大蜡螟性肽受体基因GmelSPR克隆及表达分析

交配是昆虫繁衍的重要方式,雌性交配后会显现出一系列保护后代而产生的行为,SPR则是重要的交配行为调控受体基因。本研究根据前期转录组SPR基因数据信息,利用RT-PCR扩增出大蜡螟SPR基因的完整CDS序列,命名为GmelSPR（GenBank登录号：OR347698）。生物信息学分析显示该基因编码区全长1 263 bp,编码420个氨基酸,预测分子量48.70718 kDa,理论等电点8.70,有7个跨膜螺旋区,具有典型G蛋白偶联受体蛋白特征。系统进化树比对结果显示大蜡螟GmelSPR与螟蛾科昆虫脐橙螟Amyelois transitella、印度谷螟Plodia interpunctella置信度较高。大蜡螟不同状态、不同组织中表达分析表明,未交尾雌蛾、雄蛾和已交尾雌蛾、雄蛾GmelSPR均在头部较高表达,且在未交尾雌蛾、雄蛾中表达量均高于已交尾雌蛾、雄蛾。本研究克隆了大蜡螟SPR基因,克隆结果表明GmelSPR与螟蛾科昆虫亲缘较近;表达谱分析则显示GmelSPR可能参与大蜡螟交配行为,为进一步研究大蜡螟中SPR基因功能奠定基础。     

东方蜜蜂气味受体基因Or1和Or2的克隆与序列分析

本研究采用自行设计的引物对东方蜜蜂Apis cerana Fabricius气味受体(odorant receptors)Or1、Or2的部分基因组序列(GenBank登录号为:JN544932,JN544931)进行了克隆、测序和分析,以探寻传统气味受体(AcOr1)和非典型气味受体(AcOr2)基因在近缘种昆虫间的进化差异。试验所得的东方蜜蜂气味受体基因Or1、Or2的序列长度分别为1247bp和1138bp,各包含4个和2个内含子,编码区序列长度分别为682、686 bp。经序列比对发现,两气味受体DNA序列在东、西方蜜蜂及熊蜂间差异较大,最低相似性仅为56%(AcOr1—BtOr82a-like),差异的主要来源为内含子长度及其碱基的变异,而编码区氨基酸序列相似性较高,均达85%以上;从整体分析来看,在膜翅目昆虫中,非典型气味受体AcOr2较传统气味受体AcOr1是相对保守的气味受体基因。     

中华蜜蜂气味受体基因AcOr170的克隆与序列分析

本研究采用自行设计的引物对中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana雄蜂触角中气味受体基因(Odorant receptors 170)Ac Or170的c DNA序列进行了克隆和序列分析,以探寻中华蜜蜂雄蜂气味受体Ac Or170基因在近缘种昆虫间的进化差异。结果表明:中华蜜蜂雄蜂气味受体基因Ac Or170的c DNA序列总长度为1356 bp,编码区序列长度为1188 bp,共编码396个氨基酸,其分子量为46.272 k Da,等电点8.96,Genbank登录号:KX264359。结构域的分析结果显示,该蛋白具有7tm-6一个保守结构域。经序列比对后发现,Or170的序列在中华蜜蜂、西方蜜蜂和大蜜蜂间的亲缘性很近。     

小菜蛾气味受体蛋白PlxyOr83b基因的克隆及表达

【目的】克隆小菜蛾Plutella xyostella气味受体Or83b基因, 并进行原核表达, 为研究小菜蛾寄主选择行为的分子机理, 开发昆虫行为调节剂提供基础。【方法】提取小菜蛾的总RNA, 反转录获得总cDNA, 采用RT-PCR方法扩增目的基因, 将其克隆至T载体并测序, 然后将目的基因克隆到大肠杆菌Escherichia coli表达载体pET-32a (+)中表达。经酶切、 PCR及测序鉴定正确后转化BL21 (DE3)菌株, 用IPTG诱导表达, 通过SDS-PAGE, Western印迹鉴定表达蛋白。【结果】获得了编码小菜蛾Or83b的cDNA序列, 该基因阅读框长1 413 bp, 编码471个氨基酸, 预测的等电点为7.19, 命名为PlxyOr83b（GenBank登录号为GQ923610）; 成功构建了pET-PlxyOr83b原核表达重组质粒, 目的基因获得高效表达, 其融合蛋白分子量为32.0 kD, Western blot 检测结果进一步表明PlxyOr83b在大肠杆菌DE3中得到正确表达。【结论】成功克隆和表达了小菜蛾气味受体基因PlxyOr83b, 该基因与其他昆虫Or83b基因基本一致。     

欧洲型舞毒蛾气味受体基因OrCo的克隆及序列分析

【目的】克隆欧洲型舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar Linnaeus的OrCo气味受体基因,并分析其序列特征,为进一步研究舞毒蛾嗅觉机制提供有益参考。【方法】本研究利用RT-PCR和RACE方法,克隆获得欧洲型舞毒蛾OrCo受体基因cDNA全长序列,将该基因命名为LdisOrCo,在GenBank中的登录号为KF482409。【结果】序列分析结果显示,LdisOrCo开放阅读框全长为1 311 bp,编码436个氨基酸,序列中有7个跨膜区和高度保守的C端区域。序列联配分析表明,LdisOrCo基因的氨基酸序列与近缘种灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera littoralis Or83b)的同源性高达89%,与鞘翅目台湾黑金龟(Holotrichia plumbea Or83b)同源性高达64%,与已经报道的其他昆虫的嗅觉受体同源性都在60%以上,特别是在C端几乎完全一致。【结论】嗅觉受体OrCo(Olfactory receptor coreceptor)在不同昆虫体内高度保守,克隆欧洲型舞毒蛾OrCo基因可以为进一步研究舞毒蛾气味受体的功能,OrCo基因的进化以及揭秘嗅觉机制奠定基础。     

梨小食心虫普通气味受体基因GmolOR20的克隆及表达分析

【目的】通过克隆梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta触角中的普通气味受体(odorant receptor, OR)OR20基因,明确其在不同发育期及成虫不同组织中的表达特征,为进一步研究其功能提供理论依据。【方法】根据梨小食心虫雌虫触角转录组数据,利用RT-PCR克隆梨小食心虫OR20基因的完整开放阅读框;采用qRT-PCR检测该基因在不同发育期(卵、1-5龄幼虫、蛹和雌雄成虫)、成虫不同组织(触角、去除触角的头、胸、腹、足、翅)以及不同日龄(1, 3, 5和7日龄)成虫触角中的表达量。【结果】克隆获得梨小食心虫GmolOR20基因cDNA序列(GenBank登录号:MH898864)。该基因完整开放阅读框为1 284 bp,编码427个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子量为49.83 kD,理论等电点为8.57,具有7个跨膜结构域。序列比对和系统进化树结果表明,梨小食心虫GmolOR20与苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella CpomOR15和豆荚小卷蛾Cydia nigricana CnigOR15亲缘关系较近,氨基酸序列一致性分别为87%和84%。发育表达模式结果显示,GmolOR20在不同发育时期均有表达,雌雄成虫中的表达量显著高于其他发育期的表达量(P<0.05),但雌、雄虫间的表达量差异不显著。组织表达模式结果表明,GmolOR20主要在成虫触角中高丰度表达,且雌虫触角中的表达量极显著高于雄虫触角中的表达量(P<0.01);GmolOR20在不同日龄成虫的触角中均有表达,且在1和3日龄成虫触角中的表达水平显著高于其他日龄(P<0.05)。【结论】根据GmolOR20基因的表达谱分析结果,推测GmolOR20可能参与梨小食心虫对植物挥发物和性信息素的识别。     

大螟热激蛋白83基因克隆及序列分析

【目的】近年来,大螟Sesamia inferens(Walker)对水稻的为害逐渐加重并成为水稻的重要害虫之一。HSP83家族作为分子伴侣参与生物生长发育并对外界刺激产生响应,对生物功能蛋白质的正确折叠及胁迫信号传递有着重要意义。本研究旨在克隆大螟HSP90家族HSP83基因的c DNA及基因组全长序列,分析其基本特性。【方法】应用RT-PCR及RACE技术从大螟中克隆HSP83基因的c DNA序列;获取基因组序列,进行基因组验证,并与c DNA序列比较分析其有无内含子;进行系统发育分析。【结果】大螟HSP83基因被命名为Sihsp83(Gen Bank登录号:KM077137),长度为2 496 bp,开放阅读框长2 154 bp,编码717个氨基酸,推测分子量为82.6 ku。该基因编码的氨基酸序列中含有5个HSP90家族保守序列,在C-末端存在细胞质定位信号。大螟HSP83基因组序列长度为2 218 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KM077138),不含内含子。在系统发育树中,大螟HSP83与其他夜蛾科昆虫的HSP90家族聚为一支。【结论】获得的大螟HSP83基因是HSP90基因家族成员;大螟的HSP83是细胞质热激蛋白,具有很高的保守性。     

绿豆象气味受体基因的克隆和时空表达谱

【目的】本研究旨在克隆绿豆象Callosobruchus chinensis触角4个普通气味受体(odorant receptor, OR)基因,明确这些OR基因在绿豆象不同日龄雌雄成虫组织中的表达谱,为进一步研究基因功能奠定基础。【方法】基于绿豆象成虫触角转录组数据,预测绿豆象OR候选基因;利用RT-PCR克隆绿豆象4个OR基因的全长cDNA序列,并对其进行生物信息学分析;利用qPCR检测这4个OR基因在绿豆象雌雄成虫不同组织(触角、不含触角的头、腹、足和翅)中以及1, 3和5日龄雌雄成虫触角中的表达量。【结果】根据预测的基因序列,克隆得到4个绿豆象气味受体基因的cDNA全长序列,分别命名为CchiOR8,CchiOR10,CchiOR16和CchiOR39,GenBank登录号分别为MW732665, MN832705, MW732664和MN832706;编码的氨基酸数目分别为369, 352, 400和367。系统发育树分析表明,CchiOR8, CchiOR10和CchiOR16均与大猿叶甲Colaphellus bowringi的同源蛋白亲缘关系较近,而CchiOR39与果...     

Immunity of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella

Investigation of insect immune mechanisms provides important information concerning innate immunity, which in many aspects is conserved in animals. This is one of the reasons why insects serve as model organisms to study virulence mechanisms of human pathogens. From the evolutionary point of view, we also learn a lot about host–pathogen interaction and adaptation of organisms to conditions of life. Additionally, insect‐derived antibacterial and antifungal peptides and proteins are considered for their potential to be applied as alternatives to antibiotics. While Drosophila melanogaster is used to study the genetic aspect of insect immunity, Galleria mellonella serves as a good model for biochemical research. Given the size of the insect, it is possible to obtain easily hemolymph and other tissues as a source of many immune‐relevant polypeptides. This review article summarizes our knowledge concerning G. mellonella immunity. The best‐characterized immune‐related proteins and peptides are recalled and their short characteristic is given. Some other proteins identified at the mRNA level are also mentioned. The infectious routes used by Galleria natural pathogens such as Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana are also described in the context of host–pathogen interaction. Finally, the plasticity of G. mellonella immune response influenced by abiotic and biotic factors is described.     

Purification and characterization of a male-specific protein in the hemolymph of the wax moth,Galleria mellonella L.

A male-specific protein (MSP) present only in males was identified from the hemolymph of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella L., by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and purified by anion-exchange chromatography. MSP has a native molecular mass of 55 kDa and consists of two 27-kDa subunits. An isoelectric point of MSP was measured to be approximately 5.8. MSP is a glycoprotein that contains 1.7% carbohydrate. The compositional analysis of carbohydrate component indicated a predominance of fructose and glucose. MSP also contains large amounts of asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid, and lysine but small amounts of tyrosine, methionine, and tryptophan. Western blot analysis of the hemolymph of each developmental stage indicated that MSP is present in the hemolymph of 8-day-old pupa and adult. Also, results from Western blotting indicated that MSP is not present in the tissues of larvae and of female adults but appears in the fat body of male pupae and adult and testis of adult. The fat body and testis of male pupae and adult were cultured in vitro to trace the place and time of MSP synthesis. The fat body began to synthesize MSP in late pupae and showed active synthesis during the adult stage. The distribution of MSP in the testis was observed by electron microscopic immunogold labeling, using the antibody against MSP. MSP is present between the germinal cysts and is taken up through the basal surface of the seminiferous tubular epithelium. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 37:257–268, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Apolipophorin-III in the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

The level of apolipophorin-III reached a maximum in the haemolymph of Galleria mellonella at the end of the feeding phase of the seventh larval instar and declined to a plateau value in the pupal and the adult stages. Apolipophorin-III was detected immunologically in fat body tissue, haemocyte lysates, and plasma. In its native state, apolipophorin-III may be associated with another protein with an apparent molecular mass of 77 kDa, possibly apolipophorin-II. Injections of octopamine did not cause lipid loading of high density lipophorin.     

Cloning and expression of male-specific protein (MSP) from the hemolymph of greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L

Male-specific protein (MSP) is a soluble protein that accumulates in high amounts in the hemolymph and other organs of adult male wax moth. The MSP was purified from adult male wax moth by gel filtration and reversed phase column chromatography, and its amino acid sequence was determined. Because of blocked N-terminus, several internal amino acid sequences of MSP were obtained by the in-gel digestion method using trypsin. RT-PCR was conducted using degenerate primers designed from the internal amino acid sequences. 5'-RACE PCR was used to obtain the complete coding region and 5'-UTR sequence. The full length MSP cDNA sequence encodes a 239 amino acid polypeptide with an 18 amino acid signal peptide. The putative mature MSP has a molecular mass of 24,317 Da and an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.00, but shows a molecular mass of 27 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Sequence alignment showed a significant similarity between MSP and juvenile hormone binding proteins (JHBPs) of several lepidopteran species, including G. mellonella.     

Influence of diet upon the composition of pheromone volatiles in Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) males

The composition of pheromone volatiles from calling males of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella reared on their native (ND) or artificial (AD) diet was studied by GC-MS. The comparison of effluvium of two laboratory races of insects fed ND or AD was carried out for populations of greater wax moth from three regions of Russia. The experiments suggest that the AD changes the ratio and amounts of major components of pheromone, which are different for different regions. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 36:129–138, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

温度对大蜡螟生长发育和繁殖的影响

为明确不同温度对大蜡螟(Galleria mellonella L.)生长发育和繁殖的影响,在24℃、28℃和31℃三个温度条件下,采用人工饲料饲养观察了大蜡螟的生长发育和繁殖状况。结果表明,温度对大蜡螟发育历期、生长发育速率以及繁殖具有显著影响(P0. 05)。在24～31℃范围内,随着温度升高,各虫态发育历期缩短,幼虫体长增长加快,发育速率加快。在24℃下世代历期最长(47. 96 d),31℃下世代历期最短(33. 68 d)。在同一温度下,雄蛾的寿命明显较雌蛾的寿命长,但成虫寿命、产卵前期和产卵期均随着温度升高而缩短。在24℃下产卵量最高为2 781. 50粒/雌,而在31℃下产卵量最低为1 943. 17粒/雌。     

JNK MAP kinase is involved in the humoral immune response of the greater wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella

We investigated the participation of MAP kinases in the response of Galleria mellonella larvae to immune challenge. JNK MAP kinase was activated in fat body 10-15 min after LPS injection in vivo. The level of JNK activation was time- and LPS dosage-dependent. JNK MAP kinase isolated from cell-free extract of fat bodies dissected from immune stimulated larvae phosphorylated c-Jun protein in vitro. The activity of Gm JNK kinase was abolished in the presence of the JNK specific inhibitor SP600125. Our data indicate a correlation between JNK phosphorylation and induction of antimicrobial activity in the insect hemolymph after immune stimulation. Hemolymph from larvae pre-treated with JNK specific inhibitor SP600125 showed a reduced level of antibacterial activity after LPS injection. JNK inhibition by SP600125 abolished antibacterial activity of the in vitro culture of G. mellonella fat body. Finally, we also show a correlation between JNK-dependent immune response of G. mellonella larvae and elevated temperature.     

大蜡螟成虫3个醛氧化酶基因的鉴定、序列特征与组织表达模式

醛氧化酶(AOXs)在昆虫的嗅觉生理代谢过程中起重要作用.本研究从大蜡螟Galleria mellonella成虫中鉴定了3个AOXs基因,命名为GmelAOX1、GmelAOX2和GmelAOX3.这3个基因均含有完整的开放阅读框,所编码的蛋白质均具有醛氧化酶的典型特征,如具有铁硫氧化还原中心、黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸结合...     

大蜡螟作为试验昆虫资源的利用现状

随着对资源昆虫的不断认识,人们的目光开始逐渐转到对大蜡螟Galleria mellonella L.的开发利用方面,而不再仅仅局限于对它的防治方面。近些年来,大蜡螟逐渐被作为试验昆虫用于一些生物的研究。文章主要介绍大蜡螟被用于昆虫病原线虫、寄生蜂、新型隐球菌Cryptococcus neoformans、抗菌肽、抗菌免疫机制等方面的研究。