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柑橘大实蝇成虫的翅载和额外负载能力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera (Tetradacus) minax (Enderlein)的有效管理受阻于对其成虫运动行为的较少的认识。通过测定其成虫翅载能力和忍受额外负载重量的能力, 从而确定其成虫所携带不同的额外负载的电子标签重量对其正常起飞的影响程度, 为制作合适的昆虫谐波雷达的电子标签提供技术参数。其雌雄成虫的翅载能力并没有随着成虫个体重量增加而降低, 也没有因为性别不同而存在差异。成虫经过正常取食和饥饿（只喂清水）变化处理, 其成虫平均净载重量约为11 mg。来自网室成虫忍受额外负载试验结果表明, 成虫额外负载7.3 mg重量或为占其自身体重大约23%重量对于其向上起飞行为有较少或没有直接的影响。结果进一步表明, 在确定昆虫谐波雷达技术跟踪其成虫携带的电子标签适合性时, 选择的电子标签的重量不能超过7.3 mg。 相似文献
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《昆虫知识》2018,(5)
【目的】分析柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax(Enderlein)成虫复眼的感光作用,为灯光诱杀柑橘大实蝇的绿色防控措施的开发和应用提供理论依据。【方法】本研究利用室内视觉行为实验方法测定遮蔽单眼、遮蔽复眼和同时遮蔽单复眼处理后不同日龄的柑橘大实蝇成虫在不同光强刺激下的趋光行为反应。【结果】与CK(未作任何遮蔽处理)相比,遮蔽复眼处理的成虫的趋光率显著降低,而遮蔽单眼处理的成虫的趋光率则基本不变。遮蔽复眼处理后的1日龄、5日龄和同时遮蔽单复眼处理后的3日龄的雌、雄成虫之间对于1 000 lx光照度的趋光率存在显著差异。不同日龄(1、3和5日龄)的成虫之间对于1 000 lx和2 000 lx光照度的趋光率均存在一定的差异。不同光强(500、1 000和2 000 lx)刺激对成虫的趋光率均有一定影响。【结论】成虫的趋光率与复眼、日龄、性别和光照强度均有关系,其中复眼的作用最明显。 相似文献
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柑橘大实蝇成虫超微感器的扫描电镜观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用扫描电镜观察了柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax成虫触角、下颚须、平衡棒、前足跗节和产卵器的感器。共发现5种感受器,包括毛形感受器、微毛感受器、刺形感受器、锥形感受器和腔锥形感受器,其中,柑橘大实蝇的触角分布有毛形感受器、微毛感受器、刺形感受器和锥形感受器,下颚须有微毛感受器、刺形感受器和锥形感受器分布,平衡棒分布有微毛感受器和刺形感受器,足跗节有毛形感受器和刺形感受器分布。产卵管针突缩入产卵器基节中,其上有毛形感受器和腔锥形感受器分布,产卵管基节有较多毛形感受器。 相似文献
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[目的]明确实蝇对气候变暖的响应特征,研究未来气候变化背景下柑橘大实蝇的灾变规律及防控措施的优化。[方法]以湖北省宜昌市为例,收集该地区柑橘大实蝇历年的物候数据与同期温度数据,通过线性回归模型分析成虫羽化始期、羽化高峰期、羽化结束期、产卵始期、产卵高峰期和产卵结束期的年际变化情况和与温度升高的关系。[结果]1981—2020年,宜昌市年均温和四季均温均有不同程度的上升,春季均温升温最为显著。近20年间,柑橘大实蝇在宜昌市呈羽化发生提前且产卵为害延迟的态势,且羽化和产卵历期呈缩短的态势。若宜昌市年均温提升1 ℃,柑橘大实蝇羽化始期和高峰期分别延迟0.4746和1.026 d,羽化结束期提前0.0227 d,总体呈羽化延迟且缩短趋势;产卵始期提前4.286 d,高峰期和结束期分别延迟1.173和1.081 d,总体呈产卵提前且延长趋势。[结论]气候变暖对宜昌市柑橘大实蝇的羽化和产卵产生一定的影响,对未来气候变化背景下柑橘大实蝇的灾变规律及防控措施的优化具有重要意义。 相似文献
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三峡河谷地区柑橘大实蝇羽化、交配及产卵习性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera(Tetracus) minax(Enderlein)的羽化、交配与产卵习性进行初步观察。结果表明,柑橘大实蝇的出土始期为每年的5月8日~5月14日,高峰为5月12日~5月18日,末期为5月30日~6月4日,近几年出土时间有所提前。在早熟蜜柑上主要产卵于果腰部,深度约为4.5mm;在中晚熟蜜柑上主要产卵于果蒂部,深度约为4.1mm;在脐橙上主要产卵于果脐部,深度约为9.7mm;在柚上主要产卵于果蒂和果腰部,深度约为13.0mm。观察结果也与以往记载有所不同。 相似文献
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柑橘大实蝇羽化出土及橘园成虫诱集动态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【背景】柑橘大实蝇是柑橘类果树上的重要害虫。预测该虫的羽化出土进度、掌握成虫发生动态是指导橘同成虫期防治的重要依据。【方法】本研究通过在25℃恒温、室内常温和室外网室3种条件下饲养柑橘大实蝇的蛹,以逐日观察成虫羽化出土数量;在重庆武隆、四川江油等5个地区共设置240个麦克菲尔（MePhail）诱集器,以糖酒醋液和水解蛋白为诱饵诱集成虫,得到柑橘大实蝇成虫羽化出土的逐日数量和橘园成虫诱集的逐期数量。【结果】用逻辑斯带模型拟合成虫羽化出土和橘园成虫诱集动态,结果表明,成虫的始盛期、高峰期和盛末期在25℃恒温条件下分别为4月25日、28日和30日,盛期的持续时间为6d;在室内常温条件下分别为5月3日、7日和10日,盛期的持续时间为8d;在室外网室条件下分别为5月8日、14日和18日,盛期的持续时间为11d;橘园诱集成虫分别为6月2日、14日和26日,盛期的持续时间为25d。【结论与意义】随着羽化期温度的提高,柑橘大实蝇羽化出土期提前,历期缩短,羽化整齐。虽然网室成虫羽化和橘园成虫诱集都处于室外条件,但后者的始盛期、盛期和盛末期比前者分别迟了36、30和22d。因此,建议采用室外网室饲养蛹的方法监测柑橘大实蝇成虫的发生期,若仅凭橘园诱集成虫的数据,因其滞后性十分明显,对指导柑橘大实蝇成虫防治的意义不大。 相似文献
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Ian A.N. Stringer Suzanne M. Bassett Megan J. McLean Jay McCartney G. Richard Parrish 《Invertebrate Biology》2003,122(3):241-251
Abstract. The biology of Paryphanta busbyi watti , an endangered carnivorous land snail, was studied mostly by following large juvenile and adult snails with harmonic radar. The snails are nocturnally active and most (79%) hide during the day under leaf litter or in dense vegetation. Fecal analysis showed that the diet is primarily earthworms, but some cannibalism of smaller snails occurs. Empty shells appear to be an additional source of dietary calcium. Mating occurred most frequently between April and July. Mating snails stayed together for 4–7 days, and each pair reversed their positions at least twice. Four snails were first found mating 151–1240 d after they acquired adult shells, and 7 snails were observed mating a second time after 66–298 d. We found 8 nests and observed 6 snails ovipositing; 5 snails laid eggs in holes they dug and one laid eggs in a crevice between rocks. In 2 instances, oviposition was recorded 52 and 140 d after mating. Snails were estimated to lay on average ∼17.5 eggs per year in 3–5 clutches. Most oviposition was observed in August/September, but some occurred between November and February. Of the snails that died, pigs killed 13.6% and humans inadvertently killed another 13.6%. Other snails died from unknown causes mostly during the drier and warmer months, from November to April. This large land snail survives in the presence of introduced predators, but some life history traits could predispose it to a rapid decline in numbers if new predators arrive. 相似文献
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Cheol-Woo Choi Kyung-Eun Jung Min-Ju Kim Su-Hyeon Yoon Suk-Man Park Seong-Beom Jin Jae-Wook Hyun 《The Plant Pathology Journal》2021,37(6):681
It is difficult to distinguish melanose and melanoses-like symptoms with the naked eye because they appear similar. To accurately detect melanose symptoms caused by Diaporthe citri from melanose-like symptoms, we developed PCR-based specific primers Dcitri by aligning the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of D. citri with the ITS of Diaporthe cytosporella, Diaporthe foeniculina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria citri, and Fusarium oxysporum found on citrus peel. PCR results showed that the specific product was amplified in D. citri but not in other isolates including, C. gloeosporioides, B. cinerea, A. citri, F. oxysporum. In addition, specific products were observed in melanose symptoms caused by D. citri but not in melanose-like symptoms, such as copper-injury, sunscald, damages by yellow tea thrips, and pink citrus rust mite. Using the Dcitri primers developed in this study, it is expected that melanose caused by D. citri could be accurately distinguished from melanose-like symptoms. 相似文献
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Zm Liu Gac Beattie M Hodgkinson Ha Rose L Jiang 《Australian Journal of Entomology》2001,40(2):193-197
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Zi‐Yi Zhang Yu‐Ping Zha San‐Shan Cai Cheng‐Hao Hong Peng Liang Jing‐Yuan Chen 《Entomological Research》2020,50(1):50-58
Monochamus alternatus (Hope) is a severe wood‐boring pest in coniferous forests and a major vector of pine wilt disease in East Asia. Harmonic radar is a powerful tool for studying the dispersal behavior of insects and it could be applied to control pine wilt disease. In this study, we validated the application of harmonic radar for analyzing the dispersal behavior of M. alternatus beetles in a field environment. We determined the wing capacities of the beetles and the effects of electronic tagging and marking on their movement, flight ability, survivorship, and food consumption in the laboratory to confirm the suitability of this technique. The detection rate and recovery rate for beetles were analyzed separately using radar on caged pine stands and in the field environment. The results showed that the minimum wing capacity of the Japanese pine sawyer was 24.9 mg, which was seven times the weight of the electronic tag (3.5 mg). Marking and tagging the beetles had no significant adverse effects on their movement, flight capacity, food consumption, and survivorship. The detection rate using the radar system and recovery rate based on visual observations of the beetles in caged pines were both 95.6%. However, in the field environment, the detection and recovery rates were only 55.6% and 37.8% after one week, respectively, and 33.3% and 7.8% after two weeks. Harmonic radar is a promising technique for studying the dispersal behavior of the Japanese pine sawyer, but its performance is not satisfactory and major improvements are required for both the radar system and electronic tags. 相似文献
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V. Vanoye‐Eligio M. L. Vázquez‐Sauceda J. C. Chacón‐Hernández S. G. Mora‐Ravelo M. Rocandio‐Rodríguez 《Journal of Applied Entomology》2018,142(7):696-704
Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most important citrus pest in Mexico. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is used against pest populations of fruit flies for suppression, eradication, containment and prevention to reduce damages in fruit‐growing areas. In this study, we analyzed the seasonal variation of captures and field distribution of sterile A. ludens released in different seasons of the year in north‐eastern Mexico. Chilled releases were conducted by air at constant densities per ha on a citrus area for a period of 32 weeks that included the coldest and warmest seasons that is winter, spring and summer. Multilure traps baited with torula yeast pellets were used to capture sterile flies. Fly capture data were compared over the three seasons and correlated with climate. The lowest number of captures of the sterile insect occurred in the summer and the highest in winter and spring. High and low temperatures were negatively correlated with fly captures. Field distribution was also negatively correlated with high temperatures in summer, but no relationships were observed in winter and spring. No relationships were observed between rainfall with capture and field distribution of sterile flies. These results indicate that summer is a season involving agro‐ecological and environmental constraints for the capture and field distribution of sterile flies. This study may be useful for enhancing release strategies and optimizing economic resources in north‐eastern Mexico. Further research on the behaviour of sterile flies under stressful environments is suggested. 相似文献
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Abstract. Population size, reproductive timing and habitats, seasonal behaviors, and juvenile activity were assessed in a British Columbia population of the endangered Oregon forestsnail, Allogona townsendiana , over a period of 4 years. Adult snail population size ranged from seven to 47 snails in four × 24-m2 sampling sites. The mating period peaked in March and April; adults aggregated in clusters of eight to 14 snails before mating. Pairs of snails were observed to mate for 225 min or more in close proximity to coarse woody debris and stinging nettle, Urtica dioica. Nesting peaked in April–May and resulted in a mean clutch size of 34 eggs (SD=9). Hatching for two nests occurred at 63 and 64 d after oviposition. Within hours of hatching, juveniles began dispersing from the nest site; by 1 month most had disappeared. Snails tracked with harmonic radar became less active or aestivated from late July to early September and hibernated from early November to mid-March within leaf litter and soil. Preliminary measurements of growth rate indicate this species takes a minimum of 2 years to reach adulthood and has a typical life span of at least 5 years. 相似文献