护领域的研究热点。一般认为,生物炭具有改善土壤质量、增加土壤碳汇、减少大气CO2浓度以及修复污染环境等功能。大量的生物炭施用到土壤后会改变土壤性质,影响重金属和有机污染物在土壤中的环境行为以及它们在环境中的归趋。本文就生物炭对土壤中重金属的吸附-解吸、在土壤中的形态转化、在土壤-植物系统中迁移行为、对有机污染物的吸附挥发及生物有效性进行了概述;在此基础上,扼要分析了当前生物炭应用存在的环境风险等问题,并从生物炭在土壤中的迁移转化及其归趋、生物炭的长期环境效应以及生物炭应用方向等方面进行了展望。     

污染土壤中多环芳烃生物降解的调控研究

选用温度、湿度、表面活性剂ＴＷ８０和ＣＮＰ比４个因素为调控因子,采用正交法进行周期为１５０天的实验研究．结果表明,３０天后,土壤中ＰＡＨｓ的降解率可达４４．５～７４．６％,６０天后,达７０．４～９３．７％,降解率的不同与调控条件显著相关．在此期间,降解最佳条件为４０℃,湿度２５％,ＣＮＰ比为１２０１０１,ＴＷ８０分别为２００～５００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１．实验结束时,土壤中ＰＡＨｓ的降解率达９１．２～９９．８％．降解的最佳条件是４０℃,湿度１５％．经Ｒ值判别表明,不同时期各因子对ＰＡＨｓ降解影响有所不同．温度对ＰＡＨｓ降解影响较大,表面活性剂对土壤中ＰＡＨｓ的生物降解有调控作用．     

腐殖质、硫、氯化钠对水稻积累汞的影响试验研究

汞是环境中主要重金属污染物之一。国内外在研究汞在水生环境的迁移转化规律及其基质方面进行了大量的工作,但汞在陆生环境中的迁移转化,尤其是土壤—植物系统中影响汞吸收的机制方面研究得较少。近年来,国外对影响土壤吸收汞的机制的研究工作,认为土壤酸碱度、氧化还原电位是影响土壤、生物吸收重金属的主要因素,环境中无机配位体和有机     

各种改性剂对重金属迁移,积累影响的研究

采用盆栽实验．研究了在不同改性措施条件下,Ｃｄ、Ｐｈ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ａｓ多元素复合污染物对水稻、大豆生长的影响及重金属在土壤－作物系统中迁移、积累的特性．结果表明,作物根系中的离子冲量越大,对作物危害越重．酸处理对作物生长影响较大,而腐殖酸和石灰处理有利于作物的生长．改性剂对重金属迁移能力影响大小依次为酸＞腐殖酸＞石灰．作物的不同部位对重金属吸收的顺序为根＞茎叶＞籽实．重金属在土壤－作物系统中的迁移能力为Ｃｄ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｃｕ＞Ａｓ＞Ｐｂ．     

表面活性剂对小麦吸收多环芳烃(PAHs)的影响

通过研究施加两表面活性剂（Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０和ＬＡＳ）后小麦对多环芳烃的吸收情况得出,含有过量菲、芘和苯并（ａ）芘营养液中生长的小麦ＰＡＨｓ含量受表面活性剂影响显著。在培养４０ｄ后,ＣＭＣ以上Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０使小麦根中菲、芘和苯并（ａ）芘含量下降,即促进了小麦茎叶中菲和芘的含量。ＣＭＣ和ＣＭＣ以下ＬＡＳ也使小麦中ＰＡＨｓ含量降低而茎叶中ＰＡＨｓ含量增加,但主要是ＬＡＳ对植物毒害作用结果,与表面活性剂胶束     

酸沉降影响下庐山森林生态系统土壤硫形态分布研究

近年来 ,因农业高产的养分平衡问题及因酸沉降污染问题硫的植物营养与生物地球化学研究日益活跃。至今已有较多研究者对农田和自然土壤中硫含量、形态分布及不同施肥条件和作物对它们的影响进行了研究[1,2 ,12～ 16 ] 。酸沉降影响下森林土壤硫及其去向倍受关注。研究表明 ,在高度风化的土壤上的森林生态系统中ＳＯ4 2 - 处于积累状态[17] ,而发育时间较短的土壤上的森林生态系统中ＳＯ4 2 - 则处于接近动态平衡的状态[18,19] 。Ｃａｒｌｓｓｏｎ等[2 0 ] 利用34Ｓ对挪威半岛森林土壤硫形态及其与酸沉降的关系进行了研究 ,认为有机硫和吸附…     

土壤溶解性有机质及其表面反应性的研究进展

溶解性有机质(DOM)是土壤溶液中的一个重要的组成部分,在土壤化学和生物过程中起着十分重要的作用。虽然DOM在天然有机质中所占的比例并不高,但它将土壤中的矿物质、有机质联系在一起,并能调控环境污染物的迁移转化与归宿,因此国内外学者都很重视溶解性有机质对土壤环境中污染物环境行为影响的研究。综述了DOM的分类和分离技术,DOM的结构及其表征方法,DOM的表面反应性以及对有机污染物、重金属在土壤中吸附、迁移的影响等,并提出了有待于进一步研究的一些问题。     

NGAL蛋白

ＮＧＡＬ(ｎｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｌｇｅｌａｔｉｎａｓｅ ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｌｉｐｏｃａｌｉｎ)是ｌｉｐｏｃａｌｉｎ家族的一个新成员 ,是Ｋｊｅｌｄｓｅｎ等人[1] 在1993年研究中性粒细胞 92ｋＤ的明胶酶 ,即ＭＭＰ 9(基质金属蛋白酶 9)时发现的。随后 ,ＮＧＡＬｃＤＮＡ及其全基因序列分别于 1994和 1997年被克隆鉴定[2 ,3] 。已知ＮＧＡＬ蛋白具有运输疏水性小分子 ,调节ＭＭＰ 9活性等功能。近年来 ,随着ＮＧＡＬ蛋白在人体组织细胞中广泛分布情况的认证[4 ] ,特别是在一些肿瘤组织细胞中出现该基因异常过表达等事实的认识[5] ,有关Ｎ…     

黑河地区绿洲生态条件下麦田生物气象若干特征

观测分析了ＨＥＩＦＥ地区绿洲中麦田的微气候特征,结果表明ＳＰＡＣ中水５势随高度呈显著梯度分布,在土壤－植物以及植物－大气界面,水势值存在两个大的跳跃;水势廓线存在明显的日变化;ＳＰＡＣ各部分水势变化的起伏顺序是大气〉植物〉土壤,说明水势变化受植物水分代谢进程直到气象因子的强烈影响和控制。冠层上方近地面风温湿的时间剖而显示出白天与夜晚相比,大气混合得较好。日出前则大气较为稳定。在典型晴天条件下,麦田     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.