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拟南芥生物钟分子机制研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文主要概述了目前拟南芥生物钟分子机制的研究进展.生物钟通过调控导引节律的相位来调节植物的生理活动.拟南芥生物钟由CCAJ、LHy和TOCJ 3个主要基因构成了一个稳定的负反馈环,来调节昼夜节律中各个基因如APRR/TOC15重奏的作用,从而调控昼夜节律的相位.在开花的光周期调控中,提出了外协和模型,其中的关键基因是CO,它与拟南芥的开花时间直接相关. 相似文献
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生物钟几乎存在于所有生命体,是生物适应外界环境的每日周期性变化而产生的内部活动。生物钟在体内受转录-翻译-负反馈环路调控,能调节组织、器官的活动,其正常维持对生物的健康、生长、繁殖等具有重要意义。与之相对,由于环境的四季变化,生物也形成了体内的年周期生理变化,如季节性发情、昆虫滞育等。生物的年节律在外部主要受光周期为主的环境因素影响,在体内则与基因表达、激素含量和细胞组织形态的变化有关。褪黑素是识别外部光周期变化的重要信号,而生物钟在垂体解析褪黑素信号并调控下游信号变化中扮演着重要角色,对环境年度变化的识别和机体年节律的产生具有重要指导作用。本文通过介绍昆虫和哺乳动物的昼夜节律和年节律产生的机制,并结合鸟类的年节律,综述了生物钟对年节律产生影响的作用机制研究进展,以期为今后研究年节律的影响机制提供更广泛的思路。 相似文献
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昆虫生物钟分子调控研究进展 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
昆虫生物钟节律的研究是人类了解生物节律的重要途径。昆虫在生理和行为上具有广泛的节律活动,如运动、睡眠、学习记忆、交配、嗅觉等节律活动,其中昼夜活动行为节律的研究广泛而深入。昆虫乃至高等动物普遍具有保守的昼夜节律系统,昼夜生物钟节律主要包括输入系统:用于接受外界光和温度等环境信号并传入核心振荡器,使得生物时钟与环境同步;核心时钟系统:自我维持的昼夜振荡器;输出系统:将生物钟产生的信号传递出去而控制生物行为和生理的节律变化。早期分子和遗传学研究主要关注昼夜节律振荡器的分子机制及神经生物学,阐明了昼夜生物钟节律的主要分子机制及相关神经网络。最近更多的研究关注生物钟信号是如何输入和输出。本文以果蝇运动节律的相关研究为主要内容,围绕生物钟输入系统、振荡器、输出系统这3个组成部分对昆虫生物钟研究进展进行总结。 相似文献
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时间生物学主要是研究生物体内生理和行为的时间机制的学科,而这种机制主要是由生物钟调控的。研究表明,营养代谢的各个方面如葡萄糖转运、糖原异生、脂质合成及降解、氧化磷酸化等作用都受到生物钟核心转录机制的调控,并具有时间敏感性;相反,代谢信号也可以反馈调节生物钟系统,包括生物钟基因表达和行为活动。生物钟的紊乱会造成诸如心血管疾病、肥胖、糖尿病等多种疾病。本文从代谢与生物钟的相互关系、各类营养信号和营养素对生物钟的作用以及生物钟与营养代谢相关疾病的关系等多方面综述了哺乳动物营养代谢的时间生物学研究进展。 相似文献
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生物钟作为一种重要的调控系统,存在于哺乳动物大部分的细胞、组织和器官中,通过调节生物钟控制基因的节律性表达维持机体以接近24 h为周期的各种行为及生理功能变化。哺乳动物中枢生物钟下丘脑视交叉上核通过神经与体液途径协调同步外周生物钟,肝脏、胰腺、骨骼肌、脂肪组织中参与葡萄糖代谢的众多环节都受到中枢与外周生物钟的调控,如激素信号转导、限速酶基因表达以及营养信号传递等,其中生物钟对肝糖原代谢的调控是生物钟调控葡萄糖稳态的重要环节。基因突变、作息和饮食不规律引起的生物节律紊乱常诱发机体出现胰岛素抵抗、肝糖原含量下降、糖耐量受损等异常表型。该文主要综述了生物钟在肝糖原代谢与葡萄糖稳态调控中的作用,重点阐述了肝脏生物钟调控肝糖原代谢的分子机制,并探讨了轮班工作、时差因素引发的昼夜节律紊乱对人体葡萄糖稳态的影响,以期为糖代谢障碍相关疾病的防治提供新的研究思路。 相似文献
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In mouse embryos, somite formation occurs every two hours, and this periodic event is regulated by a biological clock called
the segmentation clock, which involves cyclic expression of the basic helix-loop-helix gene Hes7. Hes7 expression oscillates by negative feedback and is cooperatively regulated by Fgf and Notch signaling. Both loss of
expression and sustained expression of Hes7 result in severe somite fusion, suggesting that Hes7 oscillation is required for
proper somite segmentation. Expression of a related gene, Hes1, also oscillates by negative feedback with a period of about two hours in many cell types such as neural progenitor cells.
Hes1 is required for maintenance of neural progenitor cells, but persistent Hes1 expression inhibits proliferation and differentiation of these cells, suggesting that Hes1 oscillation is required for their proper activities. Hes1 oscillation regulates cyclic expression of the proneural gene Neurogenin2 (Ngn2) and the Notch ligand Delta1, which in turn lead to maintenance of neural progenitor cells by mutual activation of Notch signaling. Taken together, these
results suggest that oscillatory expression with short periods (ultradian oscillation) plays an important role in many biological
events. 相似文献
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Ehab HASSANEEN Alaa El‐Din SALLAM Ahmad ABO‐GHALIA Yoshiyuki MORIYAMA Kenji TOMIOKA 《Entomological Science》2011,14(3):278-282
Pigment‐dispersing factor (PDF) is an important neurotransmitter in insect circadian systems. In the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, it affects nocturnal activity, the free‐running period and photic entrainment. In this study, to investigate whether these effects of PDF occur through a circadian molecular machinery, we measured mRNA levels of clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim) in crickets with pdf expression knocked‐down by pdf RNAi. The pdf RNAi decreased per and tim mRNA levels during the night to reduce the amplitude of their oscillation. The phase of the rhythm advanced by about 4 h in terms of trough and/or peak phases. On the other hand, pdf mRNA levels were little affected by per and tim RNAi treatment. These results suggest that PDF affects the circadian rhythm at least in part through the circadian molecular oscillation while the circadian clock has little effect on the pdf expression. 相似文献
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Maureen Friedrichs Isa Kolbe Julia Seemann Anthony H. Tsang Lisa Cherradi Johannes Klein 《Chronobiology international》2013,30(11):1543-1552
ABSTRACTCircadian clock-controlled 24-h oscillations in adipose tissues play an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, thus representing a potential drug target for prevention and therapy of metabolic diseases. For pharmacological screens, scalable adipose model systems are needed that largely recapitulate clock properties observed in vivo. In this study, we compared molecular circadian clock regulation in different ex vivo and in vitro models derived from murine adipose tissues. Explant cultures from three different adipose depots of PER2::LUC circadian reporter mice revealed stable and comparable rhythms of luminescence ex vivo. Likewise, primary pre- and mature adipocytes from these mice displayed stable luminescence rhythms, but with strong damping in mature adipocytes. Stable circadian periods were also observed using Bmal1-luc and Per2-luc reporters after lentiviral transduction of wild-type pre-adipocytes. SV40 immortalized adipocytes of murine brown, subcutaneous and epididymal adipose tissue origin showed rhythmic mRNA expression of the core clock genes Bmal1, Per2, Dbp and REV-erbα in pre- and mature adipocytes, with a maturation-associated increase in overall mRNA levels and amplitudes. A comparison of clock gene mRNA rhythm phases revealed specific changes between in vivo and ex vivo conditions. In summary, our data indicate that adipose culture systems to a large extent mimic in vivo tissue clock regulation. Thus, both explant and cell systems may be useful tools for large-scale screens for adipose clock regulating factors. 相似文献
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昆虫分子生物学的一些研究进展:生物钟的基因 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
昆虫分子生物学的一些研究进展:生物钟的基因翟启慧(中国科学院动物研究所北京100080)生物的许多行为和生理现象有周期性波动,称为生物节律或生物钟。长期以来,这是一个十分吸引人却又难以理解的问题。虽然有大量文献描述生物钟的现象,但对其机理却一无所知。... 相似文献