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1.
本文报导与竹类害虫有关的6种跳小蜂。长缘刷盾跳小蜂Cheiloneurusclaviger及优赛跳小蜂Eusemioncornigerum,寄生竹巢粉蚧Nesticoccussinensis的初寄生者花翅跳小蜂Microterysspp.;瓢虫隐尾跳小蜂Homalotylusflaminius,寄生黑缘光瓢虫Exochomus(Xanthocorns)nigromarginatus;白胫短缘跳小蜂Zaommaeriococi(Tachikawa)中国新记录,寄生竹巢粉蚧的初寄生者花翅跳小蜂;四斑长索跳小蜂AnagyrusquadrimaculatusXuetHe,sp.nov,寄生竹绒粉蚧Eriococcustransversus;长脉卵跳小蜂OoencyrtuslongivenosusXuetHe,sp.nov,寄生竹卵圆蝽Hippotiscusdorsalis。标本及模式标本保存在浙江农业大学寄生蜂标本室。  相似文献   

2.
赵星  王淑芬 《昆虫知识》1992,29(4):204-205
竹镂舟蛾是毛竹林内呈明显周期性发生的害虫。根据该虫8年的虫口密度数据,运用谐波分析方法拟合了周期内的虫口发生规律,计算出了虫口数量动态模型。经检验,该模型值与实际值差异甚小,有很好的拟合性能,说明用谐波分析方法可预测周期内的虫口发生状况。  相似文献   

3.
茶翅蝽Halyomorpha halys(Stl)是水果和蔬菜生产中的重要害虫。为了寻找优势卵寄生蜂用于其生物防治,本文进行了相关的野外调查和室内试验。通过定期野外采集茶翅蝽卵块,培育、收集和鉴定寄生蜂,发现在自然环境中茶翅蝽卵粒的寄生率为56.29%,其中茶翅蝽沟卵蜂比例最高,占77.66%;其次是黄足沟卵蜂占20.44%。Y型嗅觉仪测定结果显示,茶翅蝽沟卵蜂和黄足沟卵蜂对茶翅蝽卵均具有明显的选择趋性。室内寄生能力试验结果表明,茶翅蝽沟卵蜂与黄足沟卵蜂单独作用的寄生率分别为94.06%和84.21%,与两种寄生蜂混合寄生茶翅蝽卵的寄生率91.65%均无显著性差异。两种寄生蜂混合寄生时,茶翅蝽沟卵蜂与黄足沟卵蜂的寄生比例分别为58.95%和41.05%,二者之间无显著差异。  相似文献   

4.
<正> 纵褶竹舟蛾Besaia goddrica(Schaus)又称竹篱舟蛾,分布在浙江、江苏、江西、湖南、湖北、安徽等省。主要为害毛竹,亦为害水竹等,是竹林暴食性大害虫。  相似文献   

5.
筛豆龟蝽卵寄生蜂田间发生调查初报   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
张友廷  杜相革  董民  邵伟 《昆虫知识》2003,40(5):443-445
调查表明 ,筛豆龟蝽卵雌虫从 5月初开始产卵 ,5月中旬到 6月底为产卵高峰期 ,接着进入产卵衰退期 ,高峰期产卵量占 80 4%。通过有机毛豆田间标记筛豆龟蝽卵块 ,共发现 2种卵寄生蜂 :卵跳小蜂Ooencyrtussp .和沟黑卵蜂Trissolcussp .。结果发现 :卵跳小蜂是优势种 ,在自然控制因素中起主要的作用。寄生蜂和筛豆龟蝽卵发生动态基本一致 ,寄生蜂数量与寄主卵数量正相关。自然状态下 ,寄生蜂对筛豆龟蝽第 1代卵平均寄生率为 61 3 6%。寄生蜂的羽化集中于毛豆灌浆初期 ,高峰期内 1周羽化量占 81 3 3 %。  相似文献   

6.
<正> 当前我国林用赤眼蜂主要有4种:松毛虫赤服蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi,拟澳赤眼蜂T.confusum,广赤眼蜂T.evanescens及舟蛾赤眼蜂T.closterae。其中以松毛虫赤眼蜂用量最大。从报道的材料来看,我国应用赤眼蜂防治松毛虫、侧柏毛虫、杉梢小卷蛾、竹镂舟蛾、竹螟、杨扇舟蛾、杨二尾舟蛾、黄二星舟蛾、  相似文献   

7.
<正> 以蝽科昆虫卵为寄主的蝽卵蜂属(Trissol-cus)是缘腹细蜂科(Scelionidae)中一个较大类群,Kieffer(1926),Hellen(1971),Козлов(1970,1971),Masner(1976)等人先后进行了详细的研究,仅苏联就记述了53种(Медведва,1978),有的国家还用蝽卵蜂作了蝽科害虫的生物防治试验(Larachi,1976)。我国仅周仁濂(1955)等人记载一种稻蝽沟卵蜂能寄生稻褐蝽卵,寄生率达41.75—94.2%。作者近年发现广泛为害粮、棉、油料、麻类、甜菜、蔬菜、烟草和果树的害虫斑须蝽Dolycoris baccarum L.的卵能被另一种蝽卵蜂——斑须蝽蝽卵蜂Trissolcus sp.大量寄生,寄生率达35—60%,为其重要天敌,国内未见报道,我们对其生物学特性作了初步观察,现把两年来结果报道如下。  相似文献   

8.
本文研究了卵跳小蜂对豆缘蝽 (R .clavatusThunberg)和豆璧蝽 (P .hybneriGmelin)卵的选择性和密度反应。在自由选择试验中 ,两种豆蝽卵中羽化的卵跳小蜂在不同的卵密度和比例中均选择豆缘蝽 ;而在非选择性试验中 ,从豆璧蝽中羽化的卵跳小蜂同时选择豆缘蝽和豆璧蝽卵 ,寄生率较高 ;然而 ,从豆缘蝽卵羽化的卵跳小蜂对豆璧蝽卵的寄生率非常低。嗅觉试验表明 ,从豆缘蝽卵上释放的气味对卵跳小蜂的搜寻和寄生行为影响很大。卵跳小蜂寄生的卵数量随着豆缘蝽和豆璧蝽卵密度的增加而提高 ;然而 ,卵跳小蜂对豆璧蝽的寄生率随着卵的密度增加而降低 ,尤其是从豆缘蝽卵中羽化的寄生蜂。研究还表明 ,卵跳小蜂在大田中对豆缘蝽卵的寄生存在着空间或时间上的障碍。  相似文献   

9.
杨尚舟蛾 Cio。t。,。a。。。ho,。t。(Fabricius)是杨树的主要害虫,同时也为害柳树。淮北地区杨、柳树比较多,分布亦广。经试验,杨扇舟蛾饲养方便,世代多,历期短,产卵量大,饲料来源丰富Ofo扇舟饿是自然界赤眼蜂的主要转换寄主之一,各代赤眼蜂都喜好寄生。用杨扇舟蛾印繁殖赤眼蜂,不仅寄生率、羽化率高,而且每粒卵出蜂头数也多,蜂的生活力也强,能起到复壮蜂种的作用。  相似文献   

10.
鳞卵金小蜂属Agiommatus寄生蚕蛾、天蛾、弄蝶等鳞翅目蝶蛾类害虫的卵,为重要的寄生性天敌。主要分布非洲、亚洲南部和澳大利亚。我国以前没有本属分布的记载。1986年,福建省林科所的杨嘉寰先生从闪蛱蝶卵中养出1种寄生蜂。经作者鉴定,属于本属,为1新种,现记述如下。这是鳞卵金小蜂属在我国的首次发现。新种的模式标本保存于西北林学院天敌昆虫研究室。  相似文献   

11.
For the rational design of a stable collagen triple helix according to the conventional rule that the pyrrolidine puckerings of Pro, 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) and 4-fluoroproline (fPro) should be down at the X-position and up at the Y-position in the X-Y-Gly repeated sequence for enhancing the triple helix propensities of collagen model peptides, a series of peptides were prepared in which X- and Y-positions were altogether occupied by Hyp(R), Hyp(S), fPro(R) or fPro(S). Contrary to our presumption that inducing the X-Y residues to adopt a down-up conformation would result in an increase in the thermal stability of peptides, the triple helices of (Hyp(S)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (fPro(S)-fPro(R)-Gly)(10) were less stable than those of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (Pro-fPro(R)-Gly)(10), respectively. As reported by B?chinger's and Zagari's groups, (Hyp(R)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) which could have an up-up conformation unfavorable for the triple helix, formed a triple helix that has a high thermal stability close to that of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10). These results clearly show that the empirical rule based on the conformational preference of pyrrolidine ring at each of X and Y residues should not be regarded as still valid, at least for predicting the stability of collagen models in which both X and Y residues have electronegative groups at the 4-position.  相似文献   

12.
Xia Z  Zhuang J 《Luminescence》2012,27(5):379-381
A novel blue‐emitting Sr3.5Y6.5O2(PO4)1.5(SiO4)4.5:Eu2+ phosphor was synthesized via a solid‐state reaction. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the Sr3.5Y6.5O2(PO4)1.5(SiO4)4.5 host had a hexagonal crystal structure in the space group P63/m and unit cell parameters a = 9.418 Å, c = 6.900 Å. The as‐prepared phosphor showed a blue emission and all the main emission peaks were located at around 466 nm for different excitation wavelengths of 297, 333 and 391 nm. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence property was investigated in the range 20–250 °C, and the emission intensity decreased to 71% of the initial value at room temperature on increasing the temperature to 150 °C. According to the classical theory of fluorescent thermal quenching, the activation energy (ΔE) for the thermal quenching luminescence of the as‐prepared Sr3.45Y6.5O2(PO4)1.5(SiO4)4.5:0.05Eu2+ phosphor was determined to be 0.20 eV. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13.
The enzymes chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase, chloromuconate cycloisomerase, dienelactone hydrolase, and maleylacetate reductase allow Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4) to degrade chlorocatechols formed during growth in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate or 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB). There are two gene modules located in plasmid pJP4, tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) (module I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) (module II), putatively encoding these enzymes. To assess the role of both tfd modules in the degradation of chloroaromatics, each module was cloned into the medium-copy-number plasmid vector pBBR1MCS-2 under the control of the tfdR regulatory gene. These constructs were introduced into R. eutropha JMP222 (a JMP134 derivative lacking pJP4) and Pseudomonas putida KT2442, two strains able to transform 3-CB into chlorocatechols. Specific activities in cell extracts of chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase (tfdC), chloromuconate cycloisomerase (tfdD), and dienelactone hydrolase (tfdE) were 2 to 50 times higher for microorganisms containing module I compared to those containing module II. In contrast, a significantly (50-fold) higher activity of maleylacetate reductase (tfdF) was observed in cell extracts of microorganisms containing module II compared to module I. The R. eutropha JMP222 derivative containing tfdR-tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) grew four times faster in liquid cultures with 3-CB as a sole carbon and energy source than in cultures containing tfdR-tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II). In the case of P. putida KT2442, only the derivative containing module I was able to grow in liquid cultures of 3-CB. These results indicate that efficient degradation of 3-CB by R. eutropha JMP134(pJP4) requires the two tfd modules such that TfdCDE is likely supplied primarily by module I, while TfdF is likely supplied by module II.  相似文献   

14.
Sim GE  Goh CJ  Loh CS 《Plant cell reports》2008,27(8):1281-1289
We analysed the endogenous cytokinin levels of Dendrobium Madame Thong-In seedlings grown in vitro during vegetative and flowering-inductive periods. HPLC was used to fractionate the extracts and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used for assay of zeatin (Z), dihydrozeatin (DZ), N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and their derivatives. Coconut water used in experiments was found to contain high level (>136 pmol ml(-1)) of zeatin riboside (ZR). Protocorms and seedlings cultured in medium with coconut water were found to contain 0.5-3.9 pmol g(-1) FW of the cytokinins analysed. Seedlings (1.0-1.5 cm) cultured in flowering-inductive liquid medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA, 4.4 muM) and coconut water (CW, 15%) contained up to 200 and 133 pmol g(-1) FW of iP and iPA, respectively. These levels were significantly higher than all other cytokinins analysed in seedlings of the same stage and were about 80- to 150-folds higher than seedlings cultured in non-inductive medium. During the transitional (vegetative to reproductive) stage, the endogenous levels of iP (178 pmol g(-1) FW) and iPA (63 pmol g(-1) FW) were also significantly higher than cytokinins in the zeatine (Z) and dihydrozeatin (DZ) families in the same seedlings. Seedlings that grew on inductive medium but remained vegetative contained lower levels of iPA. The importance of the profiles of iP and its derivatives in induction of in vitro flowering of D. Madame Thong-In is discussed.  相似文献   

15.
16.
The biology of the fruit fly Bactrocera tau, an important horticultural pest, was studied under laboratory conditions at 25°C and 60–70% relative humidity on Cucurbita maxima. The duration of mating averaged 408.03 ± 235.93 min. After mating, the female fly had a preoviposition period of 11.7 ± 4.49 days. The oviposition rate was 9.9 ± 8.50 eggs and fecundity was 464.6 ± 67.98 eggs/female. Eggs were elliptical, smooth and shiny white, turning darker as hatching approached, and measured 1.30 ± 0.07 mm × 0.24 ± 0.04 mm. The chorion has polygonal microsculpturing and is species-specific with polygonal walls. The egg period lasts for 1.3 ± 0.41 days. The duration of the larval period is 1.2 ± 0.42, 1.7 ± 0.48 and 4.0 ± 0.94 days for first, second and third instars, respectively. Pupation occurs in the sand or soil and pupal periods are 7.0 ± 0.47 days. The life cycle from egg to adult was completed in 14.2 ± 1.69 days; the longevity of mated females and males was 130.33 ± 14.18 and 104.66 ± 31.21 days, respectively. At least two to three generations were observed from June 2008 to June 2009.  相似文献   

17.
This article reports on the optical properties of Er3+ ions doped CdO–Bi2O3–B2O3 (CdBiB) glasses. The materials were characterized by optical absorption and emission spectra. By using Judd–Ofelt theory, the intensity parameters Ωλ (λ = 2, 4, 6) and also oscillatory strengths were calculated from the absorption spectra. The results were used to compute the radiative properties of Er3+:CdBiB glasses. The concentration quenching and energy transfer from Yb3+–Er3+ were explained. The stimulated emission cross‐section, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and FWHM × values are also calculated for all the Er3+:CdBiB glasses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
The formation of cationic palladium(II)complexes [TrpyPdII]+X by salt metathesis of the respective trifluoroacetates with different salts of weakly coordinating anions X was investigated. With non-hydrolizable counterions, cationic mono- and dinuclear complexes are observed depending on the nature of the anion X and the solvent. The mononuclear cations, which are only formed with X = BArF, most probably carry a weakly bound molecule of dichloromethane at the fourth coordination site of PdII. When treated with diazoalkanes, only these are sufficiently reactive to form carbene complexes. Four- and five coordinate Lewis base adducts [TrpyPdIIL]+ with L = CH3NC, tBuNH2, PMe3, PEt3 and PiPr3 and [TrpyPdIIL2]+ with L = PMe3 were prepared from the mononuclear cations [TrpyPdII]+BArF−. From structural studies it becomes apparent, that the formation of stable five coordinate PdII species is restricted to medium size ligands and depends on the delicate balance between the steric influence of L and the strain, which is induced on the TrpyPdII unit.  相似文献   

19.
20.
R M Wartell 《Biopolymers》1972,11(4):745-759
Helix–coil transition curves are calculated for poly (dA) poly(dT) and poly (dA-dT) poly (dA-dT) using the integral equation approach of Goel and Montroll.5 The transitions are described by the loop entropy model with the exponent of the loop entropy factor, k, remaining an arbitrary constant. The theoretical calculations are compared with experimental transition curves of the two polymers. Results indicate that the stacking energies for these two polymers differ by about 1 kcal/mole of base pairs. Also, a fit between theory and experiment was not possible for k > 1.70.  相似文献   

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