L－异亮氨酸产生菌选育的研究

以黄色短杆菌（Ｂｒｅｖｉｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｆｌａｖｕｍ）ＡＴＣＣ１４０６７为出发菌株,经硫酸二乙酯（ＤＥＳ）、紫外线（ＵＶ）和亚硝基胍（ＮＴＧ）逐级诱变处理,α－氨基－β－羟基戊酸（ＡＨＶ）、Ｓ－２－氨基乙基－Ｌ－半胱氨酸（ＡＥＣ）、磺胺胍（ＳＧ）、乙硫氨酸（Ｅｔｈ）、α－氨基丁酸（α－ＡＢ）、异亮氨酸氧肟酸（ＩｌｅＨｘ）等氨基酸结构类似物及琥珀酸为碳源平板定向筛选,获得一株Ｌ－异亮氨酸高产菌ＺＱ－４（ＡＨＶ~γ、ＡＥＣ~γ、ＳＡＭ~γ、ＳＧ~γ、Ｅｔｈ~γ、α－ＡＢ~γ、ＩｌｅＨｘ~γ）在含１３．５％葡萄糖培养基中,摇瓶发酵７２ｈ、Ｌ－异亮氨酸积累可达２．８－３．０％。     

乙型肝炎病人重叠感染丙型肝炎的评价

应用ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＰＣＲ法检测５０２例乙肝病人血清,４０１例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性血清中,有１１４例（２８．４％）抗－ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ双项阳性,２５例（６．２％）ＨＣＶＲＮＡ单项阳性;２１例（５．２％）抗－ＨＣＶ单项阳性。将ＨＢｓＡｇ乙肝病人分成ＨＢＶＤＮＡ,ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性组和ＨＢＶＤＮＡ,ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性组。前者抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为１１．６％～２０．５％,ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率为１６．２％～２０．５％。后者抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为２０．２％～５５．６％,ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率为２３％～６０．３％。结果说明长期携带ＨＢＶ者和慢性乙肝病人均可重叠ＨＣＶ感染。ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性组抗－ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率明显高于ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性组     

用T-A载体克隆技术构建丙肝病毒C+E1区真核表达质粒pSVL-HCV/C+E1

用ＢａｍＨＩ和ＨｉｎｄＩＩ将丙肝病毒Ｃ＋Ｅ１ＤＮＡ片段从其克隆载体ｐＧＥＭ３ｚｆ－ＨＣＶ／Ｃ＋Ｅ１上切下,经Ｔａｑ酶补齐３’末端后插入到载体ｐＳＶＬ－Ｔ中,构建成丙肝病毒Ｃ＋Ｅ１真核表达载体ｐＳＶＬ－ＨＣＶ／Ｃ＋Ｅ１。本实验中重组效率达６４．７％（１１／１７）,正向插入为５０％（２／４）。     

用核酸免疫技术制备抗丙肝病毒C区单克隆抗体

用丙肝病毒Ｃ＋Ｅ１区真核表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ－ＨＣＶ／Ｃ＋Ｅ１按４００ｕｇ／只剂量免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠,１４周后同一剂量再加强免疫一次。加强免疫后２周,在５０％ＰＥＧ１４５０介导下将脾细胞与ＳＰ２／０小鼠骨髓瘤细胞（５１）融合。实验结果融合率达５４．３％（３１３／５７６）。阳性率为５．４％（１７”３１３）。克隆化后得到６株稳定分泌抗丙肝病毒Ｃ区单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株。这６株杂交瘤均产生ＩｇＭ抗体,接种ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠后产生腹水的效价为１６４－１３２０（ＥＬＩＳＡ）。     

乙型肝炎、肝硬变和肝癌中HBxAg的表达及其在肝癌发生中的作用

对３７９例良、恶性肝组织进行的免疫组织化学研究显示,３３％的慢性迁延性肝炎（６／１８）、７６％的慢性活动性肝炎（２６／３４）、９２％的肝硬变（５７／６２）和９７％的肝细胞性肝癌（ＨＣＣ）（５８／６０）中有ＨＢｘＡｇ表达,阳性率高于ＨＢｓＡｇ或ＨＢｃＡｇ。癌周肝中的ＨＢｘＡｇ阳性率显著高于非癌周肝。与其它２种ＨＢＶ抗原不同,ＨＢｘＡｇ表达在细胞类型上有较明显的选择性,在肝小多角细胞（ＳＰＬＣ）、小细胞性不典型增生（ＳＣＤ）及ＨＣＣ中较强。与ＩＧＦⅡ、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２、ｃ－ｍｙｃ和ＥＧＦ－Ｒ表达进行的对照研究表明ＨＢｘＡｇ与ＩＧＦⅡ和ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２这２种ＨＣＣ发生相关基因的表达关系密切。ＰＣＮＡ染色结果显示ＨＢｘＡｇ阳性组织的细胞增殖活性显著高于ＨＢｘＡｇ阴性组织。我们的结果还表明ＨＢｘＡｇ表达与肝细胞不典型增生的发生和进展有关、提出ＨＢＶＸ基因可能通过其表达产物（ＨＢｘＡｇ）首先激活ＩＧＦⅡ、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因,继而引起显著的ＳＰＬＣ增生和ＳＣＤ而参与ＨＣＣ发生的．     

高产稳产聚羟基烷酸的重组大肠杆菌的构建

重组大肠杆菌Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａ ｃｏｌｉＨＭＳ１７４（ｐＴＺ１８ＵＰＨＢ） 含有携带聚羟基烷酸（ＰＨＡ） 合成基因（ ｐｈａＣＡＢ）＊＊ 的质粒ｐＴＺ１８ＵＰＨＢ,是很有潜力的ＰＨＡ 生产菌,但存在着质粒不稳定和不能合成３羟基丁酸（３ＨＢ） 与３羟基戊酸（３ＨＶ） 共聚物［Ｐ（３ＨＢｃｏ３ＨＶ）］ 的缺陷。将ＲＫ２ 质粒上的ｐａｒ ＤＥ 基因引入ｐＴＺ１８ＵＰＨＢ 构成质粒ｐＪＭＣ２ ,该质粒可以在宿主Ｅ．ＣｏｌｉＨＭＳ１７４ 中稳定遗传。将培养基中的磷酸盐浓度降至１８ ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,发现Ｅ．Ｃｏｌｉ ＨＭＳ１７４（ｐＪＭＣ２） 能够以丙酸为前体合成Ｐ（３ＨＢｃｏ３ＨＶ） ,其中３ＨＶ 在共聚物中的含量为５ ％ ～８ ％ 。在５Ｌ自动发酵罐中分批补料培养Ｅ．Ｃｏｌｉ ＨＭＳ１７４（ｐＪＭＣ２） ,培养基初始磷酸盐浓度为１５ ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,３０ ｈ 后每升培养液中干菌体可达４２－５ ｇ,Ｐ（３ＨＢｃｏ３ＨＶ） 占干重的７０ ％ ,其中３ＨＶ 在共聚物中的含量为４－９ ％ 。     

新型HCV EIA诊断试剂盒的研制

丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）基因组结构区核壳蛋白（Ｃ）区抗原、膜蛋白Ｅ１和Ｅ２区抗原,以及非结构区ＮＳ３－ＮＳ５区抗原的区段,已经在原核细胞中获得有效的表达。同时,相应区段中的优势抗原表位肽也经化学合成法大规模地制备。ＨＣＶ基因组上各区段抗原性的分析发现,由Ｃ区和ＮＳ３区分别编码的Ｃ抗原和Ｃ３３ｃ抗原是ＨＣＶ基因组上两个优势抗原区段。其相应的抗体出现早（感染后６周可检出抗Ｃ３３ｃ抗体）,阳转率高（约９９％阳性检出率）,特异性和重复性均优于其它区段抗原。以中国人ＨＣＶ的Ｃ３３ｃ重组蛋白和分支状合成肽ＭＡＰ－Ｃ－１９为复合抗原,研制了适合我国抗ＨＣＶ抗体检测的新型丙型肝炎病毒酶免疫测定（ＨＣＶＥＬＡ）诊断试剂盒。它同当代美国Ａｂｂｏｔｔ／ＵＢＩＨＣＶＥＬＡ诊断试剂的符合率约９８％,同加拿大ＹＥＳ公司ＨＣＶＥＩＡ诊断试剂的符合率约９７．８％,阳性检出率提高了约２％,３次重复性达１００％,表明其特异性、敏感性和重复性均达到了当代第二代ＪＣＶＥＬＡ诊断试剂的水平。我国人群中抗ＨＣＶ抗体的分布情况为：正常人群的检出率１％－２％;外科类住院病人检出率约２８．８％;肝炎患者抗ＨＣＶ阳性率为３４．４％,慢活肝、肝硬化和重症肝炎患者     

甲基单胞菌Methylomonas sp.GYJ3中甲烷单加氧酶还原酶组分的纯化和性质

Ｍｅｔｙｌｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐ．ＧＹＪ３菌的甲烷单加氧酶（ＭＭＯ）粗酶提取液经ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－６Ｂ阴离子交换层析、ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００凝胶过滤层析和ＤＥＡＥ－ＴＳＫｇｅｌＨＰＬＣ分离纯化出ＭＭＯ还原酶组分．经ＨＰＬＣ分析,纯度大于９５％,纯化倍数为４．４,加入至ＭＭＯ羟基化酶和调节蛋白Ｂ的体系中表现比活为２２８ｎｍｏｌ环氧丙烷每分钟毫克蛋白．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳表明还原酶由一种亚基组成,分子量４２ｋＤ．ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测定还原酶的Ｆｅ含量为１．８３ｍｏｌＦｅ每ｍｏｌ蛋白．ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ光谱表明还原酶除２８０ｎｍ蛋白质特征峰外在４６０ｎｍ有最大吸收峰,且Ａ２８０ｎｍ／Ａ４６０ｎｍ为２．５０,与其它黄素一铁硫蛋白相似,推测还原酶可能含一个ＦＡＤ辅基和Ｆｅ２Ｓ２中心．在厌氧条件下,还原酶能够和ＮＡＤＨ作用,ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ光谱分析表明还原酶４６０ｎｍ处特征吸收峰消失,说明在ＭＭＯ催化过程中还原酶接受ＮＡＤＨ的电子．ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－６Ｂ阴离子交换层析分离出调节蛋白Ｂ,部分纯化的调节蛋白Ｂ的分子量大约在２０ｋＤ,它能够提高ＭＭＯ比活性４０倍,ＭＭＯ还原酶和调节蛋白Ｂ单独存在时不具有ＭＭＯ     

P~（53） PROTEIN OVEREXPRESSION IN PREMALIGNANT AND MALIGNANT LESIONS OF ORAL MUCOSA：IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATION

Ｐ~（５３）　ＰＲＯＴＥＩＮ　ＯＶＥＲＥＸＰＲＥＳＳＩＯＮ　ＩＮ　ＰＲＥＭＡＬＩＧＮＡＮＴ　ＡＮＤ　ＭＡＬＩＧＮＡＮＴ　ＬＥＳＩＯＮＳ　ＯＦ　ＯＲＡＬ　ＭＵＣＯＳＡ：ＩＭＭＵＮＯＨＩＳＴＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬ　ＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴＩＯＮＰ~（５３）ＰＲＯＴＥＩ...     

病毒性肝炎HAV，HBV，HCV，HDV和HEV重叠感染的研究

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了１０８例乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染者血清中的五种肝炎病毒──甲型（ＨＡＶ）、乙型（ＨＢＶ）、丙型（ＨＣＶ）、丁型（ＨＤＶ）和成型（ＨＥＶ）肝炎病毒的标志物,并采用ＰＣＲ技术检测了患者血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ、ＨＣＶＲＮＡ及ＨＤＶＲＮＡ。结果五种肝炎病毒重叠感染者３５例（３２．４％）,单纯ＨＢＶ感染者７３例（６７．６％）。ＨＢＶ、ＨＡＶＭ重感染率为４．６％,ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ二重感染率为９．２％,ＨＢＶ、ＨＤＶＭ重感染率为１４．８％,ＨＢＶ、ＨＥＶ二重感染率为１．９％,ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ和ＨＤＶ三重感     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism