基于姬松茸深层发酵的Plackett-Burman筛选

对姬松茸液体深层发酵培养工艺条件进行单因素实验：应用Minitab15软件设计Plackett—Burman筛选实验,筛选出蔗糖及酵母膏质量浓度、培养温度、微量元素配比4个显著性影响因素,通过正交试验对其进行优化。确定最佳培养工艺条件：蔗糖质量浓度45g/L,酵母膏质量浓度3g／L,KH2PO4质量浓度2．5g／L,MgSO4质量浓度1．25g／L,培养温度27℃,培养时间7d,多糖产量可达4．64g／L。     

Leishmanicidal activity of the Agaricus blazei Murill in different Leishmania species

Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem, and the alarming spread of parasite resistance underlines the importance of discovering new therapeutic products. The present study aims to investigate the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of an Agaricus blazei Murill mushroom extract as compared to different Leishmania species and stages. The water extract proved to be effective against promastigote and amastigote-like stages of Leishmania amazonensis, L. chagasi, and L. major, with IC(50) (50% inhibitory concentration) values of 67.5, 65.8, and 56.8 μg/mL for promastigotes, and 115.4, 112.3, and 108.4 μg/mL for amastigotes-like respectively. The infectivity of the three Leishmania species before and after treatment with the water extract was analyzed, and it could be observed that 82%, 57%, and 73% of the macrophages were infected with L. amazonensis, L. major, and L. chagasi, respectively. However, when parasites were pre-incubated with the water extract, and later used to infect macrophages, they were able to infect only 12.7%, 24.5%, and 19.7% of the phagocytic cells for L. amazonensis, L. chagasi, and L. major, respectively. In other experiments, macrophages were infected with L. amazonensis, L. chagasi, or L. major, and later treated with the aforementioned extract, presented reductions of 84.4%, 79.6%, and 85.3% in the parasite burden after treatment. A confocal microscopy revealed the loss of the viability of the parasites within the infected macrophages after treatment with the water extract. The applied extract presented a low cytotoxicity in murine macrophages and a null hemolytic activity in type O(+) human red blood cells. No nitric oxide (NO) production, nor inducible nitric oxide syntase expression, could be observed in macrophages after stimulation with the water extract, suggesting that biological activity may be due to direct mechanisms other than macrophage activation by means of NO production. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the A. blazei Murill water extract can potentially be used as a therapeutic alternative on its own, or in association with other drugs, to treat Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.     

姬松茸的研究与进展

概述了大型真菌姬松茸的生物学特性、保健功能以及近年来的研究进展,并对其主要功效物质如多糖等成分、姬松茸深层发酵技术的现状和菌丝体应用情况作了介绍。     

Fractionation and antitumor activity of the water-insoluble residue of Agaricus blazei fruiting bodies

Some polysaccharide-containing materials were successively extracted from the fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei with aqueous ammonium oxalate and sodium hydroxide, fractionated, and assayed for antitumor activity. From chemical analyses and n.m.r. data, it was concluded that the most active fraction, FIII-2-b, was comprised of protein and a (1----6)-beta-D-glucan.     

巴西蘑菇原种培养基的筛选

以麦草、稻草、棉籽壳、玉米秸、木屑、麦粒、玉米粒和麦麸为原料 ,从 2 0种培养基中筛选出 2种适合巴西蘑菇菌丝生长的原种培养基。用这 2种培养基生产的菌种 ,菌丝粗壮、洁白、浓密 ,萌发快。     

姬松茸原生质体诱变育种研究

以姬松茸原生质体为诱变材料,用不同诱变剂紫外线（UV）,钴60（Co^60）,亚硝基胍（NTG）进行多次反复诱变处理,获得2株活性多糖产量较高,遗传稳定的变异株C811/N516。与出发菌株各项发酵指标比较,突变株其他各发酵特性变化不明显,而单位发酵液活性多糖含量分别提高260%和300%以上。     

姬松茸原生质体的制备

对姬松茸(Agaricus blazeiMurrill)原生质体制备的最佳条件进行了研究,结果表明:采用液体发酵培养第7 d的菌体,用2%溶壁酶在30℃下酶解5 h,原生质体产率达9.08×106个/mL。     

巴西蘑菇多糖研究进展

巴西蘑菇是一种味道鲜美、富含生物活性物质的珍稀食 (药 )用菌。巴西蘑菇多糖作为一种极有开发前景的生物活性物质已得到国内外的普遍重视。综述了国内外巴西蘑菇多糖化学分析和药理研究方面的进展情况。     

Mitochondrial Haplotype Influences Mycelial Growth of Agaricus bisporus Heterokaryons

We evaluated the influence of mitochondrial haplotype on growth of the common button mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Ten pairs of heterokaryon strains, each pair having the same nuclear genome but different mitochondrial genomes, were produced by controlled crosses among a group of homokaryons of both wild and commercial origins. Seven genetically distinct mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes were evaluated in different nuclear backgrounds. The growth of heterokaryon pairs differing only in their mtDNA haplotypes was compared by measuring mycelial radial growth rate on solid complete yeast medium (CYM) and compost extract medium and by measuring mycelial dry weight accumulation in liquid CYM. All A. bisporus strains were incubated at temperatures similar to those utilized in commercial production facilities (18, 22, and 26(deg)C). Statistically significant differences were detected in 8 of the 10 heterokaryon pairs evaluated for one or two of the three growth parameters measured. Some heterokaryon pairs showed differences in a single growth parameter at all three temperatures of incubation, suggesting a temperature-independent difference. Others showed differences at only a single temperature, suggesting a temperature-dependent difference. The influence of some mtDNA haplotypes on growth was dependent on the nuclear genetic background. Our results show that mtDNA haplotype can influence growth of A. bisporus heterokaryons in some nuclear backgrounds. These observations demonstrate the importance of including a number of mitochondrial genotypes and evaluating different nuclear-mitochondrial combinations of A. bisporus in strain improvement programs.     

姬松茸摇瓶种子培养初探

对姬松茸(Agaricus bLazei.Murrill)的摇瓶培养作初步探索。结果表明:①适合姬松茸菌丝活化的培养基为:PDA,麸皮100 g/L,pH自然;②摇瓶培养适宜的培养基为:蔗糖2%,黄豆粉1%,玉米粉2%,酵母粉0.2%,(NH4)2SO4 0.1%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.05%,CaCO3 0.1%。     

Effects of Selenium-Enriched Agaricus blazei Murill on Liver Metabolic Dysfunction in Mice,a Comparison with Selenium-Deficient Agaricus blazei Murill and Sodium Selenite

In the present study, we investigated the effects of Se-enriched Agaricus blazei Murill (Se-AbM) on liver injury in mice induced by acute alcohol administration. Mice received ethanol (5 g/kg body weight (BW)) by gavage every 12 h for a total of 3 doses. Se-AbM was administrated before ethanol administration. Subsequent serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) level, maleic dialdehyde (MDA) level, hepatic total antioxidant status (TAOS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) level, polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) level, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were determined by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Se-AbM administration markedly (p?<?005) decreased serum ALT, AST, and MDA levels, hepatic IL-1β and TNF-α levels, as well as PMN infiltration and the expression of ICAM-1, COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB compared with alcohol administration. In conclusion, we observed that Se-AbM supplementation could restrain the hepatic damage caused by acute alcohol exposure.     

姬松茸原生质体形成和再生的研究

报道了溶壁酶系统、酶浓度、不同菌龄、脱壁促进剂、渗透压稳定剂和酶解温度对姬松茸原生质体释放率及不同再生培养基、渗稳剂种类、菌丝酶解时间和单双层平板对原生质体再生的影响。结果表明 ,菌龄为3～ 5d的菌丝以 1.5 %溶壁酶、0 .5 %蜗牛酶和 0 .5 %纤维素酶组成的酶系统在 30℃以KCl为渗透压稳定剂时 ,形成率为 1.4～ 1.5ⅹ 10 7/mL酶液 ;以蔗糖为渗透压稳定剂 ,菌丝酶解 1.5～ 3h ,以SMY和MYP为再生培养基 ,姬松茸原生质体再生率为 1.1‰～ 1.3‰。     

姬松茸胞内多糖碱提取工艺

为了进一步提高姬松茸胞内多糖得率,采用单因素实验和响应曲面法,对姬松茸菌丝体胞内多糖碱提取工艺进行了研究。结果表明优化的碱提取工艺为提取时间4．63h,碱液浓度1．03mol／L,提取温度60．90℃,液料比85．85mL／g,在此条件下胞内多糖的提取得率为（273．49±1．59）mg／g干菌体,明显高于水提取所得到的胞内多糖得率。这为姬松茸碱提胞内多糖理化性质、生理活性等方面进一步的研究提供切实可行的高效提取方法。     

姬松茸N516产活性多糖的发酵动力学研究

目的 :研究姬松茸产活性多糖的发酵动力学。方法 :以 5L发酵罐分批发酵和基于Logistic和Luedeking&Piret方程。结果 :菌体生长和胞内活性多糖生成是同步的 ;发酵液流变特性参数稠度系数 (K)先增后降 ,而流变特性指数 (n)先降后升。得到描述分批发酵过程的动力学数学模型和模型参数 ,同时对实验数据与模型参数进行了验证比较 ,模型计算与实验结果较好拟合。结论 :产活性多糖属于偶联型以及模型可用于预测发酵过程     

姬松茸菌丝体中各组分多糖的抗肿瘤免疫活性

对深层发酵培养的姬松茸菌丝体依次采用热水、冷碱、热碱提取,得到了四种主要的多糖组分。其中冷碱提取的水不溶性多糖(CAASP)得率最高,达8.5 8g/ 10 0g干菌,且不同的多糖组分具有不同的单糖组成。其中热水提取的水溶性多糖(HWSP)及冷碱提取的水溶性多糖(CAWSP)在2 0mg/kg·d的剂量下对小鼠S180 移植瘤显示出较高的抗肿瘤活性,抑瘤率分别高达5 9.84 %和6 4 .6 6 %。同时发现在四种多糖在发挥抗肿瘤作用过程中,小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数有不同程度的提高。并且各多糖活性组分在体外均具有显著的刺激脾淋巴细胞增殖的作用     

氮离子束注入姬松茸担孢子的生物学效应研究

氮离子束注入与紫外线辐射对姬松茸担孢子萌发的影响显著不同,表现出一定程度的马鞍型效应.不同剂量的氮离子束注入姬松茸担孢子,其产生的生物学效应不同:氮离子注入束流为200×2.6×1013N /cm2,筛选到一株箱栽生物学效率提高47.0%的姬松茸新菌株AbML11;氮离子注入束流为400×2.6×1013N /cm2,筛选到一株子实体呈现白色突变的姬松茸新菌株AbML7;氮离子注入束流为500×2.6×10"N13/cm2,筛选到一株具有AEC抗性突变的姬松茸新菌株AbML2.     

营养因子对姬松茸深层发酵的影响

研究了营养性因子对姬松茸深层发酵的影响。结果表明玉米粉、蛋白胨,豆饼粉有利于姬松茸菌体生长和胞外多糖的形成,进一步的正交优化实验得到最佳培养基组成,玉米粉2%,蔗糖1%,豆饼粉1%。KH2PO40.3%,MgSO40.2%,0.2%的棕榈酸能促进胞外多糖的提高,在此基础上进行摇瓶发酵曲线测定,确定姬松茸适宜发酵周期为108h,胞外多糖最高可达3.48g/L。