Illustrations pratiques – aspects pratiques et réglementaires

Quality and regulatory controls in hybrid nuclear medicine, layout and installations constraints, Diagnostic Reference values and regulatory and mandatory information in the medical report are presented in that part.     

Pièges,précautions et artefacts en scintigraphie myocardique : illustrations sur caméras semi-conducteurs

Since many years, the myocardial perfusion scintigraphy plays a leading role in the management of coronary artery disease because of its excellent performance for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. This exam has also a value widely recognized for risk stratification, assessment of the effectiveness of treatments and research of myocardial viability. The realization of this review is composite with many steps and persons which can potentially provide artefacts. The advent of semiconductor cameras significantly reduce some artefacts, but was not accompanied by a complete removal of these latters, which for some of them may be exacerbated. The use of such cameras will therefore require a learning curve to understand these evolutions. In this article, we propose a clinical illustration of centering artefacts specific of semiconductor cameras, examples of motion artefacts (respiratory and patient motion) and apical artefacts. These abnormalities are commonly encountered during daily practice of myocardial scintigraphy.     

Pièges et artéfacts en imagerie TEP/TDM : intérêts des post-traitements

In PET imaging, quantification of the acquired data can be achieved by using a series of correction techniques to minimize the effects inherent in the imaging process of emission tomography. Quantitative images can be reconstructed after correcting the detected emission data for the presence of random and scattered coincidences, attenuation effects, effects associated with the variable detectors sensitivity, effects related to the geometry of the device and the effects of dead-time. All these effects are well accounted for in the PET imaging market. However, other effects can degrade the quality of the PET images, such as the finite spatial resolution generating partial volume effects, or the patient movements including respiratory and cardiac physiological movements. In the thoracic field, the effects of respiratory motion on PET images are characterized by a loss of detection sensitivity due to the associated blur. Several methods have been developed to correct for these effects, but still without a wide acceptance in clinical routine. These research areas are therefore still very active.     

Illustrations pratiques – Produits de contraste iodés (PCI)

Iodinated Contrast Agent (ICA) may be used in nuclear medicine for level 3 and 4 CT level. The use of ICA in SPECT/CT or PET/CT is driven, for each patient, by the clinical context, the benefit/risk ratio and the availability and the date of the previous injected CT. The improvement in diagnostic performance of the exam is the main goal of the ICA injection during a hybrid NM procedure.     

Les anticoagulants: limites et pièges de leur surveillance

Anticoagulant drugs are widely used in clinical practice, and their monitoring is fundamental. The balance of antithrombotic efficacy and safety largely depends on the quality of this monitoring. In this review, we will focus on the limits and pitfalls of the biological testing for anticoagulation.     

Précautions,pièges et artefacts en TEP/TDM au 18FDG : généralités et cas particulier des pathologies de l’abdomen et du pelvis

The PET-CT with ¹⁸F-FDG is a complex technique imaging combining the acquisition of scintigraphic and CT images. CT is often performed with the addition of product oral or intravenous contrast (PDCI) to facilitate localization and characterization of the lesion. All these steps can be a source of artifacts. Furthermore, ¹⁸F-FDG is a non-specific tracer and may accumulate in malignant cells but also inflammatory, benign tumor or just in certain physiologically consuming glucose areas. All these elements are important to consider in order to optimize the interpretation of PET-CT and in this article, we will try to illustrate potential pitfalls and artifacts that could lead to misinterpretation in abdominal and pelvic imaging.     

Précautions,pièges et artéfacts en TEP/TDM du thorax

PET/CT with ¹⁸F-FDG is a test widely used in the evaluation of chest diseases as diverse as oncology indications and in particular the evaluation of pulmonary nodules, mediastinal disorders of the chest wall, breast lesions or even heart diseases including those of infectious valves. Despite the many precautions taken to the successful completion of the examination, a caution of the interpretation of the exam is required, given the pitfalls and artifacts inherent to the technique, respiratory and cardiac movements, the misrepresentation lesions (false positives of false negatives) or altered by the treatment. Their knowledge can minimize their impact on the interpretations and avoid the use of supplements investigations, sometimes invasive, or worse, administering a noxious or inappropriate treatment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the pitfalls and artifacts of PET/CT with ¹⁸F-FDG commonly found in the thoracic region but also to expose the various precautions that can help the conduct of the exam, the interpretation and even the optimal patient management.     

Tumeur testiculaire et cryptorchidie bilatérale. Piège diagnostic

Undescended testis is a major risk factor for testicular seminoma. Correction of undescended testis during childhood improves the prognosis. The surgical technique has been improved over the last thirty years, based on a knowledge of older techniques and the contribution of the laparoscopy now allows a more precise operative technique during surgical treatment of testicular tumour.     

Précautions,pièges et artefacts en TEP/TDM au 18FDG : généralités et cas particulier des pathologies de la tête et du cou

The PET/CT imaging with 18F-FDG is an essential diagnostic tool in the management of many diseases today. However, because of its functional and metabolic nature, it requires for its realization the respect of certain precautions to avoid abnormal images or false negative tests. Moreover, in the context of head and neck diseases, knowledge of anatomy and physiological uptakes appears essential for quality interpretation. In this paper, we illustrate with several personal circumstances or particular clinical situations from literature, the potential pitfalls and artifacts that could lead to misinterpretation.     

Gigantonoclea guizhouensis Gu et Zhi 的叶部解剖研究

一、材料来源和研究方法解剖研究所用的D-1标本是笔者于1984年5月在贵州水城大河边煤矿二采区新开辟的运输巷侧壁砂岩中采到的,其层位经对比与田宝霖和张连武(1980)描述的水城汪家寨矿区综合地层柱中龙潭组下部第8分层的中部砂岩相当。该叶片沉积时受水流冲击,以中脉为对称轴向远轴侧对折成约20°角状(图版Ⅰ,图2)。     

关于Trigonioides yunnanensis Ku et Ma的归属*

一、前言Trigonioides yunnanensis Ku et Ma是我国白垩纪地层中最早报道的类三角蚌类化石,1962年由顾知微教授描述。六十年代后期,“云南红层队”于标准产地云南楚雄朱洗冲又发现了更丰富的标本,由马其鸿记述于《云南中生代化石》(上册)(马其鸿等,1976),鉴定为Trigonioides(Wakinoa), yunnanensis Ku et Ma(图版15,图4—13),T. (W.?)     

我国Sphenophyllum oblongifolium (Germ.et Kaulf.)Unger的异形叶性及生态

一、前言椭圆楔叶(Sphenophyllum oblongifolium(Germ.et Kaulf.)Unger)是北半球石炭、二叠纪广泛分布的重要植物之一。它的叶为长楔形至长椭圆形,六枚组成一轮,呈三对型排列,上两对等大,向两侧伸展,下一对较小,沿轴下垂或斜伸;叶端平截,具细齿;叶脉二歧分叉,直达前缘齿内。这些特征是古植物学家所熟知的,并以此很容易与Sphenophyllum的其它各种相区别。自该种在我国正式描述(Halle,1927;斯行健,1934,1953,1954;Stockmans和Math-ieu,1939,1957;Asama,1970;黄本宏,1976,     

Analyse immunoélectrophorétique des antigènes fongiques et systématique des champignons. Répercussions pratiques sur le diagnostic des mycoses

Conclusion En 1959, dans une note (2) à l'Académie des Sciences, nous écrivions, en conclusion d'un travail préliminaire sur l'étude immunoélectrophorétique desCandida: Si l'avenir apportait la démonstration de résultats similaires obtenus avec d'autres champignons que les levures du genreCandida, on disposerait en mycologie d'une méthode générale d'analyse des fractions antigéniques...; de plus, les connaissances acquises dans ce domaine auraient vraisemblablement d'heureuses répercussions pratiques sur les problèmes taxonomiques en suspens et sur le diagnostic sérologique des mycoses. Six ans plus tard, il nous semble que l'application de l'immunoélectrophorèse à la mycologie ait tenu ses promesses. Sans se substituer à d'autres techniques, ne fut-ce que parce que son objet est limité à l'étude des fractions antigéniques solubles ou à celle des anticorps précipitants, et parce que sa mise en oeuvre est souvent longue et délicate, elle complète heureusement ces techniques, apportant effectivement, dans bien des cas, un argument nouveau, analytique et élégant, à la taxonomie des champignons et ouvrant une voie nouvelle au diagnostic sérologique de certaines mycoses.(avec la collaboration technique deM. Brugge)Communication présentée à l' International Society for human and animal mycology, Third meeting. Edinburgh, July 31st-August 2nd, 1964.